chapter 10
Match each stage of syphilis with its description. primary secondary tertiary
A chancre appears 10 to 90 days after the infection A rash on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet Permanent brain damage with dementia
gastrin HCl pepsinogen pepsin intrinsic factor mucus
A hormone that stimulates gastric motility and secretion Acid that converts pepsinogen to pepsin, activates gastric lipase, and breaks down tough tissue in ingested food Inactive form of pepsin secreted by chief cells Active enzyme that starts protein digestion Binds vitamin B12 so that it can be absorbed in the small intestines Lubricates and protects the lining of the stomach
prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
A protein produced by cells of the prostate gland. A blood test for higher levels (of PSA) screens for prostate cancer
What is the abbreviation for cerebrovascular accident?
CVA
motile
Capable of movement
What type of seizure is triggered by a fever in infants and toddlers?
Febrile
estrogen
Female sex hormone
What is an intestinal disorder that presents with chronic abdominal pain, bloating, and either diarrhea or constipation (or alternating bouts of both)?
Irritable bowel syndrome
What structure(s) lie(s) immediately internal to the labia majora?
Labia minora
stress urge functional total
Loss of urine during laughing or coughing Sudden intense desire to urinate followed by a loss of urine Inability to control urine due to physical or mental impairment Continuous leakage of urine, occurring during the day and night
smegma
Lubricating fluid secreted by glands of the foreskin. contains lipids, cells, debris, and some natural antibiotics.
Identify common sites of metastasis of oral cancer.
Lymph nodes Bones Lungs
Nucleolus
Makes ribosomes. manufactures proteins from simple materials, process called anabolism
If a mother has gonorrhea, her newborn baby will receive ______.
antibiotic eyedrops
greek term for ulcer
aphthous
The terms ________ and _______are terms that refer to oral ulcers / sores
aphthous canker
The most common cause of acute pain in the right lower abdominal quadrant is
appendicitis
the most common cause of acute pain in the right lower abdomen quadrant is
appendicitis
The groin is the ______.
area between the thigh and the abdomen
vestibule
area enclosed by labia minora. contains urinary and vaginal openings
A congenital defect is a condition occurring
at birth.
An ischemic stroke can be caused by ___________.
atherosclerosis embolism
Molecules are composed of
atoms
The congenital absence of a normal opening or lumen is termed ____________.
atresia
A disorder with severely abnormal social and communication skills is called ______.
autism
The Greek term for self is ______.
autism
The visceral motor subdivision of the nervous system is also called the ___________.
autonomic nervous system
two types of processes in neuron
axons and dendrites
A condition of having no sperm in the semen is ______.
azoospermia
Phimosis can lead to ______.
balanitis
Humoral defense mechanisms
based on antibodies. these are found in body fluids and bind to bacteria, toxins, and extracellular viruses, tagging them for destruction.
Cellular defense mechanisms
based on defensive cells (lymphocytes). These directly attack suspicious cells like cancer cells, transplanted tissue cells, or cells infected with viruses or parasites.
What is enuresis?
bed wetting
The suffix in menarche means ______.
beginning
noncancerous
benign
BEP
benign enlargement of the prostate
BPH
benign prostatic hyperplasia; benign prostatic hypertrophy
Where is the vagina located?
between rectum and urethra
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is used to diagnose and treat problems of the
bilary ductal system
the cystic duct from the gallbladder joins with the heptic duct to form the common bile duct. this duct system moves bile from the liver to the duodenum, is called the
binary tract
Ovarian cysts are generally benign unless they ______.
bleed twist rupture
Histamine 2 Receptor Antagonists
block the production of stomach acid
Hemodialysis filters ______ through an artificial kidney machine.
blood
The hormones insulin and glucagon are secreted into the _____.
blood
hormones secreting insulin and glucagon are decreased into the
blood
A radiation treatment that can be used to treat prostate cancer is ______.
brachytherapy
What part of the brain is located at the base and controls vital cardiovascular and respiratory activities?
brainstem
Kidney stones are usually composed of the minerals ______.
calcium oxalate uric acid
The Latin term for crab is ______.
canker
canker sore cold sore thrush stomatitis
mouth ulcer fever blister, caused by herpes simplex I virus fungal infection with Candida albicans general term for any infection of the mouth
alimentary canal
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
propulsion
movement of food through the alimentary canal
The term that descries involuntary falling asleep is ______.
