Chapter 1

The removal of wastes produced by metabolic reactions is

excretion

Which of the following processes is most important to continuation of the human species?

Reproduction

What organ system would include the heart and blood vessels?

cardiovascular

Assimilation is

changing absorbed substances into different chemical forms.

cell death first occurs

in the fetus

If a boy was standing on his head, his mouth would be ___ to his nose.

inferior

The origin of the term "anatomy" is related to

the Greek word for "cutting up."

In all organisms, the basic unit of structure and function is

the cell

Simple squamous epithelium is an example of a(n)

tissue

Specialized cell types organized in a way that provides a specific function form

tissues, which build organs

Positive feedback mechanisms usually produce

unstable conditions

The membrane on the surface of a lung is called the

visceral pleura

Magnetic resonance imaging might be used to

do all of the above

What ovarian hormone is involved in a positive feedback loop with the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary?

estrogen

Which action is the main function of the digestive system?

Absorption of nutrients

Metabolism is defined as:

All the chemical reactions in an organism that support life

Which of the following characteristics of life and their descriptions are correct?

Circulation—the movement of substances in body fluids

Most of the terminology to name and describe body parts and their functions comes from

Latin and Greek

What organ system is responsible for coordination and integration of bodily functions as well as detecting changes inside and outside the body?

Nervous

Match the organ system with the category of function it provides.

Support and movement- Skeletal and muscular Integration and coordination- nervous and endocrine Body covering- integumentary Absorption and excretion- Digestive, Respiratory, Urinary Transport- cardio, lymphatic Reproduction- reproduction

An obstetrician tells a 42-year-old patient that she can have a healthy baby, but that she is of "advanced maternal age." The patient is so upset that she fails to listen to the rest of the doctor's advice, goes home in a huff, and immediately dyes her hair, buys a miniskirt, and signs up for botox injections to smooth the tiny lines near her eyes. She is misinterpreting the doctor's statement because it referred to

The age of her eggs.

Complete the sentences describing the importance of homeostasis.

The internal environment is inside the body and the external is outside the body.Our cells keep the internal environment relatively constant despite the changing external environment.The body's maintenance of a stable internal environment is called homeostasis.Homeostasis requires most of our metabolic energy.

Which of the following organs is in the abdominopelvic cavity?

The liver

What is the definition of homeostasis?

The maintenance of a stable internal environment

A negative feedback loop is a process in which the body senses a change and activates mechanisms to reverse that change.

True

A positive feedback loop causes a self-amplifying cycle in which a physiological change leads to even greater change in the same direction.

True

A blood clot stimulating further clotting is an example of

a positive feedback mechanism

Metabolism is defined as _____.

all the chemical reactions occurring in an organism that support life

What hormone is released by the anterior pituitary as a part of that positive feedback loop between anterior pituitary and the ovary?

luteinizing hormone

Positive feedback mechanisms

move conditions away from the normal state.

The activities of an anatomist consist of ______, whereas those of a physiologist consist of _____.

observing body parts; studying functions of body parts

Anatomy and physiology are difficult to separate because

physiological functions depend on anatomical structures

An investigator who conducts an experiment to determine how temperature changes affect the rate at which the heart beats is most likely a(n)

physiologist

What hormone is released by the corpus luteum in the ovary after ovulation and causes a negative feedback loop with the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary?

progesterone

Which of the following processes does not help to maintain the life of an individual organism?

reproduction

The ability of an organism to sense and react to changes in its body illustrates

responsiveness

An anatomical section that separates the body into right and left portions is a __________ section

sagittal

Ultrasonography is most useful for diagnostic examination of

soft internal structures, such as fetuses

The anatomical term that indicates a structure close to the surface is

superficial