Chapter 1- Nutrition, Food Choices, and Health
Why is alcohol not an essential nutrient?
It serves no required function
Inorganic
Lacking carbon
Chronic
Long, standing; developing over time
Metabolism
The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.
2.54 centimeters=
1 inch
What can you expect from a healthy lifestyle and good nutrition?
1. healthy weight 2. longer, healthier lives
Micro
1/1,000,000
Centi
1/100
Milli
1/1000
Kilo
1000
1 kilogram =
2.2 pounds
Risk Factor
A term frequently used when discussing factors contributing to the development of disease
Cholesterol
A waxy lipid found in all body cells; multiple chemical ring structure; found only in foods of animal origin
Micronutrient
A nutrient needed in milligram or microgram quantities in a diet
Signs and Symptoms of Alcohol Poisoning
1. Semiconsciousness and unconsciousness 2. Slow respiration of 8 or fewer breaths per minute or lapses of breathing 8 seconds or more 3. Cold, clammy, pale, or blueish skin 4. Strong odor of alcohol
Kcal/ gram estimates
1. carbohydrate -4 2.Fat -9 3.Protein -4 4.Alcohol - 7
6 classes of essential nutrients
1. carbohydrates 2. lipids 3. proteins 4. vitamins 5. minerals 6. water
Phytochemical
A chemical found in plants. Some contribute to a reduced risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease in people who consume them regularly
Obesity
A condition characterized by excessive body fat
Cancer
A condition characterized by uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells
Hypertension
A condition in which blood pressure remains persistently elevated
Cardiovascular Disease
A general term that refers to any disease of the heart and circulatory system
Diabetes
A groups of diseases characterized by high blood glucose
Macronutrient
A nutrient needed in gram quantities in a diet
Osteoporosis
Decreased bone mass caused by aging, genetic background, and poor diet
Nutrient
Chemical substances in food that contribute to health, many of which are essential parts of the diet.
Organic
Containing carbon
Kilocalorie
Heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 liter (1000 grams) of water by 1 degree celsius
Binge Drinking
Men- 5 or more drinks in a row Women- 4 or more drinks in a row
Nutrient Classes That Provide Energy
Most carbohydrates, proteins, lipids
Essential Nutrient
Must have these characteristics: 1. One specific biological function the nutrient must be identified in the body 2. Omission of the nutrient from the diet must lead to a decline in certain biological functions 3. Replacing the omitted nutrient in the diet before permanent damage occurs will restore those biological functions
What is America's most pressing health concern?
Obesity
Satiety
State in which there is no longer a desire to eat; a feeling of satisfaction
Hunger
The primary physiological (internal) drive to find and eat food, mostly regulated by internal cues to eating.
Appetite
The primary psychological influence (external) that encourages us to find and eat food, often in the absence of obvious hunger
Nutrition
The science that links foods to health and disease. It includes the processes by which the human organism ingests, digests, absorbs, transports, and excretes food substances.
Nutrition recommendations must be...
evidence based, citing multiple lines of research
