Marine Biology

On the average, what percentage of energy in a particular tropic level is passed on to the next tropic level:

10%

Which of the following could be a tertiary consumer:

A carnivore

An example of a community is:

A kelp forest plus all organisms living on it

An example of predation:

A snail drilling a hole into a clam and then sucking out the flesh

ALL marine tetrapods in chapter 9 are:

Air breathers

Spiraled (like on stingrays) are involved in:

Allowing rays to take in water even when the mouth is buried in sediment

Predation can be best defined as:

An animals eating any other organism

The difference between food webs and food chains is that food webs:

Are more complex

One of the following is a characteristic of all vertebrates:

Backbone

Which one of these is an odontocete?

Beluga

Adult seals retain body heat by means of:

Blubber

This DOES NOT apply to the typical cetacean calf:

Born with a well developed thick layer of blubber

Cleaning symbiosis, such as with a cleaning shrimp and a grouper, is an example of symbiosis because partners involved in the association:

Both have coevolved into a close association

The Gray whale mostly feeds on:

Bottom crustaceans

Which is not a species of sea turtles?

Brown

Sea otters belong in what order?

Carnivora

The number of individuals a habitat can support with available resources is known as:

Carrying capacity

These marine mammals use blubber for insulation

Cetaceans, sirenians, and pinniped

The bright color of many fishes is the result of:

Chromatophores

What is not a function of blubber:

Circulation

The walrus mostly feed on:

Clams and other bivalves

A snail evolving a behavior that allows it to escape from a sea star predator i an example of:

Coevolution

Some snails grow thicker shells on exposure to lobsters, the lobsters develop stronger claws through evolution to crack through the shells of the snails. This is an example of

Coevolution

An advantage of resource partitioning is:

Competing populations coexist without affecting each other

The type of interaction that results when a resource is in short supply and one organism uses the resource and the other doesn't receive any is called:

Competition

A biologist monitors a small area of a sea cliff. Two filter feeders are present. Over time, one of them a colonial ascidians, completely overgrown a cork. This integration is an example of:

Competitive interaction

When a particular color pattern allows animals like fishes to blend with their surroundings:

Cryptic coloration

The detritus in the water includes:

Dead organic matter

The purpose of the lateral lie in fishes:

Detecting vibrations

An example of a primary producer is a:

Diatom

Marine amphibians:

Do not exist at all

Sea lions can be readily distinguished from the seals because in contrast to seals they have:

External ears

One of the following is a synonym of spawning

External fertilization

ALL baleen whales subsist primarily on krill only.

False

ALL whales have very long, hard teeth for straining small animals from the ocean.

False

Gray whales migrate to Baja California in the winter to feed in the rich tropical waters, then to their summer breeding areas in the northern polar winters.

False

Green Sea turtles, when ready to lay eggs, migrate to the nearest isolated sandy beach that they happen to encounter.

False

It is now well established that dolphins use sounds in a complex language rivaling that of humans in complexity.

False

Mammals constitute the largest group of vertebrates in terms of number of species.

False

Most cetaceans calves are born HEAD FIRST in order for the newborn to quickly gulp air at the surface.

False

Only sea lions, not seals, have sharp and cone shaped teeth.

False

Pelicans force other birds to regurgitate in mid air and then catch this food in their beak pouches.

False

Penguins fly clumsily over the water then dive into and swim adeptly in the water to catch prey.

False

Sea snakes also migrate to sandy beaches to lay their eggs.

False

Seals use both front and back flippers to maneuver themselves on land.

False

The rounded fatty forehead structure, the melon, of toothed whales is thought to produce the sounds for echolocation.

False

To dive deeply while breath- holding, all marine mammals rely mainly on a large rigid rib cage to hold open large lungs filled with air during the dive.

False

Tubenose birds get their name from the special feeding tube on their beaks.

False

Walruses can be found in the Antarctic

False

Walruses use their tusks mostly to dig up food:

False

Sea lions are found both the east and west coasts of the United states

False- west coast

Tropic means :

Feeding

The gill rakers are involved in what:

Filter feeding

Dolphins are not able to

Filter food through bristles in their mouth

The group of vertebrates containing the largest number of species:

Fishes

Sea turtles swim by means of...

Flippers

Marine tetrapod vertebrates do not have?

Gills

An example of jawless fish:

Hagfish

One of these is NOT a characteristic of sea turtles:

Have a shell that is not connected to the backbone

What is not correct about sea otters?

Have a thick layer of blubber

Which of the following is seen in marine reptiles?

Internal fertilization

In order to reduce drag, the penis of cetaceans is:

Internal until just before mating

Two of the same species of clownfish attempt to use the same anemone as a habitat is an example of?

Intraspecific competiton

Adaptation for deep diving in marine animals DO NOT include what:

Light producing organs

Resources that can affect population growth if they are in short supply are called:

Limiting resources

NOT true regarding emperor penguins:

Live in the Arctic

In many sharks, extra buoyancy is provided by an oily:

Liver

Not an adaptation for deep diving crustaceans:

Lower tolerance to lactic acid

The order sirenia includes?

