Chapter 1

13. The large mass incarceration rate in the United States shows that ______. A. corrections efforts are failing B. corrections efforts are maintaining the status quo C. the corrections system treats all citizens equally D. the corrections system is efficient

A. corrections efforts are failing

1. Components of the criminal justice system include ______. A. criminal courts B. the bar association C. education D. security guards

A. criminal courts

12. Public opinion is shifting to a less punitive direction for ______. A. drug users B. murders C. sex offenders D. arsonists

A. drug users

8. Between 1980 and 2008, the U.S. prison population ______. A. grew at approximately 10 times the rate of the overall population B. increased in absolute numbers, but remained stable on a percentage basis C. shrank dramatically in both absolute numbers and percentages D. grew at a rate that slightly outpaced the overall population growth

A. grew at approximately 10 times the rate of the overall population

9. The corrections system in the United States ______. A. had adequate resources until 2005 B. has never had sufficient resources C. has always had adequate resources D. was underfunded until the 1970s

A. had adequate resources until 2005

3. Realignment is the process of letting ______ systems oversee more of the criminals previously supervised by ______ systems. A. local; state B. state; federal C. federal; local D. state; local

A. local; state

7. The best example of deterrence would be ______. A. publicizing a mandatory sentence for drunk driving B. teaching inmates how to do coding on computers C. decreasing the funding of crime prevention programs D. forcing a criminal to share the pain felt by their victims

A. publicizing a mandatory sentence for drunk driving

17. Currently, the scientific community is more supportive of the idea that ______. A. rehabilitation programs help reduce crime B. solitary confinement helps reform prisoners C. mass incarceration improves society D. incarceration is most effective with young prisoners

A. rehabilitation programs help reduce crime

15. ______ implies that offenders have to pay for the wrong they have done to their victims and society. A. Deterrence B. Retribution C. Incapacitation D. Rehabilitation

B. Retribution

2. A ______ is an official statement of complaint about wrong done to a person that may be filed by prisoners who are contesting the infringements of their rights. A. litmus test B. grievance C. jurisdiction D. violation

B. grievance

16. The purpose of ______ is to prevent crime by removing the offender from the community and by placing them in custody via jail or prison time. A. deterrence B. incapacitation C. retribution D. jurisdiction

B. incapacitation

11. Jail and prison populations usually come from ______. A. wealthy communities B. inner-city communities C. cities with low unemployment D. places with high educational levels

B. inner-city communities

5. In the criminal justice system, ______. A. state and local jurisdictions are of equal power B. state laws have more authority than local ones C. local laws have more authority than state ones D. state and local jurisdictions do not interact

B. state laws have more authority than local ones

10. Evan Spencer Ebel, who shot and killed a director of corrections, was released from prison ______. A. through a pardon by the man he shot B. after satisfactorily serving his full sentence without incident C. 4 years early due to mistakes in the corrections system D. several years early because of good behavior

C. 4 years early due to mistakes in the corrections system

19. Studies have shown the most beneficial overall approach to incarceration involves ______. A. locking up everyone who commits a crime B. avoiding locking up anyone C. locking up only the most violent and worst offenders D. avoiding locking up females

C. locking up only the most violent and worst offenders

18. Recently, the public has expressed a desire to see corrections actions that are based on ______. A. victims receiving the maximum amount of retribution B. removing the greatest number of troublemakers from society C. methods proven by research to be effective D. generating revenue from the criminals

C. methods proven by research to be effective

6. In corrections, the term "incapacitation" refers to ______. A. educational training B. getting revenge C. restricting freedom D. the death penalty

C. restricting freedom

14. The level of incarceration at the end of the last century ______. A. boosted public support for the penal system B. promoted respect for civil rights in the penal system C. weakened public trust of the penal system D. decreased violence within the penal system

C. weakened public trust of the penal system

4. In the U.S. legal hierarchy, which of the following is considered the highest federal court? A. circuit court B. appellate court C. family court D. U.S. Supreme Court

D. U.S. Supreme Court

20. Accelerating incarceration rates at the end of the last century led to ______. A. racial reconciliation in prisons B. fewer drug violations C. higher violent crime rates D. prison riots

D. prison riots