chapter 10

Match each stage of syphilis with its description. primary secondary tertiary

A chancre appears 10 to 90 days after the infection A rash on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet Permanent brain damage with dementia

gastrin HCl pepsinogen pepsin intrinsic factor mucus

A hormone that stimulates gastric motility and secretion Acid that converts pepsinogen to pepsin, activates gastric lipase, and breaks down tough tissue in ingested food Inactive form of pepsin secreted by chief cells Active enzyme that starts protein digestion Binds vitamin B12 so that it can be absorbed in the small intestines Lubricates and protects the lining of the stomach

prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

A protein produced by cells of the prostate gland. A blood test for higher levels (of PSA) screens for prostate cancer

What is the abbreviation for cerebrovascular accident?

CVA

motile

Capable of movement

What type of seizure is triggered by a fever in infants and toddlers?

Febrile

estrogen

Female sex hormone

What is an intestinal disorder that presents with chronic abdominal pain, bloating, and either diarrhea or constipation (or alternating bouts of both)?

Irritable bowel syndrome

What structure(s) lie(s) immediately internal to the labia majora?

Labia minora

stress urge functional total

Loss of urine during laughing or coughing Sudden intense desire to urinate followed by a loss of urine Inability to control urine due to physical or mental impairment Continuous leakage of urine, occurring during the day and night

smegma

Lubricating fluid secreted by glands of the foreskin. contains lipids, cells, debris, and some natural antibiotics.

Identify common sites of metastasis of oral cancer.

Lymph nodes Bones Lungs

Nucleolus

Makes ribosomes. manufactures proteins from simple materials, process called anabolism

If a mother has gonorrhea, her newborn baby will receive ______.

antibiotic eyedrops

greek term for ulcer

aphthous

The terms ________ and _______are terms that refer to oral ulcers / sores

aphthous canker

The most common cause of acute pain in the right lower abdominal quadrant is

appendicitis

the most common cause of acute pain in the right lower abdomen quadrant is

appendicitis

The groin is the ______.

area between the thigh and the abdomen

vestibule

area enclosed by labia minora. contains urinary and vaginal openings

A congenital defect is a condition occurring

at birth.

An ischemic stroke can be caused by ___________.

atherosclerosis embolism

Molecules are composed of

atoms

The congenital absence of a normal opening or lumen is termed ____________.

atresia

A disorder with severely abnormal social and communication skills is called ______.

autism

The Greek term for self is ______.

autism

The visceral motor subdivision of the nervous system is also called the ___________.

autonomic nervous system

two types of processes in neuron

axons and dendrites

A condition of having no sperm in the semen is ______.

azoospermia

Phimosis can lead to ______.

balanitis

Humoral defense mechanisms

based on antibodies. these are found in body fluids and bind to bacteria, toxins, and extracellular viruses, tagging them for destruction.

Cellular defense mechanisms

based on defensive cells (lymphocytes). These directly attack suspicious cells like cancer cells, transplanted tissue cells, or cells infected with viruses or parasites.

What is enuresis?

bed wetting

The suffix in menarche means ______.

beginning

noncancerous

benign

BEP

benign enlargement of the prostate

BPH

benign prostatic hyperplasia; benign prostatic hypertrophy

Where is the vagina located?

between rectum and urethra

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is used to diagnose and treat problems of the

bilary ductal system

the cystic duct from the gallbladder joins with the heptic duct to form the common bile duct. this duct system moves bile from the liver to the duodenum, is called the

binary tract

Ovarian cysts are generally benign unless they ______.

bleed twist rupture

Histamine 2 Receptor Antagonists

block the production of stomach acid

Hemodialysis filters ______ through an artificial kidney machine.

blood

The hormones insulin and glucagon are secreted into the _____.

blood

hormones secreting insulin and glucagon are decreased into the

blood

A radiation treatment that can be used to treat prostate cancer is ______.

brachytherapy

What part of the brain is located at the base and controls vital cardiovascular and respiratory activities?

brainstem

Kidney stones are usually composed of the minerals ______.

calcium oxalate uric acid

The Latin term for crab is ______.

canker

canker sore cold sore thrush stomatitis

mouth ulcer fever blister, caused by herpes simplex I virus fungal infection with Candida albicans general term for any infection of the mouth

alimentary canal

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

propulsion

movement of food through the alimentary canal

The term that descries involuntary falling asleep is ______.

