Chapter 1 nutrition
A correspondence school that grinds out degrees the way a grain mill grinds out flour.
Diploma mill
A study of a population that searches for possible correlations between nutrition factors and health patterns over time
Epidemiological study
Substances obtained from food and used in the body to promote growth, maintenance, and repair
Essential nutrients
What term refers to nutrients that the body must obtain from food?
Essential nutrients
The participants in a study who receive the real treatment or intervention under investigation
Experimental group
The key to disease prevention and optimal health is eating certain foods and avoiding other foods.
False
Part of the U.S. Constitution that guarantees freedom of the press.
First Amendment
Helen is ordering a pizza for her family. Which topping(s) would be the best choice as a good low-calorie selection?
Green peppers, mushrooms, and onions
Conscious deceit regarding health that is practiced for profit.
Health fraud
A population study examining the effects of a treatment on experimental subjects compared to a control group
Intervention study
What is a function of water in the body?
It transports hormonal messages from place to place.
All of the chemical and physical reactions occurring in living cells
Metabolism
A substance that must be obtained from food because the body cannot make it in sufficient quantities
Nutrient
A person who claims to be capable of advising people about their diets.
Nutritionist
How does the diet of the centenarians from the islands of Okinawa compare to that of most U.S. adults?
Okinawans consume more vegetables but fewer calories.
Which strategy would most likely support healthy eating when dining out?
Order grilled rather than fried foods
Which of the following is a correct statement regarding American current food intake and health status?
Over half of Americans suffer from a disease or condition is preventable through dietary intake and physical activity.
A sham or neutral treatment given to a control group
Placebo
Which activity demonstrates making a food choice based on sustainability issues in relation to food consumption?
Purchasing corn from the farmer in your neighborhood
Another name for fraud.
Quackery
A professional who has graduated from a program of dietetics accredited by the Commission on Accreditation for Dietetics Education (CADE).
RD
Where do most Americans obtain nutrition information?
Television
Imagine that you are reading a magazine article about a new product that claims to benefit health. Which characteristic suggests that these claims might be valid?
The peer-reviewed scientific research is cited.
Simone is looking for scientifically supported information on nutrition, and performs an Internet search. Which criteria suggest that the site features unreliable information?
The sources of statistics and study findings discussed are unavailable on the site.
A slice of pizza contains 24 grams of carbohydrate, 14 grams of fat, and 8 grams of protein. How many total calories would the slice of pie provide?
...
What is the approximate prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults in the United States today?
...
A measure of the energy that food can provide
Calories
What is a leading cause of death in the United States that is linked to diet?
Cancer
If you weigh 200 pounds and are at a desirable weight, how much of that weight is water?
120 pounds
One gram of carbohydrate yields ____ calories, 1 gram of fat yields ____ calories, and 1 gram of protein yields ____calories.
4; 9; 4
A double cheeseburger with bacon contains 44 grams of protein, 28 grams of carbohydrate, and 39 grams of fat. What percentage of calories in the sandwich comes from fat?
55%
Sasha wants to consume 30 percent of her total calories from fat and she eats 1800 calories per day. What is the maximum number of fat grams she should eat?
60 grams
Who would be the most appropriate person to consult for nutrition information?
A registered dietitian
Which vitamins are fat-soluble?
A, D, E, and K
Approval by a professional organization of an educational program offered.
Accreditation
A group of individuals with characteristics that match the group being treated in an intervention study but who receive a sham treatment or no treatment at all
Control group
Which vitamins are water-soluble?
B vitamins and C
A school from which courses can be taken and degrees granted by mail.
Correspondence school
Which term is included in the acronym CARS, and is applied in determining the quality of information found on the Internet?
Credibility
Access to an abundance of foods has been shown to contribute to increased rates of ________.
degenerative diseases
One hallmark of a credible nutrition article is that it ____.
describes results of a study of a sufficiently large group of people
Degenerative illnesses sometimes known as ____.
diseases of affluence
The habit of hara hachi bu in Okinawan culture involves ____.
eating until only 80 percent full
A(n) _____________ examines populations to determine food patterns and health status over time.
epidemiological study
Which nutrient provides the most energy per gram?
fat
The physiological need for food is also known as _______.
hunger
Jerry signs up for a scientific study in which he will follow a special diet that may lower his high blood cholesterol level. This is a(n) ____.
intervention study
What is the collective term for all the chemical and physical reactions occurring in living cells, including the reactions by which the body obtains and uses energy from foods?
metabolism
A published study whose results have been reviewed by experts in the field of study
peer review
Avoiding the consumption of meat on Fridays during Lent is an example of a food choice based on ______.
religion
One nutrition-related Healthy People 2020 objective is to reduce the consumption of ____ in the U.S. population.
solid fats and added sugars
Limiting your intake of sodium is most helpful in reducing your risk of ____.
stroke
Who often plays the most powerful role in determining the typical individual's food choices?
the mother
On average, how much water does your body lose each day in the form of sweat and urine?
Two to three quarts
You are looking for a legitimate, qualified dietitian to advise you on a healthy eating plan for your family. Which characteristic might alert you to do further research?
Use of the term nutritionist after the individual's name
Accuracy in results; low risk of results simply being a coincidence
Validity
Which substances are included in the six classes of nutrients?
Water, carbohydrates, and fats
Which substance provides seven calories per gram?
alcohol
_______is the psychological desire to eat.
appetite
The First Amendment to the Constitution allows freedom of the press for writers to make claims for nutrition products.
true
The Okinawans have a lower prevalence of chronic diseases than most other cultures in the world.
true
The diet of Okinawan elders is 80 percent plant-based and is high in soy.
true
The social and cultural groups to which a person belongs have a little effect on food choices.
false
Which nutrients regulate the release of energy and other aspects of metabolism rather than supplying energy?
Vitamins and minerals
A ______ food is one that is low in calories compared to the amount of nutrients it contains.
nutrient-dense
A _______ study minimizes the chances that the results are due to a placebo effect or to bias on the part of the researcher.
controlled and randomized
A simultaneous change in two factors
correlation
A nutrition claim that appears in a newspaper is usually a confirmed, and therefore reliable, finding.
false
As a consequence of an abundant food supply, Americans experience some of the lowest rates of degenerative diseases in the world.
false
Because the U.S. media is closely regulated, nutritional information disseminated by the media is highly reliable.
false
Diet is the sole culprit in causing chronic diseases, such as diabetes and heart disease.
false
Even when people are served more food, they tend to eat the same amount.
false
Meals eaten at fast food restaurants commonly contain similar amount of calories, fiber, and saturated fat to meals prepared at home.
false
Nutrient deficiency diseases are one of the leading causes of death in America.
false
Okinawans are a group of Eskimos that eat a high-fat diet but still maintain good health.
false
Risk of lifestyle-related chronic diseases is purely hereditary.
false
The "best if used by" date on a product is merely a suggestion and can be ignored for bulk items.
false
Limiting fat intake to 20 to 30 percent of total calories is recommended to reduce the risk of ____.
heart disease
What is the leading cause of death in the United States for people over age 24?
heart disease
Cutting back on intake of meat and poultry is a viable option for reducing fat in the diet and trimming food budgets.
true
Extremely low income can put a person at risk for undernutrition.
true