Chapter 1
The removal of wastes produced by metabolic reactions is
excretion
Which of the following processes is most important to continuation of the human species?
Reproduction
What organ system would include the heart and blood vessels?
cardiovascular
Assimilation is
changing absorbed substances into different chemical forms.
cell death first occurs
in the fetus
If a boy was standing on his head, his mouth would be ___ to his nose.
inferior
The origin of the term "anatomy" is related to
the Greek word for "cutting up."
In all organisms, the basic unit of structure and function is
the cell
Simple squamous epithelium is an example of a(n)
tissue
Specialized cell types organized in a way that provides a specific function form
tissues, which build organs
Positive feedback mechanisms usually produce
unstable conditions
The membrane on the surface of a lung is called the
visceral pleura
Magnetic resonance imaging might be used to
do all of the above
What ovarian hormone is involved in a positive feedback loop with the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary?
estrogen
Which action is the main function of the digestive system?
Absorption of nutrients
Metabolism is defined as:
All the chemical reactions in an organism that support life
Which of the following characteristics of life and their descriptions are correct?
Circulation—the movement of substances in body fluids
Most of the terminology to name and describe body parts and their functions comes from
Latin and Greek
What organ system is responsible for coordination and integration of bodily functions as well as detecting changes inside and outside the body?
Nervous
Match the organ system with the category of function it provides.
Support and movement- Skeletal and muscular Integration and coordination- nervous and endocrine Body covering- integumentary Absorption and excretion- Digestive, Respiratory, Urinary Transport- cardio, lymphatic Reproduction- reproduction
An obstetrician tells a 42-year-old patient that she can have a healthy baby, but that she is of "advanced maternal age." The patient is so upset that she fails to listen to the rest of the doctor's advice, goes home in a huff, and immediately dyes her hair, buys a miniskirt, and signs up for botox injections to smooth the tiny lines near her eyes. She is misinterpreting the doctor's statement because it referred to
The age of her eggs.
Complete the sentences describing the importance of homeostasis.
The internal environment is inside the body and the external is outside the body.Our cells keep the internal environment relatively constant despite the changing external environment.The body's maintenance of a stable internal environment is called homeostasis.Homeostasis requires most of our metabolic energy.
Which of the following organs is in the abdominopelvic cavity?
The liver
What is the definition of homeostasis?
The maintenance of a stable internal environment
A negative feedback loop is a process in which the body senses a change and activates mechanisms to reverse that change.
True
A positive feedback loop causes a self-amplifying cycle in which a physiological change leads to even greater change in the same direction.
True
A blood clot stimulating further clotting is an example of
a positive feedback mechanism
Metabolism is defined as _____.
all the chemical reactions occurring in an organism that support life
What hormone is released by the anterior pituitary as a part of that positive feedback loop between anterior pituitary and the ovary?
luteinizing hormone
Positive feedback mechanisms
move conditions away from the normal state.
The activities of an anatomist consist of ______, whereas those of a physiologist consist of _____.
observing body parts; studying functions of body parts
Anatomy and physiology are difficult to separate because
physiological functions depend on anatomical structures
An investigator who conducts an experiment to determine how temperature changes affect the rate at which the heart beats is most likely a(n)
physiologist
What hormone is released by the corpus luteum in the ovary after ovulation and causes a negative feedback loop with the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary?
progesterone
Which of the following processes does not help to maintain the life of an individual organism?
reproduction
The ability of an organism to sense and react to changes in its body illustrates
responsiveness
An anatomical section that separates the body into right and left portions is a __________ section
sagittal
Ultrasonography is most useful for diagnostic examination of
soft internal structures, such as fetuses
The anatomical term that indicates a structure close to the surface is
superficial
