Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers and Programming

A bit that is turned off represents the following value:

0

If you look at a machine language program, you will see

A stream of binary numbers

A set of 128 numeric codes that represent the English letters, various punctuation marks, and other characters is

ASCII

A component that collects data from people or other devices and sends it to the computer is called

An Input Device

The ___ translates an assembly language program to a machine language program

Assembler

In a(n) ______ numbering systems, all numeric values are written as sequences of 0s and 1s

Binary

A byte is made up of eight

Bits

A _____ is enough memory to store a letter of the alphabet or a small number

Byte

A(n) program translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program

Complier

In the ______ part of the fetch-decode-execute style, the CPU determines which operation it should perform.

Decode

Real numbers are encoded using the ____ technique

Floating point

The physical devices that a computer is made of are referred to as

Hardware

The words that make up a high-level programming language are called

Key words

Computers can only execute programs that are written in

Machine language

The computers stores a program while the program is running, as well as the data that the program is working with, in

Main memory

Today, CPU's are small chips known as

Microprocessors

A video display is a(n)_____ device.

Output Device

The tiny dots of color that digital images are composed of are called

Pixels

A(n) _____ is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task

Program

This is a volatile type of memory that is used only for temporary storage while a program is running.

RAM

A type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time- even when there is no power to the computer is called___

Secondary Storage

The rules that must be followed when writing a program are called

Syntax

The part of a computer that runs programs is called

The CPU

Negative numbers are encoded using the ____ technique

Two's complement

An extensive encoding scheme that can also represent all the characters of most of the languages in the world is

UNICODE