Chapter 1 - Introduction to Computers, the Internet and the Web

When a Java program is compiled, the file produced by the compiler ends with the _______________ file extension.

.class

A Java program file must end with the _______________ file extension.

.java

The company that popularized personal computing was ______________.

Apple

_______________ is a type of computer language that uses English-like abbreviations for machine-language instructions.

Assembler

_________________ was developed at Dartmouth College in the mid-1960s as a means of writing simple programs.

BASIC

_________________ initially became widely known as the development language of the UNIX operating system.

C

________________ was designed specifically for the .NET platform to enable programmers to migrate easily to .NET.

C#

The __________________ programming language was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in the early 1980s at Bell Laboratories.

C++

__________________ is used for commercial applications that require precise and efficient manipulation of large amounts of data.

COBOL

_________________ was developed by IBM Corporation in the mid-1950s to be used for scientific and engineering applications that require complex mathematical computations.

Fortran

The computer that made personal computing legitimate in business and industry was the _______________.

IBM Personal Computer

The command java invokes the _______________, which executes Java programs.

Java Virtual Machine (JVM)

The process of instructing the computer to solve a problem is called ________________.

Programming

A(n) _______________ is a software application that simulates a computer, but hides the underlying operating system and hardware from the programs that interact with the VM.

Virtual Machine (VM)

Classes can have relationships with other classes called _________________.

associations

The _______________ examines bytecodes to ensure that they are valid.

bytecode verifier

The file produced by the Java compiler contains _______________ that are executed by the Java Virtual Machine.

bytecodes

The _______________ takes the .class files containing the program's bytecodes and transfers them to primary memory.

class loader

Java programmers concentrate on creating _______________, which contain fields and the set of methods that manipulate those fields and provide services to clients.

classes

The programs that translate high-level language programs into machine language are called _______________.

compilers

Java programs normally go through five phases— _______________, ________________, _______________, _______________, and _______________.

edit, compile, load, verify, execute

________________ languages are most convenient to the programmer for writing programs quickly and easily.

high-level

Objects have the property of _______________ —although objects may know how to communicate with one another across well-defined interfaces, they normally are not allowed to know how other objects are implemented.

information hiding

The six key logical units of the computer are the __________, __________, __________, __________, __________ and ___________.

input, output, memory, arithmetic and logic, central processing, and secondary storage (units)

A(n) _______________ provides many tools that support the software development process, such as editors for writing and editing programs, debuggers for locating logic errors in programs, and many other features.

integrated development environment (IDE)

The only language a computer can directly understand is that computer's _______________.

machine language

The __________ command from the JDK executes a Java application.

java

______________ is now used to develop large-scale enterprise applications, to enhance the functionality of web servers, to provide applications for consumer devices and for many other purposes.

java

The __________ command from the JDK compiles a Java program.

javac

The three types of languages discussed in the chapter are __________, __________ and __________.

machine, assembly, and high-level languages

__________________ allows a Java program to perform multiple activities in parallel.

multithreading

A(n) _______________ program can run on multiple platforms.

portable

Computers process data under the control of sets of instructions called _____________.

programs

The __________________ allows computer users to locate and view multimedia-based documents on almost any subject over the Internet.

world wide web