narcolepsy
hepatic
pertaining to the liver
Use of light in treatment is called
phototherapy
The thin layer of gray matter that covers the cerebral hemispheres is the ______.
cortex
Vulvocandidiasis
cottage cheese vaginal discharge. caused by overgrowth of yeast fungus Candida
functions of the uterus
cradle and nourish the fetus from conception to birth to produce a womens period
the repair of bone defect in the skull
cranioplasty
An incurable inflammatory bowel disease that causes abdominal pain, diarrhea, and sometimes weight loss is
crohn disease
An instrument used to view the inside of the urinary bladder is a(n) ______.
cystoscope
An altered mental state that is characterized by the sudden onset of disorientation, an inability to think clearly or pay attention, is ______.
delirium
Electroconvulsive therapy is used in severe ______ that has not responded to other treatment.
depression
The word "small" in the term small intestines refers to this organ's
diameter
The prefix in the term dysphagia means
difficulty
The exocrine secretions of the pancreas are
digestive enzymes.
function of vagina
discharge menstrual fluid delivery baby receive penis and semen
An agent that increases urine output is a(n) ______.
diuretic
when diverticula become inflamed and infected, it's called
diverticulitis
uterine prolapse
downward displacement of the uterus into the vagina
Patent _________ arteriosus is the failure of a blood vessel that connects the aorta and pulmonary artery to close.
ductus
Beginning at the top, place in order the sites in the path that sperm follow to be ejaculated.
ductus ejaculatory duct urethra
The tube that receives sperm from the epididymis is the ______.
ductus deferens
bleeding from the small intestine is usually caused by
duodenal ulcer
the gallbladder stores, secretes, and concentrated bile into to _____________ during digestion
duodenum
Three parts of the small intestine
duodenum - receives chyme from the stomach jejunum - primary region for chemical digestion ileum - ends ileocecal valve, a sphincter that controls enters into the large intestine
The medical term that describes a painful or difficult menstrual period is ______.
dysmenorrhea
A general term for upset stomach with pain, bloating, and nausea is _____.
dyspepsia
The term __________ means abnormal tissue formation.
dysplasia
A patient complaining of difficulty breathing has the diagnosis .
dyspnea
Inflammation of brain cells and tissues is called ______.
encephalitis
endometriosis
endometrial tissue located outside the uterus on urine tubes, ovaries, and pelvic peritoneum
an instrument used to examine the lumen of a hollow organ is an
endoscope
The procedure that utilizes an approach through the inside of the nose to remove pituitary tumors is called ______.
endoscopic pituitary surgery
Involuntary micturation during sleep is called ______.
enuresis
The suffix in the term lactase tells the reader that it is a(n) _______ and not sugar
enzyme
What is a chronic disorder in which clusters of neurons (nerve cells) discharge their electrical signals in an abnormal rhythm that causes a seizure or convulsion?
epilepsy
A congenital defect in which the urethra is on the dorsum of the penis is termed ______.
epispadias
Something that is capable of being distended with blood is described as being a(n) ______ agent.
erectile
A synonym for impotence is ______.
erectile dysfunction
Dysphagia can occur after a stroke, but it is also a symptom of ______.
esophageal cancer
The constriction at the lower end of the esophagus is called the
esophageal sphincter
The muscular tube that transports a bolus of food from the pharynx to the stomach is the
esophagus
Which of the following is NOT a function of the digestive system? elimination ingestion absorption mechanical digestion chemical digestion excretion
excretion
uterine (fallopian) tubes
extends from the uterus and opens to the abdominal cavity near each ovary. functions are to enable sperm and eggs to meet and fertilize
genitalia
external and internal organs of reproduction
The medical term genitalia means ______.
external and internal organs of reproduction.
Agenesis is defined as
failure to develop an organ or any part.
Lipase is an enzyme that digests triglyceride molecules into
fatty acids and monoglycerides.
