MGMT 331 Exam 2

___________ provides broad and useful ways to describe personality in terms of our individual differences in self-efficacy, self-esteem, locus of control, and emotional stability

Core self-evaluation

T/F Justine, a manager, has decided that Harrison is performing poorly because he is lazy. This is an example of a negativity bias

False

T/F Maslow's need hierarchy and Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theories are both examples of process

False

T/F Our Values are relatively stable across and do not vary across generations

False

T/F To achieve a climate encouraging positive OB, an organization must foster a specific set of organizational values, organizational practices, and transformational leadership

False

____________ is information about performance shared with those in a position to improve the situation

Feedback

Which of the following is true about balancing positive and negative emotions?

Ideally, we should try to have more positive transformational leadership

Nora wants to be a buyer for Marstons Stores. She knows that they are looking for outgoing, social people. She purposely tries to present herself as an extrovert on the personality test that she takes even though she is shy and retiring. What is likely result of this?

Nora might get the job, but find she is unhappy in the role

Elaine often volunteers to help others when they run into problems with their projects. She is very positive, always on time, and never calls in sick. Exhibiting _______is likely to create positive impressions among Elaine's colleagues and manager.

OCB

Sales quotas and piecework are best measured _________ goals.

Objective

Angela works for a company that does not provide good health benefits or career opportunities. Her _______is most likely to be negative.

POS

_________ is the set of processes and managerial behaviors that involve defining, monitoring, measuring, evaluating, and providing consequences for performance expectations.

Performance management

___________ is the combination of stable physical, behavioral, and mental characteristics that gives individuals their unique identity

Personality

Marion a shift supervisor, is keeping a performance dairy for each of her employees. This mechanism can ______ performance appraisals

Reduce bias in

__________ theory focuses on the needs that drive intrinsic motivation, which is longer lasting and has a more positive impact on task performance than extrinsic motivation

Self-determination

Which of the following statements about self-efficacy is true?

Self-efficacy can be developed

Papa Bill's, a local pizza, chain, institutes a new compensation policy to increase the on-time delivery of its pizzas. Drivers are paid an extra $1.00 for each on-time delivery, payable at the next pay period. However, a review of the policy showed that traffic tickets for reckless driving among delivery drivers increased by 50 percent since the new policy was introduced. Which of the following best explains why this reward system did not perform as expected?

The organization was unintentionally rewarding counterproductive behavior

T/F Cross-cultural research evidence shows personality models are not unique to the culture un which they were developed. The Big Five personality structure held up very well in a study of women and men from Russia, Canada, Hong Kong, Poland, Germany, and Finland. A comprehensive analysis of Big Five studies revealed: "To date, there is no compelling evidence that culture affects personality structure."

True

T/F Fears of reverse discrimination is a barrier to implementing successful diversity programs

True

T/F People with high levels of positive psychological capital have high levels of hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism

True

T/F Typically, managers overemphasize performance goals and underemphasize learning goals

True

Chris has studied for his mathematics test and his English test. He expects to do moderately well in both subjects. He gets an "A" in English, but fails mathematics. While Chris feels that the grade he got for English was well-deserved, he blames his failure in mathematics on the fact that his teacher, Mr. Wallace, does not like him, In this situation, Chris is exhibiting

a self-serving bias

Strategies to increase positive experiences include all of the following except

accept negative thoughts

Which of the following is not a process theory of motivation?

acquired need

Values represent beliefs that influence behaviors __________; attitudes relate to behavior_________.

across all situations; toward specific targets

__________ is an artificial intervention aimed at giving management a chance to correct an imbalance, injustice, mistake, or outright discrimination that occurred in the past

affirmative action

The law of effect states that

behavior with favorable consequences tends to be repeated

When positive practices reduce the impact of negative events or stressors, a(n) __________ effect has occurred

buffering

As a senior student representative on the ethics advisory board of your university, you feel strongly that cheating on college exams is unethical. You never cheated on any exam. However, this semester your best friend was desperate for your help, and you allowed him to take a quick "peek" at your answer sheet. Since then, you feel uncomfortable every time you think of the situation. Which of the following concepts best explains your psychological discomfort?