narcolepsy

hepatic

pertaining to the liver

Use of light in treatment is called

phototherapy

The thin layer of gray matter that covers the cerebral hemispheres is the ______.

cortex

Vulvocandidiasis

cottage cheese vaginal discharge. caused by overgrowth of yeast fungus Candida

functions of the uterus

cradle and nourish the fetus from conception to birth to produce a womens period

the repair of bone defect in the skull

cranioplasty

An incurable inflammatory bowel disease that causes abdominal pain, diarrhea, and sometimes weight loss is

crohn disease

An instrument used to view the inside of the urinary bladder is a(n) ______.

cystoscope

An altered mental state that is characterized by the sudden onset of disorientation, an inability to think clearly or pay attention, is ______.

delirium

Electroconvulsive therapy is used in severe ______ that has not responded to other treatment.

depression

The word "small" in the term small intestines refers to this organ's

diameter

The prefix in the term dysphagia means

difficulty

The exocrine secretions of the pancreas are

digestive enzymes.

function of vagina

discharge menstrual fluid delivery baby receive penis and semen

An agent that increases urine output is a(n) ______.

diuretic

when diverticula become inflamed and infected, it's called

diverticulitis

uterine prolapse

downward displacement of the uterus into the vagina

Patent _________ arteriosus is the failure of a blood vessel that connects the aorta and pulmonary artery to close.

ductus

Beginning at the top, place in order the sites in the path that sperm follow to be ejaculated.

ductus ejaculatory duct urethra

The tube that receives sperm from the epididymis is the ______.

ductus deferens

bleeding from the small intestine is usually caused by

duodenal ulcer

the gallbladder stores, secretes, and concentrated bile into to _____________ during digestion

duodenum

Three parts of the small intestine

duodenum - receives chyme from the stomach jejunum - primary region for chemical digestion ileum - ends ileocecal valve, a sphincter that controls enters into the large intestine

The medical term that describes a painful or difficult menstrual period is ______.

dysmenorrhea

A general term for upset stomach with pain, bloating, and nausea is _____.

dyspepsia

The term __________ means abnormal tissue formation.

dysplasia

A patient complaining of difficulty breathing has the diagnosis .

dyspnea

Inflammation of brain cells and tissues is called ______.

encephalitis

endometriosis

endometrial tissue located outside the uterus on urine tubes, ovaries, and pelvic peritoneum

an instrument used to examine the lumen of a hollow organ is an

endoscope

The procedure that utilizes an approach through the inside of the nose to remove pituitary tumors is called ______.

endoscopic pituitary surgery

Involuntary micturation during sleep is called ______.

enuresis

The suffix in the term lactase tells the reader that it is a(n) _______ and not sugar

enzyme

What is a chronic disorder in which clusters of neurons (nerve cells) discharge their electrical signals in an abnormal rhythm that causes a seizure or convulsion?

epilepsy

A congenital defect in which the urethra is on the dorsum of the penis is termed ______.

epispadias

Something that is capable of being distended with blood is described as being a(n) ______ agent.

erectile

A synonym for impotence is ______.

erectile dysfunction

Dysphagia can occur after a stroke, but it is also a symptom of ______.

esophageal cancer

The constriction at the lower end of the esophagus is called the

esophageal sphincter

The muscular tube that transports a bolus of food from the pharynx to the stomach is the

esophagus

Which of the following is NOT a function of the digestive system? elimination ingestion absorption mechanical digestion chemical digestion excretion

excretion

uterine (fallopian) tubes

extends from the uterus and opens to the abdominal cavity near each ovary. functions are to enable sperm and eggs to meet and fertilize

genitalia

external and internal organs of reproduction

The medical term genitalia means ______.

external and internal organs of reproduction.

Agenesis is defined as

failure to develop an organ or any part.

Lipase is an enzyme that digests triglyceride molecules into

fatty acids and monoglycerides.

