Marine Biology
On the average, what percentage of energy in a particular tropic level is passed on to the next tropic level:
10%
Which of the following could be a tertiary consumer:
A carnivore
An example of a community is:
A kelp forest plus all organisms living on it
An example of predation:
A snail drilling a hole into a clam and then sucking out the flesh
ALL marine tetrapods in chapter 9 are:
Air breathers
Spiraled (like on stingrays) are involved in:
Allowing rays to take in water even when the mouth is buried in sediment
Predation can be best defined as:
An animals eating any other organism
The difference between food webs and food chains is that food webs:
Are more complex
One of the following is a characteristic of all vertebrates:
Backbone
Which one of these is an odontocete?
Beluga
Adult seals retain body heat by means of:
Blubber
This DOES NOT apply to the typical cetacean calf:
Born with a well developed thick layer of blubber
Cleaning symbiosis, such as with a cleaning shrimp and a grouper, is an example of symbiosis because partners involved in the association:
Both have coevolved into a close association
The Gray whale mostly feeds on:
Bottom crustaceans
Which is not a species of sea turtles?
Brown
Sea otters belong in what order?
Carnivora
The number of individuals a habitat can support with available resources is known as:
Carrying capacity
These marine mammals use blubber for insulation
Cetaceans, sirenians, and pinniped
The bright color of many fishes is the result of:
Chromatophores
What is not a function of blubber:
Circulation
The walrus mostly feed on:
Clams and other bivalves
A snail evolving a behavior that allows it to escape from a sea star predator i an example of:
Coevolution
Some snails grow thicker shells on exposure to lobsters, the lobsters develop stronger claws through evolution to crack through the shells of the snails. This is an example of
Coevolution
An advantage of resource partitioning is:
Competing populations coexist without affecting each other
The type of interaction that results when a resource is in short supply and one organism uses the resource and the other doesn't receive any is called:
Competition
A biologist monitors a small area of a sea cliff. Two filter feeders are present. Over time, one of them a colonial ascidians, completely overgrown a cork. This integration is an example of:
Competitive interaction
When a particular color pattern allows animals like fishes to blend with their surroundings:
Cryptic coloration
The detritus in the water includes:
Dead organic matter
The purpose of the lateral lie in fishes:
Detecting vibrations
An example of a primary producer is a:
Diatom
Marine amphibians:
Do not exist at all
Sea lions can be readily distinguished from the seals because in contrast to seals they have:
External ears
One of the following is a synonym of spawning
External fertilization
ALL baleen whales subsist primarily on krill only.
False
ALL whales have very long, hard teeth for straining small animals from the ocean.
False
Gray whales migrate to Baja California in the winter to feed in the rich tropical waters, then to their summer breeding areas in the northern polar winters.
False
Green Sea turtles, when ready to lay eggs, migrate to the nearest isolated sandy beach that they happen to encounter.
False
It is now well established that dolphins use sounds in a complex language rivaling that of humans in complexity.
False
Mammals constitute the largest group of vertebrates in terms of number of species.
False
Most cetaceans calves are born HEAD FIRST in order for the newborn to quickly gulp air at the surface.
False
Only sea lions, not seals, have sharp and cone shaped teeth.
False
Pelicans force other birds to regurgitate in mid air and then catch this food in their beak pouches.
False
Penguins fly clumsily over the water then dive into and swim adeptly in the water to catch prey.
False
Sea snakes also migrate to sandy beaches to lay their eggs.
False
Seals use both front and back flippers to maneuver themselves on land.
False
The rounded fatty forehead structure, the melon, of toothed whales is thought to produce the sounds for echolocation.
False
To dive deeply while breath- holding, all marine mammals rely mainly on a large rigid rib cage to hold open large lungs filled with air during the dive.
False
Tubenose birds get their name from the special feeding tube on their beaks.
False
Walruses can be found in the Antarctic
False
Walruses use their tusks mostly to dig up food:
False
Sea lions are found both the east and west coasts of the United states
False- west coast
Tropic means :
Feeding
The gill rakers are involved in what:
Filter feeding
Dolphins are not able to
Filter food through bristles in their mouth
The group of vertebrates containing the largest number of species:
Fishes
Sea turtles swim by means of...
Flippers
Marine tetrapod vertebrates do not have?
Gills
An example of jawless fish:
Hagfish
One of these is NOT a characteristic of sea turtles:
Have a shell that is not connected to the backbone
What is not correct about sea otters?
Have a thick layer of blubber
Which of the following is seen in marine reptiles?
Internal fertilization
In order to reduce drag, the penis of cetaceans is:
Internal until just before mating
Two of the same species of clownfish attempt to use the same anemone as a habitat is an example of?
Intraspecific competiton
Adaptation for deep diving in marine animals DO NOT include what:
Light producing organs
Resources that can affect population growth if they are in short supply are called:
Limiting resources
NOT true regarding emperor penguins:
Live in the Arctic
In many sharks, extra buoyancy is provided by an oily:
Liver
Not an adaptation for deep diving crustaceans:
Lower tolerance to lactic acid
The order sirenia includes?
