Chapter 1 - Health and illness

What is one tenet of Hippocratic oath?

"Do no harm"

the goal of treating chronic illness today is to try to __ rather than ___ them

Manage; cure

which geographic location is generally considered to be a developed region?

New Zealand

etiology refers to?

cause of disease

global health is an approach that seeks to:

improve health and achieve more equal outcomes for all people

according to the World health organization, what does it mean to say "the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is the fundamental rights of every human being"?

nations must provide all of their citizens with the bare necessities to achieve and maintain good health

the center of illnes-wellness continuum defines a state of:

no discernable illness or wellness

how does the clustering of social determinants influence a person's overall health, especially during childhood?

no one factor may have a direct impact on health, but a contribution of unfavorable economic, educational, and employment provide a platform for increased health risks

compared to low-income and developing countries, deaths can often be attributed to __ in developed and high income counties:

noncommunicable diseases

cigarette smoking causes about __ deaths in the US each year, or roughly one of every ___ deaths overall

480,000; 5

a patient who either dies soon or gets better quickly in response to disease is suffering from a ___ disorder?

Acute

Which continent tends to have the highest concentration of unhealthy concerns, based on health-related sustainable development scores?

Africa

the APOE-e4 gene is related to the likelihood of developing which disease?

Alzheimer's disease

Which statement regarding e-cigarettes is correct?

Among high school students, use of e-cigs is on the rise

the belief in the operation of the mind and body is known as:

Dualism

Where does the US rank in terms of efficiency, quality, assess, and equity of health care among the 11 countries with the strongest economies?

Eleventh

Which is NOT an outcome of health psychology?

Generate new cures

the interaction between feelings of anxiety and the autonomic nervous system lends credit to:

Holism

esme has a body mass index (BMI) of 36. Esme is?

Obese

the belief that internal conflict is converted into observable physical symptoms, is believed by what type of psychologist?

Psychoanalyst

between 2011-2017, the use of e-cigarettes:

Rose

during his physical exam, Richie tells his doctor he currently feels well rested and energetic. Richie is providing his

Subjective health

Dr. Gomez wants to better understand the health of her patients. if she discovers that a patient is on the left of the illness-wellness continuum, what does that likely mean?

The patients health is poor

professor Sorenson studies how health is impaired by the aging process. he most likely subscribes to which perspective?

a developmental perspective

what is the main cause of excess body weight?

an energy imbalance

The history of humanity's understanding of illness and health illustrates that?

beliefs can be understood only within the context of a place and time

which statement regarding measures of subjective and objective health is true?

both are equally important

margo has a health conditions that persist and worsen over time, this is an example of which kind of disorder

chronic

how do contemporary health psychologists view dualism?

current health psychologists recognize the significant connections between the mind and body

the incidence of major diseases, such as some cancers, dementia, and heart disease are ____ in wealthy countries

declining

when researchers supplied the residents of Karachi, Pakistan, with soap and information about proper hand washing rates of diarrheal and illness in children?

decreased by 50%

__ causes familial early-onset Alzheimer's disease

deterministic genes

the primary differences between risk and deterministic genes is that:

deterministic genes are the direct cause of a disease, whereas risk genes might increase the likelihood that a persons develops a disease but does not directly cause the disease

Differences in health disparities and the effects they produce tend to most pronounced when comparing?

developing and developed countries

Which factors have been identified as reasons for the high chronic diseases rates among native Americans/ alaskan?

distrust of medical research and systems, increased use to tobacco products, low awareness of cancer screening and risk factors

if a researcher wanted to identify patterns in the frequency and distribution of diseases within a population, she would engage in:

epidemiological research

Ingo tends to focus on the beliefs and customs prevalent in his cultural background when considering plans for actions or priorities in life. Ingo is demonstrating?

ethnocentrism

which statement about APOE genes is correct?

every person inherits a copy of some form of APOE from each parent

a biological contributor to the biopsychosocial model of health would be a person's?

genetic background

how does health care accessibility differ between global health and public health approaches?

global health focuses on equal health care access for everyone among nations, whereas public health focuses on access within a country, city, or community.

how do contemporary researchers conceptualize health?

health is a state of optimal well-being

which health problems will an obese person likely encounter?

heart disease, stroke, cancer and type 2 diabetes

Why does epidemiology inform etiology?

identifying factors that occur most often with a disease (task of epidemiology) can help narrow the search for the causes of the disease (etiology)

which statement about infectious diseases is true?

infectious diseases were the leading cause of death in 1900

Carlotta engages in limited physical activity and eats high-calorie and high fat foods but reports feeling healthy several days a week and maintains a balanced diet and also reports feeling healthy and energetic?

inter individual differences

ischemic heart disease and stroke are the two leading causes of death in every type of country except?

low-income countries

What are the three leading causes of death in low-income countries?

lower respiratory infections, diarrheal diseases, and ischemic heart disease

infection, heart rate, reflexes, and blood pressure are examples of

objective health

__ is defined as efforts to maintain well-being and offset disease?

preventative medicine

In some of the world's poorest countries, individuals are dying of acute infectious diseases that:

residents of more wealthy countries died of during the 1700s

a person living in the Middle Ages would likely believe that illness:

resulted from sins of the soul

Which statement is true regarding health insurance in the US?

since 2016, the gains in health care coverage produced by the Affordable Care Act have begun to reverse

Which of the following is an example of the health disparities that lead to increased diagnoses of breast cancer in black and hispanic women who live segregated urban areas?

social and economic disadvantages are linked to where people live

health results from the intersection of ___ processes.

social, biological, and psychological

which statement regarding measures of objective and subjective health is true?

subjective health measures are generally unimportant because they are based on how a person feels, not on how healthy the person actually is

the biopsychosocial model is grounded in:

systems theory

during the Middle Ages, approx 200 million people were killed by:

the Black Death

which renaissance theory attributed disease to microorganisms?

the germ theory of disease

the proposal that four bodily fluids govern temperament and health is known as:

the humoral theory of illness

what is the best definition of health psychology?

the study of biological, psychological, and social influences on health and illness

which statement is true about a developing country?

there is lack of good quality medical service, there is a less secure political structure, some individuals may suffer from poverty

___ is the single largest preventable cause of disease around the world

tobacco use

why does globalization occur?

travel, trade, media, and the internet allows ideas, values, and goods to be shared worldwide

Infectious diseases are caused by

viruses or bacteria