The human organism from the end of the eight week after conception to birth a(n) _______.

fetus

The ______. is the side of the body between the pelvis and the ribs.

flank

lymphatic capillaries converge to

form

regions of the uterus

fundus body cervix

inflammation of the stomach lining

gastritis

The testes, penis, and scrotum are considered external _____.

genitalia

A condition caused by poor placental function that prevents the fetus from growing at the normal rate is termed small for __________ age.

gestational

the endocrine secretions of the pancreas

glucagon insulin hormones

The medical term for glucose in the urine is ______.

glycosuria

The previous name for generalized tonic-clonic seizure is ______.

grand mal

What are the ridges on the surface of the cerebrum called?

gyri

Septal defects occur when the baby is born with an "hole" in the ____.

heart

A patient with chronic renal failure often requires ______ to stay alive.

hemodialysis

A(n) ____________ stroke is an intracranial hemorrhage.

hemorrhagic

Simple sugars that are absorbed into the capillaries of the intestinal villi are transported to the liver in the

hepatic portal vein.

The condition of cystocele is described as ______.

hernia of the urinary bladder into the anterior vaginal wall

An intervertebral disc can move out of place (______) or break open from injury or strain.

herniate

Another term that means respiratory distress syndrome is ____________.

hyaline membrane disease

Enlargement of the brain due to excessive cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles is termed .

hydrocephalus

A condition of a dilated renal pelvis and calyces is ______.

hydronephrosis

Loop diuretics and thiazides have the side effect of ______.

hypokalemia

Where do kidney stones begin formation?

in the pelvis of the kidney

physical defense mechanisms

include your skin and mucus membranes; chemicals present in your saliva, perspiration, and tears; hairs in your nostrils; and cilia and mucus to protect your lungs.

balantis

inflammation of the glans penis with bacteria and yeast

What is nephritis?

inflammation of the kidney

Methods to close a patent ductus arteriosus include

inserting a plug. medication. surgically tying.

The prefix in the terms endoscope and endoscopy means

inside or within.

A kidney condition that can occur as a side effect to taking NSAIDs is ______.

interstitial nephritis

Treatment for meconium aspiration is

intubation and suction.

Meconium aspiration syndrome

is the breathing in of the fetus's first bowel movement. can occur with fetal distress

A person that is incontinent ______.

is unable to control the flow of urine

What are the types of stroke?

ischemic and hemorrhagic

Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver causing

jaundice

The function of surfactant is to ______.

keep the alveoli open

enzyme that digests lactose

lactase

Fatty acids and monoglycerides are taken up by ________ (lymphatic vessels) in the _________

lacteals villi

If you do not produce sufficient amounts of the enzyme lactase, you may develop

lactose intolerance

If you do not produce sufficient amounts of the enzyme lactase, you may develop .

lactose intolerance

The procedure that uses a thin, lighted tube inserted through an incision in the abdominal wall to examine abdominopelvic organs is called

laparoscopy

nucleus

largest organelle. directs all cells activities

lymphatic capillaries

let interstitial fluid enter so it can become a lymph.

The term that means sex drive is ______.

libido

three groups of digestive enzymes LAP

lipases - digests fats amylase - digest carbohydrates protease- digests proteins

largest internal organ in the body

liver

cecum

located at the beginning of the large intestine. a narrow tube with a closed end (the vermiform appendix) projects downward from the cecum. function is not known

Lasix is a type of ______ diuretic.

loop

the lymphatic network begins with

lymphatic capillaries that are closed ended tubes nestled among blood capillary networks.

Cellular defense of the body against pathogens is mediated by ______, which directly attack the foreign invaders.

lymphocytes

functions of a zygote

manufacture of proteins and lipids production and use of cell energy communication with other cells replication of deoxyribonucleic acid reproduction of itself

functions of the liver

manufactures bile removes bilirubin from bloodstream stores excess sugar manufactures blood proteins

Endoplasmic Reticulum

manufactures steroids, cholesterol, and other lipids.