The human organism from the end of the eight week after conception to birth a(n) _______.
fetus
The ______. is the side of the body between the pelvis and the ribs.
flank
lymphatic capillaries converge to
form
regions of the uterus
fundus body cervix
inflammation of the stomach lining
gastritis
The testes, penis, and scrotum are considered external _____.
genitalia
A condition caused by poor placental function that prevents the fetus from growing at the normal rate is termed small for __________ age.
gestational
the endocrine secretions of the pancreas
glucagon insulin hormones
The medical term for glucose in the urine is ______.
glycosuria
The previous name for generalized tonic-clonic seizure is ______.
grand mal
What are the ridges on the surface of the cerebrum called?
gyri
Septal defects occur when the baby is born with an "hole" in the ____.
heart
A patient with chronic renal failure often requires ______ to stay alive.
hemodialysis
A(n) ____________ stroke is an intracranial hemorrhage.
hemorrhagic
Simple sugars that are absorbed into the capillaries of the intestinal villi are transported to the liver in the
hepatic portal vein.
The condition of cystocele is described as ______.
hernia of the urinary bladder into the anterior vaginal wall
An intervertebral disc can move out of place (______) or break open from injury or strain.
herniate
Another term that means respiratory distress syndrome is ____________.
hyaline membrane disease
Enlargement of the brain due to excessive cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles is termed .
hydrocephalus
A condition of a dilated renal pelvis and calyces is ______.
hydronephrosis
Loop diuretics and thiazides have the side effect of ______.
hypokalemia
Where do kidney stones begin formation?
in the pelvis of the kidney
physical defense mechanisms
include your skin and mucus membranes; chemicals present in your saliva, perspiration, and tears; hairs in your nostrils; and cilia and mucus to protect your lungs.
balantis
inflammation of the glans penis with bacteria and yeast
What is nephritis?
inflammation of the kidney
Methods to close a patent ductus arteriosus include
inserting a plug. medication. surgically tying.
The prefix in the terms endoscope and endoscopy means
inside or within.
A kidney condition that can occur as a side effect to taking NSAIDs is ______.
interstitial nephritis
Treatment for meconium aspiration is
intubation and suction.
Meconium aspiration syndrome
is the breathing in of the fetus's first bowel movement. can occur with fetal distress
A person that is incontinent ______.
is unable to control the flow of urine
What are the types of stroke?
ischemic and hemorrhagic
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver causing
jaundice
The function of surfactant is to ______.
keep the alveoli open
enzyme that digests lactose
lactase
Fatty acids and monoglycerides are taken up by ________ (lymphatic vessels) in the _________
lacteals villi
If you do not produce sufficient amounts of the enzyme lactase, you may develop
lactose intolerance
If you do not produce sufficient amounts of the enzyme lactase, you may develop .
lactose intolerance
The procedure that uses a thin, lighted tube inserted through an incision in the abdominal wall to examine abdominopelvic organs is called
laparoscopy
nucleus
largest organelle. directs all cells activities
lymphatic capillaries
let interstitial fluid enter so it can become a lymph.
The term that means sex drive is ______.
libido
three groups of digestive enzymes LAP
lipases - digests fats amylase - digest carbohydrates protease- digests proteins
largest internal organ in the body
liver
cecum
located at the beginning of the large intestine. a narrow tube with a closed end (the vermiform appendix) projects downward from the cecum. function is not known
Lasix is a type of ______ diuretic.
loop
the lymphatic network begins with
lymphatic capillaries that are closed ended tubes nestled among blood capillary networks.
Cellular defense of the body against pathogens is mediated by ______, which directly attack the foreign invaders.
lymphocytes
functions of a zygote
manufacture of proteins and lipids production and use of cell energy communication with other cells replication of deoxyribonucleic acid reproduction of itself
functions of the liver
manufactures bile removes bilirubin from bloodstream stores excess sugar manufactures blood proteins
Endoplasmic Reticulum
manufactures steroids, cholesterol, and other lipids.
