Chapter 1

Domain Bacteria

One of the three domains of life; contains prokaryotic cells that differ from archaea because they have their own unique genetic, biochemical, and physiological characteristics. unicellular

Individuals with cystic fibrosis produce an unusually large amount of sticky mucus which can block and/or obstruct which of the following?

Pancreatic ducts to the small intestine Lungs Liver

5 core concepts of biology

Systems Pathways and Transformations of Energy and Matter information flow structure and function evolution

classification

The process of grouping things based on their similarities

Taxonomy

The scientific study of how living things are classified

horizontal gene transfer

The transfer of genes from one genome to another through mechanisms such as transposable elements, plasmid exchange, viral activity, and perhaps fusions of different organisms.

unity and diversity of life

all living things are fundamentally similar at the molecular level

Pathways and Transformations of Energy and Matter

biological systems grow and change by processes based upon chemical transformation pathways and are governed by the laws of thermodynamics

Domain is more than species

broad

The level of biological organization studied by cell biologists is the

cell

structure and function

each major group of organisms has evolved structures that make particular functions possible

The phenomenon of populations of organisms changing from generation to generation is known as biological

evolution

The unity of modern organisms can be explained by the realization that all livings things ______ an interrelated group of ancestors.

evolved from

True or false: Species that live today are related to organisms that lived in the past but not to other currently existing species.

false

tree of life

focuses on vertical evolution

One of the principles exhibited by all forms of life is that structure determines ______, which applies to small molecules, macromolecules, and multicellular tissues and features.

function

Systems

groups of organs working together to perform complex functions

web of life

includes the contribution of horizontal gene transfer

Vertical Decent

mutation progression natural selection

In vertical evolution, new species evolve from pre-existing species by accumulation of , which are changes in the genetic message.

mutations

The first living organisms on Earth were

primitive cells.

An important part of science is the communication of results through journals and conferences and the peer-review process. These aspects of science make it a(n) ______ discipline.

social

The grouping of species for purposes of classification is called

taxonomy.

Genome

the complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism's chromosomes

Proteome

the entire set of proteins expressed by a given cell or group of cells

Science involves which of the following?

theoretical explanation observation experimental investigation

Which of the following diseases causes a build up of mucus in the lungs and pancreatic ducts to the small intestine?

Cystic fibrosis

Which of the following serves as the genetic material of all living things?

DNA

information flow

DNA -> RNA -> Protein

Giraffes were once thought to be a single species. However, a 2016 analysis of ______ concludes that there are four distinct species of giraffes.

DNA samples

How is discovery-based science conducted?

Data are collected and analyzed without a pre-conceived hypothesis.

The process of collecting and analyzing data without a preconceived hypothesis is referred to as -based science.

Discovery

Bionomenclature

Genus is = specific epithet is not entire name is italicized

gene transfer can occur when an organism acquires genetic information from another organism without being the offspring of that organism.

Horizontal

What type of gene transfer can occur between members of different species?

Horizontal gene transfer

evolutionary history

How organisms have evolved over time

What determines the function of a biological molecule?

Its structure

Life on Earth began as primitive cells about

3.5 billion years ago.

All forms of life can be placed into three domains

Bacteria Archaea Eukarya

What branch of biology focuses on the study of cells?

Cell biology

Evolution

Change over time

How do new species evolve from pre-existing species in the mechanism known as vertical evolution?

Via accumulation of mutations