The mechanical digestion that occurs in the mouth is called

mastication

pH specific gravity leukocyte esterase ketones

measures how acidic or alkaline the urine is measures how dilute or concentrate the urine is indicates the presence of white blood cells present in the urine in diabetic ketoacidosis

The external opening of a passage is a(n) ______.

meatus

inflammation of the meninges

meningitis

Symptoms of uterine fibroids in one out of four women include ______.

menorrhagia lower back pain

The act of expelling urine is ______.

micturition

Organelles are composed of

molecules

Which function of the nervous system stimulates the skeletal muscles to contract?

motor output

chemical digestion first occurs in the

mouth

A kidney disease that entails many fluid-filled sacs is ______.

polycystic

Masses of tissue arising from the large intestine's wall that can be benign, precancerous, or cancerous are called

polyps

The term meconium is Greek for a little

poppy

Conditions that may prevent a neonate from growing fully in utero include

premature labor. inadequate nutrition.

function of progesterone

prepare the lining of the uterus for implantation of the egg inhibit lactation during pregnancy produce menstrual bleeding if pregnancy does not occur

Contraception

prevention of pregnancy methods include barrier methods behavioral methods - rhythm barrier methods - condoms diaphragms - cervical caps that cover cervix spermicidal foams and gels - 25% fail rate IUDs - plastic device fro 1-4 years hormonal methods oral contraceptives - birth control 5% fail rate estrogen patches - deliver hormones through skin fail rate below 1% injected progestin - injection every 3 months. fail rate below 1% implanted progestins - inserted under skin work up to 5 years. fail rate below 1% morning after pill - like plan B, 72 hours after intercourse, 10% fail rate mifepristone - miscarriage

function of ovaries

produce eggs release eggs secrete hormones

cervical cancer

produces no symptoms early on

Supine is the opposite of

prone

PSA is an abbreviation that stands for __-specific antigen.

prostate

Difficulties associated with urination due to BPH are caused by ______.

prostatic compression of the urethra

hiatal hernia

protrusion of a part of the stomach upward through the opening in the diaphragm

The ring of smooth muscle that regulates passage of chyme from the stomach to the duodenum is the .

pyloric sphincter

another term associated with high fever

pyrexia

In order to determine if blood flow to the kidneys is adequate, a radiologist would order a(n) ______.

renal angiogram

the nasal cavity, trachea, and bronchi, lungs are part of what system

respiratory

Oliguria

scanty urination

Which organs are part of the secondary sex organs?

scrotum urethra penis

The term gonad is Greek for ______.

seed

An opening in the wall separating the right and left side of the heart is a(n) defect.

septal

The most common location for colon and rectal cancers are the ___________ colon and the ________

sigmoid rectum

clitoris

small erectile organ capped with glans

Most protein digestion occurs in the

small intestine

Crohn disease is an incurable inflammatory disease that affects the

small intestine and part of the large intestine.

papillae

small rough elevations on tongue and roof of mouth; contain taste buds

prepuce produces

smegma

Functions of the lymphatic system

1. absorb excess interstitial fluid and return it to the bloodstream. 2. remove foreign cIMAGEhemicals, cells, and debris from the tissues. 3. absorb dietary lipids from the small intestines.

three components of the lymphatic system

1. lymphatic vessels 2. lymph 3. lymph nodes

Normally, a person has ______ ureter(s).

2

How many pairs of spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord?

31

How long after primary syphilis, does secondary syphilis occur?

4 to 10 weeks

how many woman have at least one yeast infection in their lifetime

75%

How much of the brain does the cerebrum make up?

80%

Saliva is how much water?

95%

organelles

A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell

anencephaly microcephaly encephalocele hydrocephalus

Absence of the cerebral hemispheres Small cerebral hemispheres Protrusion of nervous tissue and meninges through a defect in the skull Excessive cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain

sensory division motor division visceral motor division somatic motor division

Afferent nerves carry messages toward the spinal cord and brain from sense organs Efferent nerves carry messages away from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs Also called the autonomic nervous system, carries signals to glands and to cardiac and smooth muscle Carries signals to the skeletal muscles and is within voluntary control

What is the medical term that describes the absence or cessation of a normal menstrual period?

Amenorrhea

______ is an absence of cerebral hemispheres and is incompatible with life.

Anencephaly

_____ spectrum disorder is a range of complex developmental disorders characterized by communication difficulties, impaired social interaction, and rigid or repetitive patterns of behavior.

Autism

What type of facial nerve disorder is characterized by a sudden weakness or paralysis of muscles on one side of the face?

Bell palsy

Where is the liver located?

Below the ribs on the right, under the diaphragm

Which of the following is a condition of the prostate that is not malignant?

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Angiography uses contrast dye to highlight which structure(s)?

