CHAPTER 1

The characteristics that contribute to style include the use of - (line, shape, color, texture, and so on), the use of - (symmetry or asymmetry, for example), and the degree of - or representation used.

?

dentify the location of the following items or people in the painting Las Meninas: A. Vanishing point B. Order of Santiago C. King Philip IV D. Princess Margarita

A: Man in doorway B: Man on left in black C: The painting to left of doorway D: Little princess girl

Which of the following would be considered a primary source of information about an artist or their work?

ALL BUT a blog about a painting

Which of the following artworks are devoted more to representing the artist's subjective emotions and experiences than to objective or external reality?

ALL BUT diego velazquez

Which of these statements about Robert Mapplethorpe and his photography might encourage us to think about how gender affects our experience?

ALL BUT he painted portaits...

Artists create repetitive pulses, which viewers can anticipate in their work, by using identical shapes, sizes, colors, or textures over and over again. Which of these buildings employ such simple repetitive rhythm in their design?

ALL BUT the big temple with lots of stairs, and one with lots of water

Which of the following are considered in a feminist analysis?

ALL OF THEM

Which of these buildings feature alternating rhythm in their design or decoration?

All but the temple one with looking like the presidents white house

This print from the series The Life of John Brown by the African-American artist Jacob Lawrence depicts the abolitionist's band of followers training in preparation for their armed insurrection at Harpers Ferry. But which, if any, of the twelve figures in it is depicted as the most significant?

All figures

Which of the following cultures employed principles of idealized human proportion to communicate connection with the spiritual world?

Classical Greece

An artist would probably use distorted scale if he or she wanted to create a lifelike scene that the viewer could relate to.

False

Because none of the motifs in the central field of this nineteenth-century patchwork quilt is identical, the design on it is not a pattern.

False

In the traditional art of the Yoruba people of West Africa (like the image included here), human figures are represented in accordance with the ideal proportions identified by the ancient Egyptians.

False

What is the name for the center of interest or activity in a work of art, often employed to draw the viewer's attention to the most important element in it?

Focal point

An important part of contextual analysis is being able to identify the historical period in which an artwork was made. When were these paintings created?

GIVE UP

When an artist uses scale to indicate the relative importance of elements in a composition, he or she is employing what kind of scale?

Hierarchial

The presence of Velázquez's self-portrait in Las Meninas indicates what about the painter?

High school

Match the methodological approach with its definition.

Iconographic: interprets... Formal: analyses... Feminit: ... women... Contextual:...religious... Critical: examines Psychological:... personal experiances...

Robert Lostutter's The Hummingbirds presents figural portraits on a very small scale in order to convey a sense of what?

Intimacy

Which of these horizontal rows contains an alternating pattern?

Left black, background white, alternating

Which element of art is the primary means of establishing the focal point in this sixteenth-century Mughal Indian painting The Emperor Babur Overseeing His Gardeners?

Line

Locate the four most obvious areas of rhythm in Francisco Goya's depiction of the execution of Spanish citizens during the French occupation of Madrid in 1808.

Man dead on ground alone, man with hands up, peoples shooting heads and feet, people to left of main man faces

Famous artists can often be identified from carefully studying the distinctive stylistic features of artworks. Who painted the following works?

Naked lady: jean... bar: edward hopper pier: edvard munch other: hands holbein

Which body part was used to establish the proportions of each of these artworks?

Normal person: head Square plate: hand Small person: head

Which elements or principles of art are the primary means of drawing the viewer's attention to the focal point of the Baroque Italian artist Artemisia Gentileschi's painting Judith Decapitating Holofernes?

Principles: contrast Elements: value, line

This painting by the sixteenth-century Flemish artist Pieter Bruegel the Elder depicts an episode from ancient Greek mythology. Where is the main subject of Bruegel's work?

Right below the big ship

What is the name by which the proportional system based around the ratio of 1:1.618 is most commonly known?

The Golden Section

Where is the focal point in this sixteenth-century Mughal Indian painting The Emperor Babur Overseeing His Gardeners?

The cross in the garden

What is the subject of this painting by the sixteenth-century Flemish artist Pieter Bruegel the Elder?

The fall of lcarus, the idea that life goes on

What is the focal point of this fifteenth-century devotional painting by Dieric Bouts of the Holy Trinity and the Virgin Mary?