The mechanical digestion that occurs in the mouth is called
mastication
pH specific gravity leukocyte esterase ketones
measures how acidic or alkaline the urine is measures how dilute or concentrate the urine is indicates the presence of white blood cells present in the urine in diabetic ketoacidosis
The external opening of a passage is a(n) ______.
meatus
inflammation of the meninges
meningitis
Symptoms of uterine fibroids in one out of four women include ______.
menorrhagia lower back pain
The act of expelling urine is ______.
micturition
Organelles are composed of
molecules
Which function of the nervous system stimulates the skeletal muscles to contract?
motor output
chemical digestion first occurs in the
mouth
A kidney disease that entails many fluid-filled sacs is ______.
polycystic
Masses of tissue arising from the large intestine's wall that can be benign, precancerous, or cancerous are called
polyps
The term meconium is Greek for a little
poppy
Conditions that may prevent a neonate from growing fully in utero include
premature labor. inadequate nutrition.
function of progesterone
prepare the lining of the uterus for implantation of the egg inhibit lactation during pregnancy produce menstrual bleeding if pregnancy does not occur
Contraception
prevention of pregnancy methods include barrier methods behavioral methods - rhythm barrier methods - condoms diaphragms - cervical caps that cover cervix spermicidal foams and gels - 25% fail rate IUDs - plastic device fro 1-4 years hormonal methods oral contraceptives - birth control 5% fail rate estrogen patches - deliver hormones through skin fail rate below 1% injected progestin - injection every 3 months. fail rate below 1% implanted progestins - inserted under skin work up to 5 years. fail rate below 1% morning after pill - like plan B, 72 hours after intercourse, 10% fail rate mifepristone - miscarriage
function of ovaries
produce eggs release eggs secrete hormones
cervical cancer
produces no symptoms early on
Supine is the opposite of
prone
PSA is an abbreviation that stands for __-specific antigen.
prostate
Difficulties associated with urination due to BPH are caused by ______.
prostatic compression of the urethra
hiatal hernia
protrusion of a part of the stomach upward through the opening in the diaphragm
The ring of smooth muscle that regulates passage of chyme from the stomach to the duodenum is the .
pyloric sphincter
another term associated with high fever
pyrexia
In order to determine if blood flow to the kidneys is adequate, a radiologist would order a(n) ______.
renal angiogram
the nasal cavity, trachea, and bronchi, lungs are part of what system
respiratory
Oliguria
scanty urination
Which organs are part of the secondary sex organs?
scrotum urethra penis
The term gonad is Greek for ______.
seed
An opening in the wall separating the right and left side of the heart is a(n) defect.
septal
The most common location for colon and rectal cancers are the ___________ colon and the ________
sigmoid rectum
clitoris
small erectile organ capped with glans
Most protein digestion occurs in the
small intestine
Crohn disease is an incurable inflammatory disease that affects the
small intestine and part of the large intestine.
papillae
small rough elevations on tongue and roof of mouth; contain taste buds
prepuce produces
smegma
Functions of the lymphatic system
1. absorb excess interstitial fluid and return it to the bloodstream. 2. remove foreign cIMAGEhemicals, cells, and debris from the tissues. 3. absorb dietary lipids from the small intestines.
three components of the lymphatic system
1. lymphatic vessels 2. lymph 3. lymph nodes
Normally, a person has ______ ureter(s).
2
How many pairs of spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord?
31
How long after primary syphilis, does secondary syphilis occur?
4 to 10 weeks
how many woman have at least one yeast infection in their lifetime
75%
How much of the brain does the cerebrum make up?
80%
Saliva is how much water?
95%
organelles
A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell
anencephaly microcephaly encephalocele hydrocephalus
Absence of the cerebral hemispheres Small cerebral hemispheres Protrusion of nervous tissue and meninges through a defect in the skull Excessive cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain
sensory division motor division visceral motor division somatic motor division
Afferent nerves carry messages toward the spinal cord and brain from sense organs Efferent nerves carry messages away from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs Also called the autonomic nervous system, carries signals to glands and to cardiac and smooth muscle Carries signals to the skeletal muscles and is within voluntary control
What is the medical term that describes the absence or cessation of a normal menstrual period?
Amenorrhea
______ is an absence of cerebral hemispheres and is incompatible with life.
Anencephaly
_____ spectrum disorder is a range of complex developmental disorders characterized by communication difficulties, impaired social interaction, and rigid or repetitive patterns of behavior.
Autism
What type of facial nerve disorder is characterized by a sudden weakness or paralysis of muscles on one side of the face?
Bell palsy
Where is the liver located?
Below the ribs on the right, under the diaphragm
Which of the following is a condition of the prostate that is not malignant?
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Angiography uses contrast dye to highlight which structure(s)?