Blood vessels

Parkinson disease Creutzfeld-Jakob disease encephalitis brain abscess

Caused by degeneration of neurons in the basal ganglia that produce a neurotransmitter called dopamine Produces rapid deterioration of mental function with difficulty in muscle movement coordination An inflammation of the parenchyma (tissue) of the brain, often caused by a virus Usually a direct spread of infection from sinusitis, otitis media, or mastoiditis

What is located in the most posterior area of the brain and coordinates skeletal muscle activity to maintain the body's posture and balance?

Cerebellum

What does the abbreviation CSF stand for?

Cerebrospinal fluid

What are some conditions that could cause dementia?

Certain types of infections Depression in the elderly Reactions to medications

Which of the following disorders is caused by a virus? cold sores dental caries canker sores thrush

Cold sores

dental plaque dental caries pyorrhea gingivitis periodontitis

Collection of microorganisms on the teeth Tooth decay and cavity formation Infection of gums with pus-like discharge Infection of the gums Gums pull away from the teeth, forming pockets that become infected

CT scan EEG LP MRI PET scan

Computed tomography Electroencephalography Lumbar puncture Magnetic resonance imaging Positron emission tomography

What type of head injury may leave you feeling dazed, confused, or unable to recall the event that caused your injury?

Concussion

All of the following disorders can lead to malabsorption of nutrients EXCEPT which?

Constipation

Gastroenteritis can be caused by what?

Contaminated food Bacteria Viruses

What is the function of the prepuce?

Cover and protect the glans

lithotripsy lithotripter

Crushing stones by soundwaves Instrument that creates sound waves to crush stones

secondary male sex characteristics

Deep voice, Facial hair, Body hair, Increased body size

What are two things that are absorbed by the lymphatic system?

Dietary lipids from the intestines Excess interstitial fluid

Which of the following is NOT an imaging technique used to diagnose GI tract disorders?

Digital rectal exam

AIDS HSV2 STD TB

Disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus Causes genital herpes simplex A category of diseases that are transmitted during sexual activity An opportunistic infection of the lungs

agent that increases urine output

Diuretic

antidiarrheal antiemetic antihistamine laxative cannabinoid

Drug that prevents abnormally frequent and loose stools. Agent that prevents vomiting. Drug that can be used to treat allergic symptoms or prevent vomiting. An oral agent that promotes the expulsion of feces. A group of chemical compounds, some of which increase appetite and others treat nausea and vomiting.

BRCA

Either of two tumor suppressor genes (BRCA1 and BRCA2) that in mutated form tend to be associated with an increased risk of certain cancers and especially breast and ovarian cancers

Which is a function of the penis.

Enable flow of urine to the outside of the body

hyperplasia hypertrophy

Increase in the number of cells in a tissue or an organ Increase in the size of the cells in in a tissue or organ.

balanitis phimosis paraphimosis

Infection of the glans and foreskin with bacteria or yeast Foreskin is unable to be retracted over the glans Retracted foreskin cannot be pulled forward over the glans

urethritis pyelitis cystitis pyelonephritis

Infection of the tube that carries urine to the outside of the body Inflammation of the renal pelvis Inflammation of the sac that holds urine Inflammation of renal parenchyma, calyces, and pelvix

UTI PKD CKD ARF

Infection of the urinary tract Large fluid-filled cysts press on the kidney, affecting its function Gradual loss of kidney function Kidneys suddenly stop functioning properly

gastritis vomiting peptic ulcer gastric cancer

Inflammation of the stomach lining Forceful ejection of stomach contents upward Erosion of the stomach and/or duodenal lining caused by H. pylori bacterium Malignancy of the stomach

urethritis urethral stricture hypospadias epispadias

Inflammation of the urethra Narrowing of the urethra Opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis Opening of the urethra is on the dorsum of the penis

intravenous pyelogram retrograde pyelogram voiding cystourethrogram

Injection of contrast media into the blood so that the urinary tract can be visualized. Injection of contrast media into the ureters and kidneys to determine if kidney stones are present. Contrast media is injected into the bladder and x-rays are taken when the patient urinates.

carpal tunnel syndrome ulnar nerve palsy peroneal nerve palsy

Median nerve at the wrist is compressed between the wrist bones and a strong overlying ligament Results from nerve damage as the forearm's ulnar nerve crosses close to the surface over the humerus at the back of the elbow Arises from nerve damage as the peroneal or lower leg bone nerve passes close to the surface near the back of the knee

What contagious disorder of the meninges is commonly passed among college students?

