Chapter 1 Psych

The first two major "schools" of psychology were a. behaviorism and psychoanalysis b. functionalism and behaviorism c. structuralism and functionalism d. behaviorism and Gestalt psychology

structuralism and functionalism

Introspection was most likely to be used by which of the following types of psychologists? a. humanist b. behaviorist c. structuralist d. functionalist

structuralist

According to historians, the "birth" of psychology occurred in _____ in _____. a. 1859; England b. 1879; Germany c. 1883; the United States d. 1909; the United States

1879; Germany

Which or the following individuals is most closely aligned with the cognitive school? a. G. Stanley Hall b. Jean Piaget c. Ivan Pavlov d. Carl Rogers

Jean Piaget

Which psychologist proposed that the study of consciousness should be replaced by the study of behavior? a. John B. Watson b. Abraham Maslow c. G. Stanley Hall d. Sigmund Freud

John B. Watson

Which school of psychologists focused exclusively on studying perceptual processes? a. The humanists. b. The behaviorists. c. The Gestalt psychologists. d. The functionalists.

The Gestalt psychologists.

The person responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline with its own subject matter is a. G. Stanley Hall b. René Descartes c. William James d. Wilhelm Wundt

Wilhelm Wundt

The father of American psychology is a. Wilhelm Wundt b. Sigmund Freud c. William James d. Edward Titchener

William James

John B. Watson argued that psychologists should Selected Answer: a. use the method of introspection to establish the structural aspects of consciousness b. be concerned with the unconscious forces behind behavior c. confine their work to people who are diagnosed as mentally ill d. abandon the study of consciousness

abandon the study of consciousness

Research findings indicate that when changing answers on a multiple-choice test, most people a. change a right answer to a wrong answer b. change a wrong answer to a right answer c. change a wrong answer to another wrong answer d. change a right answer to a wrong answer and back again to the right answer

change a wrong answer to a right answer

If you were having problems with depression, which of the following kinds of psychologists would be the greatest help to you? a. a developmental psychologist b. a social psychologist c. a clinical psychologist d. an experimental psychologist

clinical psychologist

Which of the following terms refers to the mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge? a. cognition b. pedagogy c. empiricism d. introspection

cognition

Structuralism is the historical school of psychology that asserted that the purpose of psychology is to a. study behavior b. discover the smaller elements that comprise consciousness c. explore the unconscious d. examine the purposes of conscious processes

discover the smaller elements that comprise consciousness

The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior was a. functionalism b. behaviorism c. neodynamism d. psychoanalysis

functionalism

Contemporary psychologists generally assume that human behavior is determined by a. heredity b. environment c. heredity and environment acting jointly d. heredity, environment, and free will

heredity and environment acting jointly

Which theoretical viewpoint is MOST closely associated with Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow? a. cognitive approach b. humanism c. structuralism d. biological approach

humanism

A psychologist who works on trying to increase job satisfaction and productivity in a large company would MOST likely have received training in which of the following specialties? a. clinical psychology b. counseling psychology c. educational and school psychology d. industrial and organizational psychology

industrial and organizational psychology

Which of the following is MOST likely to help you get more out of lectures? a. skipping lectures on topics you find confusing; instead, relying exclusively on the textbook b. trying to write down everything the lecturer says c. avoiding the temptation to anticipate what the lecturer will say next d. paying attention to clues about what is most important

paying attention to clues about what is most important

Which position seeks to explain behavior by focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior? a. structuralism b. functionalism c. Gestalt psychology d. psychoanalytic theory

psychoanalytic theory

Within the field of psychology, Freud's ideas encountered resistance because he emphasized a. human consciousness b. human behavior c. introspection d. the unconscious

the unconscious