CHAPTER 10
49) The effect of prolactin closely interacts with the hormone A) oxytocin. B) renin. C) ADH. D) melatonin. E) calcitonin.
A
66) Parathyroid hormone stimulates the kidneys to form A) calcitriol. B) renin. C) ADH. D) triiodothyronine. E) calcitonin.
A
71) Aldosterone is the principal A) mineralocorticoid. B) thyroid hormone. C) glucocorticoid. D) pancreatic hormone. E) androgen.
A
35) Hormones from the ________, which travel in the hypophyseal portal vessels, alter the activity of the anterior pituitary. A) brain stem B) hypothalamus C) cerebellum D) thyroid E) thalamus
B
36) Which of the following primarily targets the gonads (ovaries and testes)? A) growth hormone B) follicle-stimulating hormone C) prolactin D) insulin E) thyroxine
B
39) The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids is A) TSH. B) ACTH. C) FSH. D) LH. E) MSH.
B
29) Hormone concentration levels are most commonlycontrolled by A) positive feedback. B) the quantity of circulating hormone. C) negative feedback. D) cellular demands. E) body temperature.
C
76) Melatonin is the hormone produced by the A) anterior pituitary. B) thyroid. C) pineal gland. D) thymus. E) posterior pituitary.
C
40) The pituitary hormone that promotes testosterone release in males and ovulation in females is A) TSH. B) ACTH. C) FSH. D) LH. E) GH.
D
46) Which of the following is released by the posterior pituitary? A) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) B) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) C) growth hormone (GH) D) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) E) melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
D
64) The target organs for the parathyroid hormone and calcitonin are A) bone. B) kidney. C) digestive system. D) kidneys, bone, and digestive system. E) none of these.
D
65) The hormone that inhibits osteoblasts is A) insulin. B) glucagon. C) growth hormone. D) parathyroid hormone. E) thyroid hormone.
D
72) The outer zone of the adrenal cortex produces A) androgens. B) glucocorticoids. C) epinephrine. D) mineralocorticoids. E) steroids.
D
74) Increased sodium ion concentrations in the body can be caused by which adrenal hormone? A) cortisol B) erythropoietin C) thymosin D) aldosterone E) renin
D
88) Which hormone's secretion promotes the loss of sodium ions and water by the kidneys and inhibits renin release? A) erythropoietin B) aldosterone C) thymosin D) atrial natriuretic peptide E) glucagon
D
26) All hormones are A) steroids. B) cholesterol based. C) proteins. D) inorganic compounds. E) chemical messengers.
E
42) Another name for antidiuretic hormone is A) cortisol. B) parathyroid hormone. C) thymosin. D) growth hormone. E) vasopressin.
E
86) Preparation of the uterus for implantation results from stimulation by A) growth hormone. B) thyroid hormone. C) testosterone. D) mineralocorticoids. E) progesterone.
E
24) Which of the following hormones bind to membrane receptors and activate G-proteins? A) peptide hormones B) steroid hormones C) estrogen D) thyroid hormones E) cortisol
A
32) The hypothalamus transports hormones to the posterior pituitary by way of A) neural axons, directly. B) direct mechanical control. C) releasing and inhibiting hormones. D) altering ion concentrations in the anterior pituitary. E) gap junctions.
A
33) Which of the following hormones enter a cell by diffusion? A) steroid hormones B) epinephrine and norepinephrine C) amino acid derivatives D) peptide hormones E) oxytocin
A
41) Which of the following hormones is secreted by the human pituitary during fetal development in very young children and in pregnant women, but is not usually found in adults? A) MSH B) TSH C) ACTH D) LH E) PRL
A
54) Which statement regarding growth hormone (GH) is true? A) GH stimulates the breakdown of stored fats and the release of fatty acids into the blood. B) Liver cells respond to GH by releasing prostaglandins. C) Skeletal muscle cells and chondrocytes are extremely insensitive to GH. D) GH production is regulated by releasing and inhibiting hormones from the thyroid. E) In epithelial tissues, GH inhibits stem cell division.
A
57) Triiodothyronine is a hormone secreted by the A) thyroid gland. B) pancreas. C) parathyroid glands. D) hypothalamus. E) anterior pituitary.
A
60) Disorders associated with thyroid hormone excess have symptoms related to A) weight loss. B) weight gain. C) diabetes. D) slow heartbeat. E) excess pigmentation of the skin.
A
62) The hormone that causes the activation of osteoclasts is A) parathyroid hormone. B) thyroid hormone. C) calcitonin. D) glucagon. E) oxytocin.
A
84) Which of the following hormones is/are produced by both the testes and the ovaries? A) inhibin B) estrogens C) progestins D) androgens E) testosterone
A
51) Diabetes insipidus can be caused by A) decreased levels of insulin. B) decreased numbers of insulin receptors. C) failure of the kidneys to respond to ADH. D) increased numbers of ADH receptors. E) increased levels of ADH.