Meningitis

______ disorders include psychosis, schizophrenia, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, personality disorders, substance abuse, and chemical dependence.

Mental health

What appear gray and create the gray matter of the brain?

Neuron cell bodies Dendrites Synapses

Which of the following is an inherited kidney disease?

Polycystic kidney disease

senile dementia Alzheimer disease vascular dementia frontotemporal dementia

Not a normal part of aging and not a specific disease; it is a term used for a collection of symptoms that can be caused by a number of disorders affecting the brain The most common form of dementia; nerve cells in the areas of the brain associated with memory and cognition are replaced by abnormal protein clumps and tangles The second most common form of dementia; it can come on gradually when arteries supplying the brain become arteriosclerotic, depriving the brain of oxygen Caused by progressive cell degeneration in the brain's frontal and temporal lobes, which control planning and judgment, emotions, speaking and understanding speech, and certain types of movement

______ is a surgical procedure to move an undescended testicle.

Orchiopexy

The abbreviation that describes the failure of a vessel that connects the aorta to the pulmonary artery to close is ____________.

PDA

A possible indicator for the presence of prostate cancer is an elevated ______ level.

PSA

What is a digital rectal exam (DRE)?

Palpation of the rectum and prostate gland with a gloved finger

dentists periodontists gastroenterologists proctologists dietitian nutritionists

Practitioners in the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the oral-facial complex Specialists in disorders of the tissues surrounding the teeth Physicians specializing in diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the stomach and intestines Physicians specializing in diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the rectum and anus Managers of food services who promote healthy eating Professionals who prevent and treat illness by promoting healthy eating

Identify the external structures of the penis.

Prepuce Glans Shaft

Select the correct statements about health professionals involved in gastrointestinal diagnosis and treatment.

Proctologists treat lower GI problems. Gastroenterologists treat disorders of the stomach and intestines. The role that dietitians and nutritionists have in common is promoting healthy eating habits.

Identify the functions of progesterone.

Produce menses in absence of pregnancy Prepare the uterus for pregnancy Prevent lactation during pregnancy

Name the gland that surrounds the urethra and emits fluid to help move sperm.

Prostate gland

Which of the following substances are tested for in a routine urinalysis? Protein Cancer Ketones Bacteria Odor

Protein Ketones Odor

ostomy stoma ileostomy colostomy

Resected end of the bowel opens onto the skin at a stoma Opening in the skin where the resected bowel opens Ileum is resected and an ostomy is created Part of the large intestine is resected and an ostomy is created

The abbreviation that is used to describe a neonate that is below the 10th percentile of babies of the same gestational age is ____________.

SGA

What does the nervous system control without active input?

Saliva Digestive enzymes Sweat production

Identify the functions of the ovaries.

Secrete hormones Release eggs

What is the most frequent cause of TIAs?

Small embolus

What division of the peripheral nervous system arouses the body for action by increasing the heart and respiratory rates to increase oxygen supply to the brain and muscles?

Sympathetic

Which of the following are functions of the liver?

Synthesis of plasma proteins Detoxification of alcohol and drugs Bile synthesis and secretion Storage of glucose as glycogen

BPH can be treated surgically by ______.

TURP

The tube that leads from the mouth to the anus is the

alimentary canal.

Hypersenstitivity to a particular allergen is a(n) ______.

allergy

What is a symptom of polyneuropathy?

Tingling sensations Numbness Weakness

common bile duct hepatic duct cystic duct

Union of the cystic duct and hepatic duct Transports bile from the liver Transports bile from the gallbladder

organs that make up KUB

Ureters Kidneys Bladder

Which nutrient cannot be absorbed without intrinsic factor?

Vitamin B12

ileoccecal sphincter

allows chyme to pass into the large intestine and prevents the large intestines contents from backing into the ileum

mons pubis

a mound of skin and adipose tissue overlying the symphysis pubis

labia minora

a pair of thin folds of hairless skin immediately internal to the labia majora. joins together to form the prepuce of the clitoris

labia majora

a pair of think folds of skin, connective tissue and adipose tissue

encephalocele

a protrusion of nervous tissue and meninges through a defect in the brain.

