Chapter 1 Reading Guides and Test candidate questions

A a) hypothesis b) generalization c) law d) theory is a well tested and widely accepted view that explains certain scientific observations

D

In N america young mountain belts are found a)along the east coast b)across northern Canada c)in the SE d) along the west coast

D

the a)big bang theory b)plate tectonics theory c)nebular theory d)heliocentric theory proposes that bodies of our solar system formed at essentially the same time from a rotating cloud of gases and dust

C

which is defined by its chemical composition? a)asthenosphere b)lithosphere c)crust d)transition zone

C

which of the following best describes the Earth system a) the different components of the system are totally independent from each other b) the earth system includes only the hydraulic cycle and the rock cycle c) the earth system has nearly an endless array of interconnected subsystems d)geology is the only study related to earth's system

C

a) Nero b) odysseus c) Pappagapolis d) Aristotle was the highly influential, ancient greek philosopher noted for his writings and teachings on natural philosophy and not the workings of earth

D

a)Ecospherism b)alchemy c)uniformitarianism d)catastrophism was based on a firm belief in the short geologic history of the earth

D

the a)inner core b)lithosphere c)mantle d)outer core is thought to be liquid metallic region in Earth's interior

D

the asthenosphere is actually part of the a)outer core b)crust c)inner core d)mantle

D

the composition of the core is thought to be a)basalt b)granite c)diamond d)solid iron nickel alloy

D

the continental shelf is located a)between the continental slope and the continental rise b)in the interior regions of continents c)seaward of the continental slope d) landward of the continental slope

D

The boundary between the continents and the deep ocean basin lies along the a)the continental slope b)the continental rise c) abyssal plains d)mid ocean ridge

A

active mountains belts are most likely to be found a)along the margins of continents b)in the interior regions of continents c)scattered through the continents d)along the eastern margins of continents

A

the a)crust b)outer core c)mantle d)inner core is the thinnest layer of the earth

A

the gently sloping platform that extends seaward from the shore, found along most coasts is called a)the continental shelf b)the continental slope c)the continental rise d)the continental shield

A

which of the following is considered an old mountain belt a)the appalachians b)the rockies c)the andes d)the alps

A

the convective flow of liquid,metallic iron in the outer core is thought to generate Earth's metallic field

T

Japan and phillipines are examples of active mountains regions called a)stable platforms b)island arcs c)cratons d)himalayas

B

The a)solid earth b)atrosphere c)hydrosphere d)atmosphere is not a part of the Earth's physical environment

B

moving from the shoreline toward the deep ocean basin the continental margin may include the continental shelf the continental slope and the a)continental divide b)continental decline c)continental rise

C

a place where two or more of Earth's sphere's come in contact and interact is known as a/an a) feedback mechanism b) interface c) open system d) closed system

B

compared to the age of Earth accepted as correct today, how did 17th and 18th century proponents of catastrophism envision the Earth's age a) The believed Earth to be older b) They believed Earth to be younger c) They believed it to be about the same within a few million years d) none of the above

B

the most prominent feature of the ocean floor are the a)deep ocean trenches b)oceanic ridges c)seamounts d)lava plateaus

B

unlike most of the mountains on continents which consist of highly deformed rock,mid ocean ridges are made of a)sedimentary b)igneous c)metamorphic d)stationary

B

what are the basics differences between the disciplines of physical and historical geology a)physical geology is the study of fossils and sequences of rock, historical geology is the study of the past usage of rocks and minerals b) historical geology involves the study of rock strata, fossils and geological events, physical geology includes the study of how rocks form and shaped the land surface c) They are the same d) physical geology is the study of rock strata, fossils, and deposition in relation to plate movement, historical geology charts where and how the plates moved in the past

B

which of the following cycles moves water among Earth four sphere a)rock cycle b)hydrologic cycle c)solar cycle d)volcanic cycle

B

which of the following is the correct order of earth's center outward a)core, inner mantle, outer mantle, crust b)inner core, outer core, mantle, crust c)inner core, crust, mantle, hydrosphere d)core,crust,mantle,hyrdosphere

B

The a)hydrosphere b)atmosphere c)biosphere d)athenosphere sums up all life on earth

C

The currently accepted age of Earth is years: a) 4.6K b) 6.4 Tri c) 4.6 Bi d) 6.4 million

C

a) Charles Lyell b) Isaac Newton c) James Hutton d) James Usher was an important 18th century geologist and proponent of uniformitarianism

C

which of the following is true about Earth's continents a)most of their landmass lies at elevations substantially above sea level b)most of their landmass is comprised of rocky mountains c)they are relatively flat and have an average elevations that is quite close to sea level d)they cover the vast majority of Earth's surface

C

T or F: According to the nebular hypothesis, all of the bodies in the universe evolved from a rotating cloud of gases and dust abut 5 billion years ago

F

T or F: Aristotle and other prominent Greek philosophers were the first ones to promote the doctrine of uniformitarianism

F

T or F:A scientific theory is a tentative or untested explanation that is proposed to explain scientific observations

F

The asthenosphere is a relatively cool and rigid shell that overlies the lithosperhe

F

if all the water were drained from earth's basins, only plain would remain

F

oceans cover slightly less than half the earth's surface

F

the lithosphere, asthenosphere and mesosphere are all layers of Earth refinished by their composition

F

Internally the Earth consists of spherical shells with different compositions and densities

T

a major portion of the stable platform in N America is located between the rockies and the canadian shield

T

much of our modeling of earth's interior comes from the study of seismic or earthquake waves

T

rocks found in a shield were once part of an ancient mountain system that has since been eroded away to produce an expansive flat region

T

satellite tech and depth sounding equipment have helped oceanographers map large portions of the ocean floor

T