Chapter 1
Domain Bacteria
One of the three domains of life; contains prokaryotic cells that differ from archaea because they have their own unique genetic, biochemical, and physiological characteristics. unicellular
Individuals with cystic fibrosis produce an unusually large amount of sticky mucus which can block and/or obstruct which of the following?
Pancreatic ducts to the small intestine Lungs Liver
5 core concepts of biology
Systems Pathways and Transformations of Energy and Matter information flow structure and function evolution
classification
The process of grouping things based on their similarities
Taxonomy
The scientific study of how living things are classified
horizontal gene transfer
The transfer of genes from one genome to another through mechanisms such as transposable elements, plasmid exchange, viral activity, and perhaps fusions of different organisms.
unity and diversity of life
all living things are fundamentally similar at the molecular level
Pathways and Transformations of Energy and Matter
biological systems grow and change by processes based upon chemical transformation pathways and are governed by the laws of thermodynamics
Domain is more than species
broad
The level of biological organization studied by cell biologists is the
cell
structure and function
each major group of organisms has evolved structures that make particular functions possible
The phenomenon of populations of organisms changing from generation to generation is known as biological
evolution
The unity of modern organisms can be explained by the realization that all livings things ______ an interrelated group of ancestors.
evolved from
True or false: Species that live today are related to organisms that lived in the past but not to other currently existing species.
false
tree of life
focuses on vertical evolution
One of the principles exhibited by all forms of life is that structure determines ______, which applies to small molecules, macromolecules, and multicellular tissues and features.
function
Systems
groups of organs working together to perform complex functions
web of life
includes the contribution of horizontal gene transfer
Vertical Decent
mutation progression natural selection
In vertical evolution, new species evolve from pre-existing species by accumulation of , which are changes in the genetic message.
mutations
The first living organisms on Earth were
primitive cells.
An important part of science is the communication of results through journals and conferences and the peer-review process. These aspects of science make it a(n) ______ discipline.
social
The grouping of species for purposes of classification is called
taxonomy.
Genome
the complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism's chromosomes
Proteome
the entire set of proteins expressed by a given cell or group of cells
Science involves which of the following?
theoretical explanation observation experimental investigation
Which of the following diseases causes a build up of mucus in the lungs and pancreatic ducts to the small intestine?
Cystic fibrosis
Which of the following serves as the genetic material of all living things?
DNA
information flow
DNA -> RNA -> Protein
Giraffes were once thought to be a single species. However, a 2016 analysis of ______ concludes that there are four distinct species of giraffes.
DNA samples
How is discovery-based science conducted?
Data are collected and analyzed without a pre-conceived hypothesis.
The process of collecting and analyzing data without a preconceived hypothesis is referred to as -based science.
Discovery
Bionomenclature
Genus is = specific epithet is not entire name is italicized
gene transfer can occur when an organism acquires genetic information from another organism without being the offspring of that organism.
Horizontal
What type of gene transfer can occur between members of different species?
Horizontal gene transfer
evolutionary history
How organisms have evolved over time
What determines the function of a biological molecule?
Its structure
Life on Earth began as primitive cells about
3.5 billion years ago.
All forms of life can be placed into three domains
Bacteria Archaea Eukarya
What branch of biology focuses on the study of cells?
Cell biology
Evolution
Change over time
How do new species evolve from pre-existing species in the mechanism known as vertical evolution?
Via accumulation of mutations