Bilirubin

a rust colored pigment

The treatment for gonorrhea is ______.

a single dose of antibiotic

The prostate, seminal vesicles, and bulbourethral gland are ______ glands.

accessory

Progesterone is produced by ______.

adrenal glands ovary's corpus luteum

The term that means pertaining to the cecum is _____.

cecal

An autoimmune disorder in which gluten must be avoided is

celiac disease

Tissues are composed of

cells

The root word for little brain is ______.

cerebell

Three major regions of the brain

cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem

A female patient is infected with HPV which can lead to cancer. With this type of infection, which type of cancer usually occurs first?

cervical

Enzymes are proteins that are involved in the process of

chemical digestion

A kidney disorder that occurs in diabetic neuropathy is ______.

chronic glomerulonephritis

The fatty lymph that is transported from the lymphatic lacteals is called .

chyle

A chronic, irreversible liver disease in which normal cells are replaced with fibrous scar tissue is _____.

cirrhosis

Stimulants that increase nervous system activity include ______.

cocaine caffeine

The epididymis is the ______.

coiled tube attached to the testis.

Paraphimosis

condition in which a retracted prepuce cannot be pulled forward to cover the glans

A mental state in which environmental stimuli are not processed appropriately is called ______.

confusion

one role of hydrochloric acid in the stomach i is to break down

connective tissue in meat and plant cell walls

One role of hydrochloric acid in the stomach is to break down

connective tissue in meat and plant cell walls.

All of the following disorders can lead to malabsorption of nutrients EXCEPT which? Lactose intolerance Crohn disease Constipation Celiac disease

constipation

Cerebellum

controls fine motor skills.

A spinal cord can be ______ by a sudden, violent jolt to the spine.

contused

function of estrogen

convert girls into sexually mature women through thelarche, pubarch, and menarch ] regulate menstrual cycle be involved in pregnancy

The term that means part of a structure is ______.

corpus

procedure used to detect upper GI bleeding

nasogastric aspiration

The procedure for the removal of a kidney is a(n) ______.

nephrectomy

A malignant childhood kidney tumor is called a(n) ______.

nephroblastoma Wilms tumor

The presence of a kidney stone is documented as ______.

nephrolithiasis

A specialist in the study of disorders of the kidney is a(n) ______.

nephrologist

There are more than 1 million ______ in each kidney's cortex.

nephrons

Kidney disease associated with a marked loss of protein is ______.

nephrotic syndrome nephrosis

The brain, nerves, and sense organs are part of the ___________________ system.

nervous

An acoustic ______ is a benign, slow-growing tumor on the vestibulocochlear (viii) nerve that causes hearing loss, tinnitus, and dizziness.

neuroma

antacids

neutralize the acids in the stomach and relieve heartburn

Excessive nighttime urination is ______.

nocturia

Someone who compulsively counts, washes their hands, or systematically checks things could be suffering from ______ disorder.

obsessive-compulsive

________ of the large bowel can be caused by cancers, large polyps, and diverticulitis

obstruction

A type of spina bifida where there is no neurologic involvement is ____________.

occulta

female external genitalia

occupy most of the perineum and are collectively called the vuvla

Which of the following is true regarding renal cell carcinoma?

occurs twice as often in men as in women

The term fetus is Latin for

offspring

transverse plane

only horizontal plane

Cells are composed of

organelles

organ system level

organism body system organ tissue cell organelle molecule atom

Organ systems are composed of

organs

A(n) ______ is given to prevent renal failure or decrease intracranial pressure.

osmotic diuretic

The spongy gland located behind the stomach that has both exocrine and endocrine functions is the .

pancreas

Pancreatic enzymes move through the _____________ duct, which joints the common bile duct before emptying into the __________

pancreatic duodenum

early diagnosis of ___________ is often difficult because symptoms are very vague

pancreatic cancer

An abnormal sensation, such as tingling, burning, pricking, is called ______.

paraesthesia

Paralysis of both lower extremities is called ______.

paraplegia

The ______ division is a subdivision of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body and slows down the heartbeat but stimulates digestion.

parasympathetic

The ______ division of the autonomic nervous system has opposite effects to the flight-fight system

parasympathetic

The ______ division of the autonomic nervous system has opposite effects to the flight-fight system.

parasympathetic

partial paralysis

paresis

Meatus is the Latin term for ______.