The girls face

Where is the focal point in the Italian Baroque painter Artemisia Gentileschi's Judith Decapitating Holofernes?

The guys face thats getting murdered

Progressive rhythm makes the eye speed up or slow down as it moves across a work. Which of these buildings feature progressive rhythm?

The long walk up temple, two that are inside the building and looking at rings

Locate the focal point(s) in the Baroque Spanish artist Diego de Silva y Velázquez's painting Las Meninas (The Maids of Honor), which depicts the King of Spain's daughter surrounded by various attendants.

The man on the left in black, the little girl middle, the girl second from the rightmost person little, the painting by the door, the man in the doorway

Locate the focal point(s) in the nineteenth-century Japanese artist Ando Hiroshige's "Riverside Bamboo Market, Kyōbashi."

The moon, man on the boat, bottom of the bridge in middle right

Irrespective of their cultural background, traditional Islamic artists have almost always delighted in complex patterns of interlaced motifs. Which of these patterned works were created by Islamic artists?

The two vases

Rhythm in visual design has many similarities with rhythm in other art forms, such as music. In which of these artworks is the visual rhythm not inspired by music?

The violin

Why do the Swedish-born artist Claes Oldenburg and his wife Coosje van Bruggen make their sculptures of everyday objects so vast?

To poke fun..., to give them..., to express...

Alternating rhythm can be used in a composition deliberately to communicate the idea of chaos and to make viewers feel uncomfortable.

True

It does not matter if a sculptor is creating a human statue on a monumental scale or a figure much smaller than lifesize, if the sculptor applies the ratio of the Golden Section, the sculpture will have naturalistic proportions.

True

The Surrealists sometimes used distorted scale to create dreamlike images that subvert our conscious experiences.

True

Vija Celmins purposefully did not create specific areas of emphasis in her photorealistic work Untitled (Ocean), because she wanted to illustrate the vast nature of the sea.

True

Which element of art is the primary means of establishing the focal point in the Baroque Spanish painter Francisco de Zurbarán's painting The Funeral of St. Bonaventure?

Value

What is the subject of this painting by Palmer Hayden?

a community in harlem

Which of the following are acceptable resources for studying art?

a museum website

What is a memento mori?

a symbol of morality

Which of the following phrases best defines the term anamorphosis?

an optical illusion

Which of the following observations is considered contextual analysis of Palmer Hayden's Midsummer Night in Harlem?

an understantding..., the church

Which elements and principles of art are most prominently used in these two artworks?

bar: contrast, emphasis, color person: color, symmetry, texture

Pattern expresses ideas of order and predictability. But the more complex a pattern, the more visually interesting it often is. Arrange these artworks in order from the simplest pattern to the most complex.

black and white, long sideways, square, with cross and white edges, last one

Pattern in the structure of figurative works of art is often less regular, and so harder to spot, than in purely decorative works. Which two panels of this ancient Mesopotamian artwork depicting scenes of life appear the most obviously patterned?

bottom of both images

Why does Polish artist Marina Abakanowicz use burlap as a central medium of sculptures such as 80 Backs?

burlap was one..., it symbolizes human vulnerability

From a simple repetitive pulse to the most intricate combination of cadences, rhythm can be expressed through any of the elements of art, whether singly or in combination. Order these representations of groups of people according to their rhythm, from the simplest and most regular to the most complex and irregular.

carpet looking one, men gathered in room, long length one, sitting at table, war with dead people

How does Marc Chagall establish Icarus as the focal point of his painting The Fall of Icarus?

color, contrast, brushstrokes, placement

What is the name of the principle of art involved when an artist uses noticeably different dark and light values to create a focal point or area of interest in a work?

contrast

What type of directional line appears to impart the greatest degree of emphasis?

diagonal

Which of the following are distinctive features of the Netherlandish artist Hieronymus Bosch's style?

distorted proportions, fantastical details, inspired by folklore

A work of art is a product of the dynamic interrelationships between the various - of art—such as line, shape, -—and the various -—such as contrast, unity, -. The process of analysing their use in a work of art is known as -.

elements, color and motion, principles, rhythm and focal point, formal analysis

What is the name for the principle of art that involves drawing attention to particular content?

emphasis

An artwork or artistic style devoted to representing subjective emotions and experiences instead of objective or external reality is known by what term?

expressionist

Edvard Munch's The Scream depicts a dream the artist had.