Manatees

The relationship in which two co- habiting or cooperating organisms benefit each other is called:

Mutualism

Zooxanthellae live within the tissues of corals and both organisms benefit from the association. This is known as:

Mutualism

We can tell that cetaceans are mammals because they:

Nurse their young with milk

In competitive exclusion, which is not true :

One species is better competition for resources

Competitive exclusion can be best defined as:

One species over competes and eliminates another

Most marine fishes are:

Oviparious

Can e found as far north as the Equator:

Penguins

Seals, sea lions, and the walrus are classified as belonging to the order?

Pinniped

Emperor penguins keep their eggs warm by which means?

Placing them between their feet and lower body

Basking sharks feed on:

Plankton

The whale shark feed on:

Plankton

DO NOT have external ear flaps:

Porpoise

Not an abiotic factor:

Predation

Characteristics of ALL bony fish

Presence of a gill covering

The next level in a food web beyond the Producers would be the:

Primary consumers

Synonym for autotrophs:

Primary producer

The nicitating membrane of sharks:

Produces sound

A fundamental role of decomposers:

Releasing nutrients to them used by autotrophs

The HUMPBACK (and other baleen whales) migrate every year to :

Reproduce in the tropics during winter

In a salt marsh, a fish eats decaying material from around the base of grass plants. A snail scrapes Alana's from the stalks of these grasses. These species can coexist because they have"

Resource partitioning

One way that dolphins and other whales are adapted for deep diving is by:

Restricting blood flow to the digestive system when diving

Ovoviparious fishes:

Retain fertilized eggs internally for development

An example of a mysticete whale:

Right

The echo logical niche of a species refers to:

Role in the community

The most dangerous marine reptile is the...

Saltwater Crocodile

Smallest marine animal is the:

Sea otter

Temperature dependent sex determination is seen in:

Sea turtles

Which must return to land?

Seabirds, sea turtles, and pinnipeds

What makes up about 90% of a polar bears diet in the wild, which it hunts from the sea ice.

Seals

Seals can be readily distinguished from the sea lions because in contrast to sea lions:

Seals use only their front flippers on land

The claspers on sharks structures involved in:

Sex/ reproduction

Besides humans, sea turtles are eaten by...

Sharks

Rays and skates typically feed on:

Small animals that live on the bottom

Sea snakes feed mostly on:

Small fishes

Among the great whales, which one eats squid?

Sperm

The amount of chlorophyll in the water is a direct estimate of:

Standing rock of phytoplankton

Unlike humans, whose digestion begins first in the mouth, the CHEMICAL digestion in fishes begins in the:

Stomach

One particular thing found in bony fishes by ABSENT in cartilaginous fishes:

Swim bladder

Baleen whales lack:

Teeth

Porpoises can be distinguished from dolphins by comparing their:

Teeth

Competitive exclusion may be affected by:

The abundance of a resource, new species coming into a habit, and changes in the environmen

The caudal fin of sharks is located on:

The tail

Net primary productivity is best defined as:

The total amount of biomass created by producers after energy loss to metabolism is factored

All 7 species of sea turtles are threatened, whereas 4 species are endangered

True

Breaching may serve as a warning signal or as a means of getting rid of external parasites.

True

Cetaceans move their tails up and down while fishes move theirs side to side.

True

Cleaning associations benefit the cleaner species, which get a steady supply of food, and may benefit the cleaned host by removal or irritating parasites:

True

Echolocation is used not only by most toothed whales, but know also thought to be used by some baleen whales as well as other animals.

True

It is thought that cetaceans produce a mental "picture" of objects using echolocation sounds.

True

Marine iguanas can feed in cold ocean water because they warm up by basking in the sun on rocks.

True

Most of the phosphorus entering the ocean is brought in by the river:

True

Most seabirds breed in large colonies on land.

True

One difference between male and female sea turtles is the size of their tail/

True

Polar bears have clear fur.

True

Sea Turtles must leave the oceans to lay eggs

True

Seabird guano can be used for useful human purposes.

True

Seabirds are endothermic, while marine reptiles usually are ectotherms.

True

Sirenians are the only true herbivores among the marine mammals.

True

Some seabirds migrate as much as 16,000 km from one polar region to the other, and may never experience a polar winter.

True

The bends condition is causes by carbon dioxide bubbles forming in the blood due to pressure changes in diving.

True

The blowhole of cetaceans not only allows for breathing air while most of the body is submerged, but also allows for breathing and swallowing simultaneously.

True

The flukes of cetaceans do not have any bone in them:

True

The pleated throat of many baleen whales is used like an expanding accordion to draw in large amounts of water and food.

True

The pyramid of biomass shows the:

Weight of organisms in a level