cognitive dissonance

The two general categories of motivation theories are

content and process

Owen leads a team tasked with developing a client tracking system. He is nervous and worried, afraid that if this assignment doesn't go well, he won't be promoted. Jack, a team member, is relaxed, unworried, and secure in the feeling that they have all the necessary resources and talents to make this work. Jack is likely to score high on

emotional stability

Which of the following is not an element of emotional intelligence?

emotional stability

Which of the following is the least fixed of a person's individual differences?

emotions

The millennial generation is described as

entitled, civic-minded, closely involved with parents

The idea underlying the __________ model is that satisfaction is tied to how fairly an individual is treated at work.

equity

Harold sells computer chips for a large corporation. This year he is not very motivated to meet his sales goal. The company has always paid his bonuses when he achieves his sales goal and Harold wants to take a big vacation this year. But, he thinks the sales goal the company has for him may be too high and they won't budge on the amount. He isn't sure if he can sell that many chips this year. What process theory explains his lack of motivation best.

expectancy

Polly works as a bartender. A few people wave money at her so that she will serve them first. She finds this to be rude and, so, either ignores them or serves them last. People realize that Polly serves the people who wait politely first, and much of the rude behavior stops. Polly used the model of

extinction

The term ____________ identifies an invisible but absolute barrier that prevents women from advancing to higher-level postitions

glass ceiling

Chris, a manager, knows that one of his employees values achievement and power. Chris should assign the employee to a job that includes

high influence over others

Inez was content with her job at Pieces Packaging until the company added two levels of supervision, lowered bonuses, and decreased breaks. Her current dissatisfaction reflects _______ factors.

hygiene

Ted was dissatisfied with his job. He said that the company policy, supervision, and working conditions were responsible for his dissatisfaction. According to Fredrick's Herzberg's theory, ___________ are the extrinsic factors that create job dissastisfaction.

hygiene factors

The goal of the job characteristics model is to

increase intrinsic motivation in jobs

Derek manages his team by promoting trust by making sure his words match his actions. If he promises something, he holds true to his word. He is also guided by morals and being honest. As a virtuous leader, what trait is he exhibiting?

integrity

At its most basic, a person's behavior can be attributed to either ________ or ________ factors.

internal; external

Randall wants to put more variety into his assistant's job by combining specialized tasks of about the same level of difficulty. This is

job enlargement

Continuous Reinforcement schedules are particularly useful when an employee is

learning a new skill

Low job satisfaction and low employee engagement can lead to

low task performance

Dr. Riley, a professor in the economics department, finds that if he keeps his door open, people tend to stop in to say hello. This interruption is distracting. So now Dr. Riley keeps his door open only a crack during his office hours, asking visitors to knock before entering. This small change allows him to grade exams more quickly and accurately. This is an example oh his increasing his

mindfulness

Wayne is on the production line for Medical Services Inc. He has been there for five years and has won Employee of the Month more than anyone else. Zander, his coworker, who has only been at Medical Services three years and hasn't even been nominated for Employee of the Month, just received a promotion. Wayne perceives a

negative inequity

Halim, one of your employees, always seems to be "taking it easy" often ignores problems that arise, and rarely takes action on his own. It is likely that Halim is

not a proactive personality

The two basic types of goals are

performance and learning

Which forms of consequences strengthen a desired behavior?

positive and negative reinforcement

Flourishing represents the extent to which our lives contain PERMA

positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and achievement

The ________ effect is the attraction of all living systems toward that which is life-giving and away from that which is life-depleting

positivity

Self-efficacy is a component of

psychological capital

Trevor is an overachiever. His brother calls him ambitious and power hungry. Trevor exemplifies the __________ dimension

self-enhancement

Roberto is a manager at XYZ Corporation. Every day, he eats lunch in the company cafeteria so he can learn the latest news and rumors. Roberto is exhibiting his

social awareness

"Women have a harder time than men in being perceived as effective leaders." This statement is a(n)

stereotype

What form of diversity management is an organization adopting when it acknowledges difference but does not value nor accept them?

toleration

Kim lives and works in a small town, even though she prefers life in a bigger city. She is quite dissatisfied with her current job and is thinking of leaving the organization. She is worried, however, about her ability to find other employment that pays as well as her current job. Additionally, she is concerned about finding another organization that offers college tuition reimbursement. Based on this information =, Kim is experiencing

withdrawal cognitions