false

Feminist analysis of Grande Odalisque by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres considers the role of women in nineteenth-century France but not viewers' perspectives on gender.

false

Formal analysis can be done only to a painting, not to a sculpture.

false

Hieronymus Bosch was a Surrealist painter from the 1920s.

false

Pablo Picasso was a very inventive artist who was never inspired by artists of the past.

false

Robert Mapplethorpe re-created traditional gendered roles of male and female to connect modern photography with painters from the past.

false

Studying art is purely an act of personal observation and individual interpretation.

false

The neighborhood shown in Palmer Hayden's Midsummer Night in Harlem could represent any neighborhood in America in the 1930s.

false

Which, if any, of these paintings employ(s) the technique of subordination deliberately to draw the viewer's attention away from a particular part of their composition?

gathered around campfire, two people

What does the cross on Velázquez's tunic in Las Meninas signify?

he was a member of the order of santiago

Which of these terms relates to Hans Holbein the Younger's painting The Ambassadors?

iconography, anamorphosis, memento mori

What might an artist's use of a small scale for a portrait of a lover imply?

intimacy

What do the relationships between the sizes of different parts of a work make up?

its proportions

Which of the following statements correctly describe these Sumerian figures?

less than lifesize, placed in temples to pray to the gods

A formal analysis of a painting will consider such things as the location of objects, the colors used, and the relationships between the parts of the composition. What atmosphere do you think is created in Edward Hopper's Nighthawks through such details?

loneliness

What fundamental principle does the contemporary American artist Chuck Close primarily use to unify his distinctive artworks?

motif

What is the name for a design when it is used as a unit within a pattern, like the plants on the side of this pot?

motif

A variety of different colors and patterns enlivens this work by the French painter Suzanne Valadon. But which are geometric patterns and which organic?

organic: thing shes resting head on, the blue sheet laying on, the blue sheet pattern going up left corner geometric: pants

What basic building block(s) does the contemporary American artist Chuck Close use to create this self-portrait?

painted organic concentric rings, painted diamond shapes

What is the name for the principle of art that involves an arrangement of predictably repeated art elements?

pattern

What associations does the Canadian-born artist Agnes Martin intend to convey by not providing any specific point of emphasis in her painting Starlight?

profound calm, harmony with the universe

Which type(s) of analysis would not be appropriate for studying the Bust of Queen Nefertiti?

psycho

Which of the following analytical methods would be the most appropriate to help understand Munch's state of mind when he created The Scream?

psychological analysis

Which of these minimalist twentieth-century artworks feature pattern in their composition?

red, blue, light blue light red squiggly line one

According to Elvis Presley, which element or principle of art "is something you either have or don't have, but when you have it, you have it all over"?

rhythm

The placement of elements within a composition in order to create multiple focal points is most closely associated with which principle of art?

rhythm

Which principle of art is the primary means by which the sixteenth-century Flemish painter Pieter Bruegel guides the viewer's attention on a deliberate path that takes in the entirety of his painting Hunters in the Snow?

rhythm

What type of emphasis is used in each of these twentieth-century sculptural works?

specific: swirl, wooden round broad: everything else

What is it called when emphasis is used to draw the viewer's attention away from a particular part of a composition?

subordination

Which of the following observations are relevant to a feminist analysis of the Grande Odalisque by Ingres?

the artist was male, the way the womans back was painted

Each of these observations relates to 80 Backs by Madgalena Abakanowicz. Match the type of analysis with the observation.

the burlap: formal abakanowicz: biographical, historical

What meanings or ideas does the use of rhythm communicate in the nineteenth-century French artist Rosa Bonheur's painting Plowing in the Nivernais: The Dressing of the Vines?

the dignity of hard work, the physical effort of plowing

Who is shown in this detail of Las Meninas?

the kind and queen of Spain

What aspects of these Sumerian sculptures suggest that they are votive figures?

their hands are..., inscriptions..., the were found buried...

Why did the different religions that built the Great Mosque in Córdoba and the Church of Sainte-Madeleine at Vézelay employ such similar patterns and rhythms in their architecture?

to evoke the timelessness of prayer

80 Backs by Magdalena Abakanowicz was deeply influenced by the artist's personal experiences during and after World War II.

true

Artists can use any of the elements of art in order to emphasize focal points in their work.

true

How does Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres portray the body of the woman in Grande Odalisque?

with distortions