Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers and Programming
A bit that is turned off represents the following value:
0
If you look at a machine language program, you will see
A stream of binary numbers
A set of 128 numeric codes that represent the English letters, various punctuation marks, and other characters is
ASCII
A component that collects data from people or other devices and sends it to the computer is called
An Input Device
The ___ translates an assembly language program to a machine language program
Assembler
In a(n) ______ numbering systems, all numeric values are written as sequences of 0s and 1s
Binary
A byte is made up of eight
Bits
A _____ is enough memory to store a letter of the alphabet or a small number
Byte
A(n) program translates a high-level language program into a separate machine language program
Complier
In the ______ part of the fetch-decode-execute style, the CPU determines which operation it should perform.
Decode
Real numbers are encoded using the ____ technique
Floating point
The physical devices that a computer is made of are referred to as
Hardware
The words that make up a high-level programming language are called
Key words
Computers can only execute programs that are written in
Machine language
The computers stores a program while the program is running, as well as the data that the program is working with, in
Main memory
Today, CPU's are small chips known as
Microprocessors
A video display is a(n)_____ device.
Output Device
The tiny dots of color that digital images are composed of are called
Pixels
A(n) _____ is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task
Program
This is a volatile type of memory that is used only for temporary storage while a program is running.
RAM
A type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time- even when there is no power to the computer is called___
Secondary Storage
The rules that must be followed when writing a program are called
Syntax
The part of a computer that runs programs is called
The CPU
Negative numbers are encoded using the ____ technique
Two's complement
An extensive encoding scheme that can also represent all the characters of most of the languages in the world is
UNICODE