Chapter 10-11 Chemistry Review
Why do solids have a definite shape?
Because the molecules in a solid are in fixed positions and are close together. Also, since they can't move from one part of the solid to another part, solids do not easily change their shape or volume
Combined gas law
Expresses the relationship between pressure volume and temperature of a fixed amount of gas
What is gas diffusion and expansion?
Gas diffusion is when gases spread out and mix with one another (the spontaneous mixing of the particles of to substances caused by their random motion. Expansion is when gases completely fill any container in which they are enclosed in and then take the shape of since gases don't have a definite shape or volume.
What is the purpose of the KMT?
It is used to explain the characteristics of solids, liquids, and gases
What causes the different phase changes?
Melting, freezing, condensation, evaporation, and sublimation
What are pressure and its units?
Pressure is the force exerted per unit area of a surface and its unit are atm, kPa, torr, mmHg, InHg, and Psi
How do Ideal gases and Real gases differ?
Real gases have small attractive and repulsive forces between particles and ideal gases do not. Real gas particles have a volume and ideal gases do not. Ideal gases= perfectly fits all assumptions of the KMT Real Gases= does not behave completely according to the KMT
How are liquids and solids similar/different?
Similar= Both have a definite volume Different= •particles of a solid are more closely packed together than those of a liquid •Solids are more ordered than liquids •Intermolecular forces are more effective in solids •Solids are more dense than liquids •Solids maintain definite shape while liquids need container
What are the values of STP?
Standard Temperature and Pressure. Temperature= 273 K Pressure= 1 atm
Avogadro's law
States that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules
Gay lussac's law
States that the pressure of a fixed mass of a gas at constant volume varies directly with the Kelvin temperature
Charle''s law
States that the volume of a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure varies directly with the Kelvin temperature
Boyle''s law
States that the volume of a fixed mass of gas varies inversely with the pressure at constant temperature
Ideal gas law
The mathematical relationship among pressure volume temperature and the number of moles of a gas
What is the difference between Crystalline solids and Amorphous Solids?
Unlike crystalline solids, amorphous solids are not arranged in a regular pattern Crystalline Solids= Repeating pattern Amorphous Solids= Random pattern
What is an elastic collision?
it is a collision between ideally elastic bodies in which the final and initial kinetic energies are the same
What does KMT say about particle movement in the different phases of matter?
states that particles are in constant, random motion and that the particles of gas are very far apart relative to their size
Real gases are most like Ideal gases when
under pressure and high temperature
What are the equations for all the gas laws?
•Boyles Law= P1V1= P2V2 •Charles Law= V1/T1= V2/T2 •Gay-Lussacs Law= P1/T1= P2/T2 •Combined Gas Law= P1V1/T1= P2V2/T2 •Ideal Gas Law= PV=nRT
