MGMT 331 Exam 2
___________ provides broad and useful ways to describe personality in terms of our individual differences in self-efficacy, self-esteem, locus of control, and emotional stability
Core self-evaluation
T/F Justine, a manager, has decided that Harrison is performing poorly because he is lazy. This is an example of a negativity bias
False
T/F Maslow's need hierarchy and Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theories are both examples of process
False
T/F Our Values are relatively stable across and do not vary across generations
False
T/F To achieve a climate encouraging positive OB, an organization must foster a specific set of organizational values, organizational practices, and transformational leadership
False
____________ is information about performance shared with those in a position to improve the situation
Feedback
Which of the following is true about balancing positive and negative emotions?
Ideally, we should try to have more positive transformational leadership
Nora wants to be a buyer for Marstons Stores. She knows that they are looking for outgoing, social people. She purposely tries to present herself as an extrovert on the personality test that she takes even though she is shy and retiring. What is likely result of this?
Nora might get the job, but find she is unhappy in the role
Elaine often volunteers to help others when they run into problems with their projects. She is very positive, always on time, and never calls in sick. Exhibiting _______is likely to create positive impressions among Elaine's colleagues and manager.
OCB
Sales quotas and piecework are best measured _________ goals.
Objective
Angela works for a company that does not provide good health benefits or career opportunities. Her _______is most likely to be negative.
POS
_________ is the set of processes and managerial behaviors that involve defining, monitoring, measuring, evaluating, and providing consequences for performance expectations.
Performance management
___________ is the combination of stable physical, behavioral, and mental characteristics that gives individuals their unique identity
Personality
Marion a shift supervisor, is keeping a performance dairy for each of her employees. This mechanism can ______ performance appraisals
Reduce bias in
__________ theory focuses on the needs that drive intrinsic motivation, which is longer lasting and has a more positive impact on task performance than extrinsic motivation
Self-determination
Which of the following statements about self-efficacy is true?
Self-efficacy can be developed
Papa Bill's, a local pizza, chain, institutes a new compensation policy to increase the on-time delivery of its pizzas. Drivers are paid an extra $1.00 for each on-time delivery, payable at the next pay period. However, a review of the policy showed that traffic tickets for reckless driving among delivery drivers increased by 50 percent since the new policy was introduced. Which of the following best explains why this reward system did not perform as expected?
The organization was unintentionally rewarding counterproductive behavior
T/F Cross-cultural research evidence shows personality models are not unique to the culture un which they were developed. The Big Five personality structure held up very well in a study of women and men from Russia, Canada, Hong Kong, Poland, Germany, and Finland. A comprehensive analysis of Big Five studies revealed: "To date, there is no compelling evidence that culture affects personality structure."
True
T/F Fears of reverse discrimination is a barrier to implementing successful diversity programs
True
T/F People with high levels of positive psychological capital have high levels of hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism
True
T/F Typically, managers overemphasize performance goals and underemphasize learning goals
True
Chris has studied for his mathematics test and his English test. He expects to do moderately well in both subjects. He gets an "A" in English, but fails mathematics. While Chris feels that the grade he got for English was well-deserved, he blames his failure in mathematics on the fact that his teacher, Mr. Wallace, does not like him, In this situation, Chris is exhibiting
a self-serving bias
Strategies to increase positive experiences include all of the following except
accept negative thoughts
Which of the following is not a process theory of motivation?
acquired need
Values represent beliefs that influence behaviors __________; attitudes relate to behavior_________.
across all situations; toward specific targets
__________ is an artificial intervention aimed at giving management a chance to correct an imbalance, injustice, mistake, or outright discrimination that occurred in the past
affirmative action
The law of effect states that
behavior with favorable consequences tends to be repeated
When positive practices reduce the impact of negative events or stressors, a(n) __________ effect has occurred
buffering
As a senior student representative on the ethics advisory board of your university, you feel strongly that cheating on college exams is unethical. You never cheated on any exam. However, this semester your best friend was desperate for your help, and you allowed him to take a quick "peek" at your answer sheet. Since then, you feel uncomfortable every time you think of the situation. Which of the following concepts best explains your psychological discomfort?