C
61) Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to decreased levels of calcium ions in the blood. A) thymosin B) parathyroid hormone C) calcitonin D) aldosterone E) cortisol
C
77) Which hormone is a very effective antioxidant, one that may protect CNS neurons from free radicals such as nitric oxide (NO) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)? A) insulin B) melanin C) calcitonin D) glucagon E) melatonin
E
20) Peptide hormones are A) composed of chains of amino acids. B) released by the reproductive organs. C) derived from arachidonic acid. D) lipids. E) chemically related to cholesterol.
A
78) The alpha cells of the pancreas produce A) insulin. B) glucagon. C) rennin. D) ADH. E) parathyroid hormone.
B
80) When blood glucose levels fall, A) insulin is released. B) glucagon is released. C) skeletal muscle cells convert glucose into glycogen for storage. D) protein synthesis increases. E) fat cells increase their rates of triglyceride synthesis.
B
89) Which of the following could cause ineffective synthesis of calcitriol? A) increased levels of thymosins B) decreased availability of vitamin D3 C) increased levels of MSH D) increased levels of gonadotropins E) inability to produce sufficient amounts of erythropoietin
B
68) Which statement is trueabout the adrenal glands? A) The adrenal cortex regulates the adrenal medulla. B) The hormones of the adrenal cortex rely on control by the autonomic nervous system. C) The adrenal cortex is most important in the control of sodium, potassium, and glucose blood levels. D) The adrenal androgen hormones are found only in males. E) The main hormone of the adrenal medulla is norepinephrine.
C
69) Cells of the adrenal cortex produce A) epinephrine. B) ADH. C) corticosteroids. D) parathyroid hormone. E) insulin.
C
75) The hormone responsible for daily changes in physiological processes that follow a day-night pattern is A) melanin. B) thyroxine. C) melatonin. D) corticosteroid. E) aldosterone.
C
79) Which of the following is the pancreatic hormone that is released when blood glucose levels rise? A) growth hormone B) cortisol C) insulin D) glucagon E) erythropoietin
C
81) Insulin causes A) decreased rate of glucose transport into target cells. B) decreased amino acid absorption. C) conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver and skeletal muscles. D) increased breakdown of fats to fatty acids in adipose tissue. E) increased blood glucose levels.
C
55) Hormones from which of the following glands are responsible for the calorigenic effect? A) pituitary gland B) suprarenal gland C) parathyroid gland D) thyroid gland E) thymus
D
56) Thyroid hormones are derived from the amino acid A) lysine. B) leucine. C) glycine. D) tyrosine. E) thyronine.
D
58) Which endocrine gland stores its hormone in follicle cavities? A) anterior pituitary B) pancreas C) thymus D) thyroid E) posterior pituitary
D
59) Unlike other hormones, T3 and T4 hormones require ________ for production. A) iron B) carbon C) phosphorus D) iodine E) fluorine
D
18) In the simplest case, endocrine activity may be controlled by changes in the extracellular fluid composition called ________ stimuli. A) hormonal B) cellular C) neural D) membrane E) humoral
E
23) Hypothalamic hormones that stimulate the synthesis and secretion of one or more hormones in the anterior lobe are called A) permissive hormones. B) synergistic hormones. C) regulating hormones. D) stimulating hormones. E) releasing hormones.
E
3) The endocrine system A) releases neurotransmitters into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body. B) is regulated mainly by positive feedback. C) produces effects that last for seconds or minutes. D) is not involved in homeostasis. E) relies on the release of chemicals that bind to target cells.
E
83) Regarding pancreatic hormones, A) parasympathetic stimulation inhibits insulin release, and sympathetic stimulation enhances it. B) both parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation inhibit insulin release. C) both parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation enhance insulin release. D) sympathetic stimulation inhibits glucagon release. E) parasympathetic stimulation enhances insulin release, and sympathetic stimulation inhibits it.
E
21) Steroid hormones A) are proteins. B) are structurally similar to cholesterol. C) are the largest class of hormones. D) include pancreatic hormones. E) are secreted by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.
B
22) Which of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative? A) ADH B) melatonin C) oxytocin D) growth hormone E) prolactin
B
4) Generally, the actions of hormones A) tend to be less widespread than actions of the nervous system. B) can produce complex changes in physical structure and physiological changes. C) are faster to react than the nervous system. D) are shorter-lasting than the actions of the nervous system. E) do not affect homeostasis.
B
44) Two hormones referred to as gonadotropins are A) GH and TSH. B) FSH and LH. C) ADH and ACTH. D) PRL and OT. E) ADH and OT.
B
47) Hypothalamic signals reach the anterior pituitary through the A) infundibulum. B) hypophyseal portal system. C) hypothalamic axons. D) hypophysis. E) thymus.
B
73) One adrenal hormone that affects glucose metabolism is A) thymosin. B) cortisol. C) aldosterone. D) epinephrine. E) gonadotropin.
