Chapter 1 Psych
The first two major "schools" of psychology were a. behaviorism and psychoanalysis b. functionalism and behaviorism c. structuralism and functionalism d. behaviorism and Gestalt psychology
structuralism and functionalism
Introspection was most likely to be used by which of the following types of psychologists? a. humanist b. behaviorist c. structuralist d. functionalist
structuralist
According to historians, the "birth" of psychology occurred in _____ in _____. a. 1859; England b. 1879; Germany c. 1883; the United States d. 1909; the United States
1879; Germany
Which or the following individuals is most closely aligned with the cognitive school? a. G. Stanley Hall b. Jean Piaget c. Ivan Pavlov d. Carl Rogers
Jean Piaget
Which psychologist proposed that the study of consciousness should be replaced by the study of behavior? a. John B. Watson b. Abraham Maslow c. G. Stanley Hall d. Sigmund Freud
John B. Watson
Which school of psychologists focused exclusively on studying perceptual processes? a. The humanists. b. The behaviorists. c. The Gestalt psychologists. d. The functionalists.
The Gestalt psychologists.
The person responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline with its own subject matter is a. G. Stanley Hall b. René Descartes c. William James d. Wilhelm Wundt
Wilhelm Wundt
The father of American psychology is a. Wilhelm Wundt b. Sigmund Freud c. William James d. Edward Titchener
William James
John B. Watson argued that psychologists should Selected Answer: a. use the method of introspection to establish the structural aspects of consciousness b. be concerned with the unconscious forces behind behavior c. confine their work to people who are diagnosed as mentally ill d. abandon the study of consciousness
abandon the study of consciousness
Research findings indicate that when changing answers on a multiple-choice test, most people a. change a right answer to a wrong answer b. change a wrong answer to a right answer c. change a wrong answer to another wrong answer d. change a right answer to a wrong answer and back again to the right answer
change a wrong answer to a right answer
If you were having problems with depression, which of the following kinds of psychologists would be the greatest help to you? a. a developmental psychologist b. a social psychologist c. a clinical psychologist d. an experimental psychologist
clinical psychologist
Which of the following terms refers to the mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge? a. cognition b. pedagogy c. empiricism d. introspection
cognition
Structuralism is the historical school of psychology that asserted that the purpose of psychology is to a. study behavior b. discover the smaller elements that comprise consciousness c. explore the unconscious d. examine the purposes of conscious processes
discover the smaller elements that comprise consciousness
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior was a. functionalism b. behaviorism c. neodynamism d. psychoanalysis
functionalism
Contemporary psychologists generally assume that human behavior is determined by a. heredity b. environment c. heredity and environment acting jointly d. heredity, environment, and free will
heredity and environment acting jointly
Which theoretical viewpoint is MOST closely associated with Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow? a. cognitive approach b. humanism c. structuralism d. biological approach
humanism
A psychologist who works on trying to increase job satisfaction and productivity in a large company would MOST likely have received training in which of the following specialties? a. clinical psychology b. counseling psychology c. educational and school psychology d. industrial and organizational psychology
industrial and organizational psychology
Which of the following is MOST likely to help you get more out of lectures? a. skipping lectures on topics you find confusing; instead, relying exclusively on the textbook b. trying to write down everything the lecturer says c. avoiding the temptation to anticipate what the lecturer will say next d. paying attention to clues about what is most important
paying attention to clues about what is most important
Which position seeks to explain behavior by focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior? a. structuralism b. functionalism c. Gestalt psychology d. psychoanalytic theory
psychoanalytic theory
Within the field of psychology, Freud's ideas encountered resistance because he emphasized a. human consciousness b. human behavior c. introspection d. the unconscious
the unconscious