passage

A disease-causing organism or microorganism is known as a(n) ______.

pathogen

The method that cleans the blood by instilling fluid into the abdominal cavity is ______.

peritoneal dialysis

A ruptured appendix can lead to an infection of the abdominal cavity called _____.

peritonitis

the term celiac means

pertaining to the abdomen

The production of sperm is termed ______.

spermatogenesis

production of sperm

spermatogenesis

A substance that is used to kill sperm is a(n) ______.

spermicide

Most dietary carbohydrates consist of _____.

starches

Oxytocin is a hormone that ______.

stimulates uterine contraction

Functions of the gallbladder

stores and concentrates bile, secretes bile

Mouth ulcers, or canker sores, are often caused by

stress, illness, or trauma.

A(n) _____ is an acute clinical event caused by impaired cerebral circulation.

stroke

If a transient ischemic attack (TIA) lasts more than 24 hours, it is called a(n) ______.

stroke

What is a condition that occurs when the blood supply to a part of the brain is suddenly interrupted, depriving the brain cells of oxygen?

stroke

spasm

sudden, involuntary muscle contraction

Proton Pump Inhibitors

suppress gastric secretions

The protein and lipid substance that creates surface tension is called ______.

surfactant

Deglutition is the process of ____________. it is accomplished by alternating waves of smooth muscle contraction called

swallowing peristalsis

esophageal varices

swollen, varicose veins of the esophagus. asymptomatic until they rupture

The calcified deposits at the margin of the teeth along the gums is ______.

tartar

accessory organs

teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

An agent that can cause anomalies of an embryo or fetus is a(n) ______.

teratogen

Which of the following organs are considered to be gonads?

testis ovary

Which gland located beneath the cerebral hemispheres receives all sensory impulses and channels them to the appropriate region of the cortex for interpretation?

thalamus

cytoplasm

the clear, gelatinous fluid inside a cell

Choledocholithiasis occurs when gallstones become impacted in

the common bile duct.

adenocarcinoma

the most common malignant tumor of the small bowel

The diaphragm separates the

thoracic and abdominal cavities

Organs are composed of

tissues

The root in the term digestion means

to break down food.

Ductus is the Latin term for ______.

to lead

The two most common sites of oral cancer are the

tongue lip

A state of muscular contraction is ______.

tonic

Functions of the placenta

transport nutrients and oxygen from mother to fetus transport nitrogenous wastes and co2 from mother and fetes transport maternal antibodies and hormones to fetus secrete hormones like estrogen and progesterone

An extensive inflammation and ulceration of the large intestine's lining that causes bloody diarrhea, crampy pain, weight loss, and electrolyte imbalance is _____.

ulcerative colitis

The cause of endometriosis is ______.

unknown

Females contract UTIs more often than males because their ______ is shorter.

urethra

The two bulbourethral glands are located one on either side of the membranous ______.

urethra

Which are part of the urinary system?

urethra kidney urinary bladder ureter

The fluid and the substances dissolved excreted by the kidneys is called ______.

urine

fallopian tubes

urine tubes connected to the fundus of the uterus

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

used to diagnose and treat problems in the biliary ductwork system

Endometriosis is the presentation or discovery of endometrial tissue outside the ______.

uterus

The small structure that hangs down from the soft palate and keeps food in the oral cavity until it is ready to be swallowed is the

uvula

The ______ is the female genital canal extending from the uterus to the vulva.

vagina

Which are symptoms of Gonorrhea?

vaginal discharge vaginal bleeding dysuria

functional cerebral regions

ventricles - spaces in brain, allow space for fluid circulate around brain, transmitting of nutrients CSF - fluid around brain thalamus - structure in charge of interpretation. opperator. hypothalamus - regulate all things you don't think about

A VCUG is performed with the use of contrast material that is inserted into the bladder through a catheter. X-rays are then taken while the patient ______.

voids

hematemesis

vomiting blood

The clitoris is the erectile organ of the ______.

vulva

Peritoneal dialysis is a method to remove what from the blood?

wastes

Primary amenorrhea

when a girl has not menstruated by age 16

secondary amenorrhea

when a girl misses three periods in a row

intussusception

when part of the small intestine slides into a neighboring portion of small intestine. can be cured with enema

A KUB is a(n) ______ of the abdomen showing the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.

xray