Manatees
The relationship in which two co- habiting or cooperating organisms benefit each other is called:
Mutualism
Zooxanthellae live within the tissues of corals and both organisms benefit from the association. This is known as:
Mutualism
We can tell that cetaceans are mammals because they:
Nurse their young with milk
In competitive exclusion, which is not true :
One species is better competition for resources
Competitive exclusion can be best defined as:
One species over competes and eliminates another
Most marine fishes are:
Oviparious
Can e found as far north as the Equator:
Penguins
Seals, sea lions, and the walrus are classified as belonging to the order?
Pinniped
Emperor penguins keep their eggs warm by which means?
Placing them between their feet and lower body
Basking sharks feed on:
Plankton
The whale shark feed on:
Plankton
DO NOT have external ear flaps:
Porpoise
Not an abiotic factor:
Predation
Characteristics of ALL bony fish
Presence of a gill covering
The next level in a food web beyond the Producers would be the:
Primary consumers
Synonym for autotrophs:
Primary producer
The nicitating membrane of sharks:
Produces sound
A fundamental role of decomposers:
Releasing nutrients to them used by autotrophs
The HUMPBACK (and other baleen whales) migrate every year to :
Reproduce in the tropics during winter
In a salt marsh, a fish eats decaying material from around the base of grass plants. A snail scrapes Alana's from the stalks of these grasses. These species can coexist because they have"
Resource partitioning
One way that dolphins and other whales are adapted for deep diving is by:
Restricting blood flow to the digestive system when diving
Ovoviparious fishes:
Retain fertilized eggs internally for development
An example of a mysticete whale:
Right
The echo logical niche of a species refers to:
Role in the community
The most dangerous marine reptile is the...
Saltwater Crocodile
Smallest marine animal is the:
Sea otter
Temperature dependent sex determination is seen in:
Sea turtles
Which must return to land?
Seabirds, sea turtles, and pinnipeds
What makes up about 90% of a polar bears diet in the wild, which it hunts from the sea ice.
Seals
Seals can be readily distinguished from the sea lions because in contrast to sea lions:
Seals use only their front flippers on land
The claspers on sharks structures involved in:
Sex/ reproduction
Besides humans, sea turtles are eaten by...
Sharks
Rays and skates typically feed on:
Small animals that live on the bottom
Sea snakes feed mostly on:
Small fishes
Among the great whales, which one eats squid?
Sperm
The amount of chlorophyll in the water is a direct estimate of:
Standing rock of phytoplankton
Unlike humans, whose digestion begins first in the mouth, the CHEMICAL digestion in fishes begins in the:
Stomach
One particular thing found in bony fishes by ABSENT in cartilaginous fishes:
Swim bladder
Baleen whales lack:
Teeth
Porpoises can be distinguished from dolphins by comparing their:
Teeth
Competitive exclusion may be affected by:
The abundance of a resource, new species coming into a habit, and changes in the environmen
The caudal fin of sharks is located on:
The tail
Net primary productivity is best defined as:
The total amount of biomass created by producers after energy loss to metabolism is factored
All 7 species of sea turtles are threatened, whereas 4 species are endangered
True
Breaching may serve as a warning signal or as a means of getting rid of external parasites.
True
Cetaceans move their tails up and down while fishes move theirs side to side.
True
Cleaning associations benefit the cleaner species, which get a steady supply of food, and may benefit the cleaned host by removal or irritating parasites:
True
Echolocation is used not only by most toothed whales, but know also thought to be used by some baleen whales as well as other animals.
True
It is thought that cetaceans produce a mental "picture" of objects using echolocation sounds.
True
Marine iguanas can feed in cold ocean water because they warm up by basking in the sun on rocks.
True
Most of the phosphorus entering the ocean is brought in by the river:
True
Most seabirds breed in large colonies on land.
True
One difference between male and female sea turtles is the size of their tail/
True
Polar bears have clear fur.
True
Sea Turtles must leave the oceans to lay eggs
True
Seabird guano can be used for useful human purposes.
True
Seabirds are endothermic, while marine reptiles usually are ectotherms.
True
Sirenians are the only true herbivores among the marine mammals.
True
Some seabirds migrate as much as 16,000 km from one polar region to the other, and may never experience a polar winter.
True
The bends condition is causes by carbon dioxide bubbles forming in the blood due to pressure changes in diving.
True
The blowhole of cetaceans not only allows for breathing air while most of the body is submerged, but also allows for breathing and swallowing simultaneously.
True
The flukes of cetaceans do not have any bone in them:
True
The pleated throat of many baleen whales is used like an expanding accordion to draw in large amounts of water and food.
True
The pyramid of biomass shows the:
Weight of organisms in a level