B
19) The hormone leptin is secreted by (the) A) pancreas. B) kidneys. C) adipose tissue. D) hypothalamus. E) anterior pituitary.
C
87) The hormone that is released by the kidneys in response to low oxygen levels in kidney tissues is A) angiotensin. B) cortisol. C) erythropoietin. D) renin. E) epinephrine.
C
25) The highest level of endocrine control is provided by the A) thyroid gland. B) pancreas. C) suprarenal glands. D) hypothalamus. E) thymus.
D
28) Steroid hormones A) bind to receptors on the surface of the cell. B) function by way of a second messenger system. C) cannot diffuse through the plasma membrane. D) bind to intracellular receptors. E) function by activating cAMP.
D
31) Cyclic AMP often causes activation of A) calcium ion channels. B) myosin kinase. C) phosphodiesterase. D) kinase enzymes. E) steroids.
D
37) The posterior pituitary gland stores A) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). B) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). C) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). D) oxytocin (OT). E) melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH).
D
53) Which statement is trueabout the pituitary? A) The anterior pituitary controls the posterior pituitary. B) The alternate name for the pituitary is the infundibulum. C) The hypothalamus communicates with the anterior pituitary only. D) The pituitary hormones all work by activating G proteins and triggering cAMP within cells. E) The pituitary glands, both anterior and posterior, control every other endocrine gland.
D
63) The release of parathyroid hormone is controlled by A) thyroid hormone. B) TSH. C) the hypothalamus. D) blood calcium ion levels. E) cellular oxygen consumption.
D
85) Hormone-producing cells of the testes produce A) estrogen. B) progesterone. C) leptin. D) testosterone. E) renin.
D
50) The pituitary hormone that stimulates the breakdown of stored fats and the release of fatty acids into the bloods is A) TSH. B) ACTH. C) MSH. D) LH. E) GH.
E
2) The nervous system A) is ideal for crisis management. B) communicates mainly by the release of hormones. C) has effects that are very long-lived. D) is regulated mainly by positive feedback. E) does not rely on the binding of receptors to target cells.
A
30) An important second messenger in hormonal action is A) cAMP. B) calcitriol. C) insulin. D) calcium. E) glucagon.
A
48) The hormone oxytocin A) reduces uterine contractions. B) is involved in the milk "letdown" reflex. C) regulates blood pressure. D) governs the ovarian cycle. E) stimulates melanocytes in the skin.
B
1) Peripheral structures sensitive to the presence of hormones are called A) exocrine cells. B) first messengers. C) target cells. D) second messengers. E) G-proteins.
C
27) When a protein or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell, A) the hormone receptor complex moves into the cytoplasm. B) the plasma membrane becomes depolarized. C) a second messenger appears in the cytoplasm. D) the cell becomes inactive. E) the hormone is transported to the nucleus, where it alters the activity of the DNA.
C
38) Target cells of hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones are located in the A) thymus gland. B) suprarenal gland. C) anterior pituitary. D) posterior pituitary. E) testes.
C
34) Which statement is trueregarding steroid hormones? A) They are carbohydrates. B) They cannot diffuse through the plasma membrane. C) They do not bind to receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus. D) They cannot change the nature or number of enzymes in the cytoplasm. E) They can alter the rate of mRNA transcription.
E
70) One hormone that is released from the adrenal medulla is A) insulin. B) aldosterone. C) cortisol. D) androgen. E) epinephrine.
E
82) The hormone secreted by the pancreatic alpha cells would result in A) decreased breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver and skeletal muscles. B) increased triglyceride synthesis in adipose tissues. C) increased rate of glucose utilization. D) increased rate of ATP generation. E) increased synthesis and release of glucose by the liver.
E
52) This condition develops when the posterior pituitary no longer releases adequate amounts of ADH. A) diabetes mellitus B) diabetes insipidus C) pituitary dwarfism D) exophthalmos E) gigantism
B
67) Marissa has had her entire thyroid gland removed because of a malignant tumor. She takes synthetic thyroid hormone to replace the thyroxine that her thyroid gland would have produced, but she is worried about her blood calcium. Does she need to worry about this problem? A) No, the synthetic thyroid hormone will also control the calcium. B) Possibly, it depends on whether the parathyroid glands were taken with the thyroid by accident. C) No, hormones from the liver and kidneys will regulate calcium through the intestinal tract. D) Yes, without the calcitonin, high blood levels of calcium will cause convulsions. E) Yes, without the calcitonin she may suffer heart failure.
B
43) Where are the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary made? A) thyroid B) anterior pituitary C) hypothalamus D) posterior pituitary E) suprarenal gland
C
45) Excessive urine production, which is a characteristic symptom of all forms of diabetes, is known as A) polyphagia. B) polydipsia. C) polyuria. D) polymyositis. E) diabetes mellitus.
C
