Chapter 1- Nutrition, Food Choices, and Health

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Why is alcohol not an essential nutrient?

It serves no required function

Inorganic

Lacking carbon

Chronic

Long, standing; developing over time

Metabolism

The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.

2.54 centimeters=

1 inch

What can you expect from a healthy lifestyle and good nutrition?

1. healthy weight 2. longer, healthier lives

Micro

1/1,000,000

Centi

1/100

Milli

1/1000

Kilo

1000

1 kilogram =

2.2 pounds

Risk Factor

A term frequently used when discussing factors contributing to the development of disease

Cholesterol

A waxy lipid found in all body cells; multiple chemical ring structure; found only in foods of animal origin

Micronutrient

A nutrient needed in milligram or microgram quantities in a diet

Signs and Symptoms of Alcohol Poisoning

1. Semiconsciousness and unconsciousness 2. Slow respiration of 8 or fewer breaths per minute or lapses of breathing 8 seconds or more 3. Cold, clammy, pale, or blueish skin 4. Strong odor of alcohol

Kcal/ gram estimates

1. carbohydrate -4 2.Fat -9 3.Protein -4 4.Alcohol - 7

6 classes of essential nutrients

1. carbohydrates 2. lipids 3. proteins 4. vitamins 5. minerals 6. water

Phytochemical

A chemical found in plants. Some contribute to a reduced risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease in people who consume them regularly

Obesity

A condition characterized by excessive body fat

Cancer

A condition characterized by uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells

Hypertension

A condition in which blood pressure remains persistently elevated

Cardiovascular Disease

A general term that refers to any disease of the heart and circulatory system

Diabetes

A groups of diseases characterized by high blood glucose

Macronutrient

A nutrient needed in gram quantities in a diet

Osteoporosis

Decreased bone mass caused by aging, genetic background, and poor diet

Nutrient

Chemical substances in food that contribute to health, many of which are essential parts of the diet.

Organic

Containing carbon

Kilocalorie

Heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 liter (1000 grams) of water by 1 degree celsius

Binge Drinking

Men- 5 or more drinks in a row Women- 4 or more drinks in a row

Nutrient Classes That Provide Energy

Most carbohydrates, proteins, lipids

Essential Nutrient

Must have these characteristics: 1. One specific biological function the nutrient must be identified in the body 2. Omission of the nutrient from the diet must lead to a decline in certain biological functions 3. Replacing the omitted nutrient in the diet before permanent damage occurs will restore those biological functions

What is America's most pressing health concern?

Obesity

Satiety

State in which there is no longer a desire to eat; a feeling of satisfaction

Hunger

The primary physiological (internal) drive to find and eat food, mostly regulated by internal cues to eating.

Appetite

The primary psychological influence (external) that encourages us to find and eat food, often in the absence of obvious hunger

Nutrition

The science that links foods to health and disease. It includes the processes by which the human organism ingests, digests, absorbs, transports, and excretes food substances.

Nutrition recommendations must be...

evidence based, citing multiple lines of research


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