cognitive dissonance
The two general categories of motivation theories are
content and process
Owen leads a team tasked with developing a client tracking system. He is nervous and worried, afraid that if this assignment doesn't go well, he won't be promoted. Jack, a team member, is relaxed, unworried, and secure in the feeling that they have all the necessary resources and talents to make this work. Jack is likely to score high on
emotional stability
Which of the following is not an element of emotional intelligence?
emotional stability
Which of the following is the least fixed of a person's individual differences?
emotions
The millennial generation is described as
entitled, civic-minded, closely involved with parents
The idea underlying the __________ model is that satisfaction is tied to how fairly an individual is treated at work.
equity
Harold sells computer chips for a large corporation. This year he is not very motivated to meet his sales goal. The company has always paid his bonuses when he achieves his sales goal and Harold wants to take a big vacation this year. But, he thinks the sales goal the company has for him may be too high and they won't budge on the amount. He isn't sure if he can sell that many chips this year. What process theory explains his lack of motivation best.
expectancy
Polly works as a bartender. A few people wave money at her so that she will serve them first. She finds this to be rude and, so, either ignores them or serves them last. People realize that Polly serves the people who wait politely first, and much of the rude behavior stops. Polly used the model of
extinction
The term ____________ identifies an invisible but absolute barrier that prevents women from advancing to higher-level postitions
glass ceiling
Chris, a manager, knows that one of his employees values achievement and power. Chris should assign the employee to a job that includes
high influence over others
Inez was content with her job at Pieces Packaging until the company added two levels of supervision, lowered bonuses, and decreased breaks. Her current dissatisfaction reflects _______ factors.
hygiene
Ted was dissatisfied with his job. He said that the company policy, supervision, and working conditions were responsible for his dissatisfaction. According to Fredrick's Herzberg's theory, ___________ are the extrinsic factors that create job dissastisfaction.
hygiene factors
The goal of the job characteristics model is to
increase intrinsic motivation in jobs
Derek manages his team by promoting trust by making sure his words match his actions. If he promises something, he holds true to his word. He is also guided by morals and being honest. As a virtuous leader, what trait is he exhibiting?
integrity
At its most basic, a person's behavior can be attributed to either ________ or ________ factors.
internal; external
Randall wants to put more variety into his assistant's job by combining specialized tasks of about the same level of difficulty. This is
job enlargement
Continuous Reinforcement schedules are particularly useful when an employee is
learning a new skill
Low job satisfaction and low employee engagement can lead to
low task performance
Dr. Riley, a professor in the economics department, finds that if he keeps his door open, people tend to stop in to say hello. This interruption is distracting. So now Dr. Riley keeps his door open only a crack during his office hours, asking visitors to knock before entering. This small change allows him to grade exams more quickly and accurately. This is an example oh his increasing his
mindfulness
Wayne is on the production line for Medical Services Inc. He has been there for five years and has won Employee of the Month more than anyone else. Zander, his coworker, who has only been at Medical Services three years and hasn't even been nominated for Employee of the Month, just received a promotion. Wayne perceives a
negative inequity
Halim, one of your employees, always seems to be "taking it easy" often ignores problems that arise, and rarely takes action on his own. It is likely that Halim is
not a proactive personality
The two basic types of goals are
performance and learning
Which forms of consequences strengthen a desired behavior?
positive and negative reinforcement
Flourishing represents the extent to which our lives contain PERMA
positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and achievement
The ________ effect is the attraction of all living systems toward that which is life-giving and away from that which is life-depleting
positivity
Self-efficacy is a component of
psychological capital
Trevor is an overachiever. His brother calls him ambitious and power hungry. Trevor exemplifies the __________ dimension
self-enhancement
Roberto is a manager at XYZ Corporation. Every day, he eats lunch in the company cafeteria so he can learn the latest news and rumors. Roberto is exhibiting his
social awareness
"Women have a harder time than men in being perceived as effective leaders." This statement is a(n)
stereotype
What form of diversity management is an organization adopting when it acknowledges difference but does not value nor accept them?
toleration
Kim lives and works in a small town, even though she prefers life in a bigger city. She is quite dissatisfied with her current job and is thinking of leaving the organization. She is worried, however, about her ability to find other employment that pays as well as her current job. Additionally, she is concerned about finding another organization that offers college tuition reimbursement. Based on this information =, Kim is experiencing
withdrawal cognitions