Blood vessels
Parkinson disease Creutzfeld-Jakob disease encephalitis brain abscess
Caused by degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia that produce a neurotransmitter called dopamine Produces rapid deterioration of mental function with difficulty in muscle movement coordination An inflammation of the parenchyma (tissue) of the brain, often caused by a virus Usually a direct spread of infection from sinusitis, otitis media, or mastoiditis
What is located in the most posterior area of the brain and coordinates skeletal muscle activity to maintain the body's posture and balance?
Cerebellum
What does the abbreviation CSF stand for?
Cerebrospinal fluid
What are some conditions that could cause dementia?
Certain types of infections Depression in the elderly Reactions to medications
Which of the following disorders is caused by a virus? cold sores dental caries canker sores thrush
Cold sores
dental plaque dental caries pyorrhea gingivitis periodontitis
Collection of microorganisms on the teeth Tooth decay and cavity formation Infection of gums with pus-like discharge Infection of the gums Gums pull away from the teeth, forming pockets that become infected
CT scan EEG LP MRI PET scan
Computed tomography Electroencephalography Lumbar puncture Magnetic resonance imaging Positron emission tomography
What type of head injury may leave you feeling dazed, confused, or unable to recall the event that caused your injury?
Concussion
All of the following disorders can lead to malabsorption of nutrients EXCEPT which?
Constipation
Gastroenteritis can be caused by what?
Contaminated food Bacteria Viruses
What is the function of the prepuce?
Cover and protect the glans
lithotripsy lithotripter
Crushing stones by soundwaves Instrument that creates sound waves to crush stones
secondary male sex characteristics
Deep voice, Facial hair, Body hair, Increased body size
What are two things that are absorbed by the lymphatic system?
Dietary lipids from the intestines Excess interstitial fluid
Which of the following is NOT an imaging technique used to diagnose GI tract disorders?
Digital rectal exam
AIDS HSV2 STD TB
Disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus Causes genital herpes simplex A category of diseases that are transmitted during sexual activity An opportunistic infection of the lungs
agent that increases urine output
Diuretic
antidiarrheal antiemetic antihistamine laxative cannabinoid
Drug that prevents abnormally frequent and loose stools. Agent that prevents vomiting. Drug that can be used to treat allergic symptoms or prevent vomiting. An oral agent that promotes the expulsion of feces. A group of chemical compounds, some of which increase appetite and others treat nausea and vomiting.
BRCA
Either of two tumor suppressor genes (BRCA1 and BRCA2) that in mutated form tend to be associated with an increased risk of certain cancers and especially breast and ovarian cancers
Which is a function of the penis.
Enable flow of urine to the outside of the body
hyperplasia hypertrophy
Increase in the number of cells in a tissue or an organ Increase in the size of the cells in in a tissue or organ.
balanitis phimosis paraphimosis
Infection of the glans and foreskin with bacteria or yeast Foreskin is unable to be retracted over the glans Retracted foreskin cannot be pulled forward over the glans
urethritis pyelitis cystitis pyelonephritis
Infection of the tube that carries urine to the outside of the body Inflammation of the renal pelvis Inflammation of the sac that holds urine Inflammation of renal parenchyma, calyces, and pelvix
UTI PKD CKD ARF
Infection of the urinary tract Large fluid-filled cysts press on the kidney, affecting its function Gradual loss of kidney function Kidneys suddenly stop functioning properly
gastritis vomiting peptic ulcer gastric cancer
Inflammation of the stomach lining Forceful ejection of stomach contents upward Erosion of the stomach and/or duodenal lining caused by H. pylori bacterium Malignancy of the stomach
urethritis urethral stricture hypospadias epispadias
Inflammation of the urethra Narrowing of the urethra Opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis Opening of the urethra is on the dorsum of the penis
intravenous pyelogram retrograde pyelogram voiding cystourethrogram
Injection of contrast media into the blood so that the urinary tract can be visualized. Injection of contrast media into the ureters and kidneys to determine if kidney stones are present. Contrast media is injected into the bladder and x-rays are taken when the patient urinates.
carpal tunnel syndrome ulnar nerve palsy peroneal nerve palsy
Median nerve at the wrist is compressed between the wrist bones and a strong overlying ligament Results from nerve damage as the forearm's ulnar nerve crosses close to the surface over the humerus at the back of the elbow Arises from nerve damage as the peroneal or lower leg bone nerve passes close to the surface near the back of the knee
What contagious disorder of the meninges is commonly passed among college students?
Meningitis
______ disorders include psychosis, schizophrenia, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, personality disorders, substance abuse, and chemical dependence.
Mental health
What appear gray and create the gray matter of the brain?
Neuron cell bodies Dendrites Synapses
Which of the following is an inherited kidney disease?
Polycystic kidney disease
senile dementia Alzheimer disease vascular dementia frontotemporal dementia
Not a normal part of aging and not a specific disease; it is a term used for a collection of symptoms that can be caused by a number of disorders affecting the brain The most common form of dementia; nerve cells in the areas of the brain associated with memory and cognition are replaced by abnormal protein clumps and tangles The second most common form of dementia; it can come on gradually when arteries supplying the brain become arteriosclerotic, depriving the brain of oxygen Caused by progressive cell degeneration in the brain's frontal and temporal lobes, which control planning and judgment, emotions, speaking and understanding speech, and certain types of movement
______ is a surgical procedure to move an undescended testicle.
Orchiopexy
The abbreviation that describes the failure of a vessel that connects the aorta to the pulmonary artery to close is ____________.
PDA
A possible indicator for the presence of prostate cancer is an elevated ______ level.
PSA
What is a digital rectal exam (DRE)?
Palpation of the rectum and prostate gland with a gloved finger
dentists periodontists gastroenterologists proctologists dietitian nutritionists
Practitioners in the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the oral-facial complex Specialists in disorders of the tissues surrounding the teeth Physicians specializing in diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the stomach and intestines Physicians specializing in diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the rectum and anus Managers of food services who promote healthy eating Professionals who prevent and treat illness by promoting healthy eating
Identify the external structures of the penis.
Prepuce Glans Shaft
Select the correct statements about health professionals involved in gastrointestinal diagnosis and treatment.
Proctologists treat lower GI problems. Gastroenterologists treat disorders of the stomach and intestines. The role that dietitians and nutritionists have in common is promoting healthy eating habits.
Identify the functions of progesterone.
Produce menses in absence of pregnancy Prepare the uterus for pregnancy Prevent lactation during pregnancy
Name the gland that surrounds the urethra and emits fluid to help move sperm.
Prostate gland
Which of the following substances are tested for in a routine urinalysis? Protein Cancer Ketones Bacteria Odor
Protein Ketones Odor
ostomy stoma ileostomy colostomy
Resected end of the bowel opens onto the skin at a stoma Opening in the skin where the resected bowel opens Ileum is resected and an ostomy is created Part of the large intestine is resected and an ostomy is created
The abbreviation that is used to describe a neonate that is below the 10th percentile of babies of the same gestational age is ____________.
SGA
What does the nervous system control without active input?
Saliva Digestive enzymes Sweat production
Identify the functions of the ovaries.
Secrete hormones Release eggs
What is the most frequent cause of TIAs?
Small embolus
What division of the peripheral nervous system arouses the body for action by increasing the heart and respiratory rates to increase oxygen supply to the brain and muscles?
Sympathetic
Which of the following are functions of the liver?
Synthesis of plasma proteins Detoxification of alcohol and drugs Bile synthesis and secretion Storage of glucose as glycogen
BPH can be treated surgically by ______.
TURP
The tube that leads from the mouth to the anus is the
alimentary canal.
Hypersenstitivity to a particular allergen is a(n) ______.
allergy
What is a symptom of polyneuropathy?
Tingling sensations Numbness Weakness
common bile duct hepatic duct cystic duct
Union of the cystic duct and hepatic duct Transports bile from the liver Transports bile from the gallbladder
organs that make up KUB
Ureters Kidneys Bladder
Which nutrient cannot be absorbed without intrinsic factor?
Vitamin B12
ileoccecal sphincter
allows chyme to pass into the large intestine and prevents the large intestines contents from backing into the ileum
mons pubis
a mound of skin and adipose tissue overlying the symphysis pubis
labia minora
a pair of thin folds of hairless skin immediately internal to the labia majora. joins together to form the prepuce of the clitoris
labia majora
a pair of think folds of skin, connective tissue and adipose tissue
encephalocele
a protrusion of nervous tissue and meninges through a defect in the brain.
Bilirubin
a rust colored pigment
The treatment for gonorrhea is ______.
a single dose of antibiotic
The prostate, seminal vesicles, and bulbourethral gland are ______ glands.
accessory
Progesterone is produced by ______.
adrenal glands ovary's corpus luteum
The term that means pertaining to the cecum is _____.
cecal
An autoimmune disorder in which gluten must be avoided is
celiac disease
Tissues are composed of
cells
The root word for little brain is ______.
cerebell
Three major regions of the brain
cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem
A female patient is infected with HPV which can lead to cancer. With this type of infection, which type of cancer usually occurs first?
cervical
Enzymes are proteins that are involved in the process of
chemical digestion
A kidney disorder that occurs in diabetic neuropathy is ______.
chronic glomerulonephritis
The fatty lymph that is transported from the lymphatic lacteals is called .
chyle
A chronic, irreversible liver disease in which normal cells are replaced with fibrous scar tissue is _____.
cirrhosis
Stimulants that increase nervous system activity include ______.
cocaine caffeine
The epididymis is the ______.
coiled tube attached to the testis.
Paraphimosis
condition in which a retracted prepuce cannot be pulled forward to cover the glans
A mental state in which environmental stimuli are not processed appropriately is called ______.
confusion
one role of hydrochloric acid in the stomach i is to break down
connective tissue in meat and plant cell walls
One role of hydrochloric acid in the stomach is to break down
connective tissue in meat and plant cell walls.
All of the following disorders can lead to malabsorption of nutrients EXCEPT which? Lactose intolerance Crohn disease Constipation Celiac disease
constipation
Cerebellum
controls fine motor skills.
A spinal cord can be ______ by a sudden, violent jolt to the spine.
contused
function of estrogen
convert girls into sexually mature women through thelarche, pubarch, and menarch ] regulate menstrual cycle be involved in pregnancy
The term that means part of a structure is ______.
corpus
procedure used to detect upper GI bleeding
nasogastric aspiration
The procedure for the removal of a kidney is a(n) ______.
nephrectomy
A malignant childhood kidney tumor is called a(n) ______.
nephroblastoma Wilms tumor
The presence of a kidney stone is documented as ______.
nephrolithiasis
A specialist in the study of disorders of the kidney is a(n) ______.
nephrologist
There are more than 1 million ______ in each kidney's cortex.
nephrons
Kidney disease associated with a marked loss of protein is ______.
nephrotic syndrome nephrosis
The brain, nerves, and sense organs are part of the ___________________ system.
nervous
An acoustic ______ is a benign, slow-growing tumor on the vestibulocochlear (viii) nerve that causes hearing loss, tinnitus, and dizziness.
neuroma
antacids
neutralize the acids in the stomach and relieve heartburn
Excessive nighttime urination is ______.
nocturia
Someone who compulsively counts, washes their hands, or systematically checks things could be suffering from ______ disorder.
obsessive-compulsive
________ of the large bowel can be caused by cancers, large polyps, and diverticulitis
obstruction
A type of spina bifida where there is no neurologic involvement is ____________.
occulta
female external genitalia
occupy most of the perineum and are collectively called the vuvla
Which of the following is true regarding renal cell carcinoma?
occurs twice as often in men as in women
The term fetus is Latin for
offspring
transverse plane
only horizontal plane
Cells are composed of
organelles
organ system level
organism body system organ tissue cell organelle molecule atom
Organ systems are composed of
organs
A(n) ______ is given to prevent renal failure or decrease intracranial pressure.
osmotic diuretic
The spongy gland located behind the stomach that has both exocrine and endocrine functions is the .
pancreas
Pancreatic enzymes move through the _____________ duct, which joints the common bile duct before emptying into the __________
pancreatic duodenum
early diagnosis of ___________ is often difficult because symptoms are very vague
pancreatic cancer
An abnormal sensation, such as tingling, burning, pricking, is called ______.
paraesthesia
Paralysis of both lower extremities is called ______.
paraplegia
The ______ division is a subdivision of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body and slows down the heartbeat but stimulates digestion.
parasympathetic
The ______ division of the autonomic nervous system has opposite effects to the flight-fight system
parasympathetic
The ______ division of the autonomic nervous system has opposite effects to the flight-fight system.
parasympathetic
partial paralysis
paresis
Meatus is the Latin term for ______.
passage
A disease-causing organism or microorganism is known as a(n) ______.
pathogen
The method that cleans the blood by instilling fluid into the abdominal cavity is ______.
peritoneal dialysis
A ruptured appendix can lead to an infection of the abdominal cavity called _____.
peritonitis
the term celiac means
pertaining to the abdomen
The production of sperm is termed ______.
spermatogenesis
production of sperm
spermatogenesis
A substance that is used to kill sperm is a(n) ______.
spermicide
Most dietary carbohydrates consist of _____.
starches
Oxytocin is a hormone that ______.
stimulates uterine contraction
Functions of the gallbladder
stores and concentrates bile, secretes bile
Mouth ulcers, or canker sores, are often caused by
stress, illness, or trauma.
A(n) _____ is an acute clinical event caused by impaired cerebral circulation.
stroke
If a transient ischemic attack (TIA) lasts more than 24 hours, it is called a(n) ______.
stroke
What is a condition that occurs when the blood supply to a part of the brain is suddenly interrupted, depriving the brain cells of oxygen?
stroke
spasm
sudden, involuntary muscle contraction
Proton Pump Inhibitors
suppress gastric secretions
The protein and lipid substance that creates surface tension is called ______.
surfactant
Deglutition is the process of ____________. it is accomplished by alternating waves of smooth muscle contraction called
swallowing peristalsis
esophageal varices
swollen, varicose veins of the esophagus. asymptomatic until they rupture
The calcified deposits at the margin of the teeth along the gums is ______.
tartar
accessory organs
teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
An agent that can cause anomalies of an embryo or fetus is a(n) ______.
teratogen
Which of the following organs are considered to be gonads?
testis ovary
Which gland located beneath the cerebral hemispheres receives all sensory impulses and channels them to the appropriate region of the cortex for interpretation?
thalamus
cytoplasm
the clear, gelatinous fluid inside a cell
Choledocholithiasis occurs when gallstones become impacted in
the common bile duct.
adenocarcinoma
the most common malignant tumor of the small bowel
The diaphragm separates the
thoracic and abdominal cavities
Organs are composed of
tissues
The root in the term digestion means
to break down food.
Ductus is the Latin term for ______.
to lead
The two most common sites of oral cancer are the
tongue lip
A state of muscular contraction is ______.
tonic
Functions of the placenta
transport nutrients and oxygen from mother to fetus transport nitrogenous wastes and co2 from mother and fetes transport maternal antibodies and hormones to fetus secrete hormones like estrogen and progesterone
An extensive inflammation and ulceration of the large intestine's lining that causes bloody diarrhea, crampy pain, weight loss, and electrolyte imbalance is _____.
ulcerative colitis
The cause of endometriosis is ______.
unknown
Females contract UTIs more often than males because their ______ is shorter.
urethra
The two bulbourethral glands are located one on either side of the membranous ______.
urethra
Which are part of the urinary system?
urethra kidney urinary bladder ureter
The fluid and the substances dissolved excreted by the kidneys is called ______.
urine
fallopian tubes
urine tubes connected to the fundus of the uterus
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
used to diagnose and treat problems in the biliary ductwork system
Endometriosis is the presentation or discovery of endometrial tissue outside the ______.
uterus
The small structure that hangs down from the soft palate and keeps food in the oral cavity until it is ready to be swallowed is the
uvula
The ______ is the female genital canal extending from the uterus to the vulva.
vagina
Which are symptoms of Gonorrhea?
vaginal discharge vaginal bleeding dysuria
functional cerebral regions
ventricles - spaces in brain, allow space for fluid circulate around brain, transmitting of nutrients CSF - fluid around brain thalamus - structure in charge of interpretation. opperator. hypothalamus - regulate all things you don't think about
A VCUG is performed with the use of contrast material that is inserted into the bladder through a catheter. X-rays are then taken while the patient ______.
voids
hematemesis
vomiting blood
The clitoris is the erectile organ of the ______.
vulva
Peritoneal dialysis is a method to remove what from the blood?
wastes
Primary amenorrhea
when a girl has not menstruated by age 16
secondary amenorrhea
when a girl misses three periods in a row
intussusception
when part of the small intestine slides into a neighboring portion of small intestine. can be cured with enema
A KUB is a(n) ______ of the abdomen showing the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.
xray