Chapter 10- Airway Management

A nasopharyngeal airway is inserted: A. with the bevel facing the septum if inserted into the right nare. B. into the larger nostril with the tip pointing away from the septum. C. with the bevel pointing downward if inserted into the left nare. D. into the smaller nostril with the tip following the roof of the nose.

A

At a flow rate of 6 L/min, a nasal cannula can deliver an approximate oxygen concentration of up to: A. 44%. B. 35%. C. 24%. D. 52%.

A

The __________ cartilage is a firm ring that forms the inferior part of the larynx. A. cricoid B. thyroid C. laryngeal D. pyriform

A

The leaf-shaped structure located superior to the larynx is called the: A. epiglottis. B. vallecula. C. thyroid cartilage. D. cricoid ring.

A

The primary waste product of aerobic metabolism is: A. carbon dioxide. B. adenosine triphosphate. C. lactic acid. D. pyruvic acid.

A

The purpose of the pin-indexing system that has been established for compressed gas cylinders is to: A. ensure that the correct regulator is used for the cylinder. B. prevent destroying or stripping the threads on the cylinder. C. reduce the cylinder pressure to a safe and more useful range. D. help you determine what type of oxygen regulator to use.

A

What is the danger that an altered mental status can pose to a patient's breathing? A. Loss of muscle tone and airway collapse B. Hyperoxia C. Depressed alveolar function D. Bronchospasms

A

What percentage of exhaled oxygen is delivered during mouth-to-mask breathing without supplemental oxygen? A. 16% B. 21% C. 10% D. 32%

A

Which of the following structures is contained within the mediastinum? A. esophagus B. larynx C. lungs D. bronchioles

A

Which of the following structures is found in the lower airway? A. Bronchi B. Uvula C. Pharynx D. Tonsils

A

While caring for a 3-year-old child, you should be concerned if his respiratory rate exceeds ________ breaths per minute. A. 30 B. 20 C. 16 D. 24

A

While eating dinner, your partner suddenly grabs his throat and has a panicked look on his face. He has a weak cough, faint inspiratory stridor, and cyanosis around the lips. You should: A. stand behind him and administer abdominal thrusts. B. deliver up to five back blows and reassess him. C. place him in a supine position and open his airway. D. encourage him to cough as forcefully as he can.

A

Without adequate oxygen, the body's cells: A. incompletely convert glucose into energy, and lactic acid accumulates in the blood. B. rely solely on glucose, which is completely converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). C. begin to metabolize fat, resulting in the production and accumulation of ketoacids. cease metabolism altogether, resulting in carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood.

A

An adult at rest should have a respiratory rate that ranges between: A. 10 and 18 breaths/min. B. 12 and 20 breaths/min. C. 16 and 24 breaths/min. D. 8 and 15 breaths/min.

B

Central chemoreceptors located in the medulla provide feedback to increase the rate and depth of breathing when they sense: A. slight decreases in carbon dioxide and an increase in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid. B. slight elevations in carbon dioxide or a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid. C. increased levels of oxygen in the blood and a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid. D. decreased levels of oxygen in the blood and an increase in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid

B

Each cell of the body combines nutrients and oxygen and produces energy and waste products through a process called: A. energy transfer. B. metabolism. C. oxygenation. D. ventilation.

B

Gas exchange in the lungs is facilitated by: A. surfactant-destroying organisms. B. adequate amounts of surfactant. C. pulmonary capillary constriction. D. water or blood within the alveoli

B

How does CPAP improve oxygenation and ventilation in patients with certain respiratory problems? A. It prevents alveolar collapse sucking air out of the chest in exhalation. B. It forces the alveoli open and pushes more oxygen across the alveolar membrane. C. It decreases intrathoracic pressure, which allows more room for the lungs to expand. D. It pushes thick, infected pulmonary secretions into isolated areas of the lung tissue.

B

If ventilation is impaired, carbon dioxide levels in the bloodstream will increase. This condition is called: A. hypoxia. B. hypercarbia. C. carbon maximus. D. this condition never happens

B

When ventilating an apneic adult with a simple barrier device, you should deliver each breath: A. over a period of about 1 to 2 seconds. B. while watching for adequate chest rise. C. quickly to ensure adequate ventilation. D. with a tidal volume of about 500 mL.

B

Which of the following statements regarding positive-pressure ventilation is correct? A. There is no such thing as positive-pressure ventilation. B. With positive-pressure ventilation, more volume is required to have the same effects as normal breathing. C. Positive-pressure ventilation allows blood to naturally be pulled back to the heart from the body. D. To prevent hypotension, the EMT should increase the rate and force of positive-pressure ventilation.

B

Which of the following statements regarding the one-person bag-mask device technique is correct? A.The bag-mask device delivers more tidal volume than the mouth-to-mask technique. B. Adequate tidal volume is often difficult to achieve when one EMT is operating the bag-mask device due to mask seal. C. Bag-mask ventilations should be delivered every 2 seconds when the device is being operated by one person. D. The EC-clamp method of holding the mask to the face is NOT effective when ventilating a patient with a bag-mask device.

B

You are ventilating a patient with a stoma; however, air is escaping from the mouth and nose. To prevent this, you should: A. thrust the jaw forward. B. seal the mouth and nose. C. ventilate with less pressure. D. thoroughly suction the stoma.

B

A 19-year-old female is found unconscious by her roommate. Your primary assessment reveals that her breathing is inadequate. As you insert an oropharyngeal airway, she begins to gag violently. You should: A. continue to insert the airway as you suction her oropharynx. B. select a smaller oropharyngeal airway and attempt to insert it. C. remove the airway and be prepared to suction her oropharynx. D. insert the airway no further but leave it in place as a bite block.

C

Despite your attempts to coach a conscious young female's respirations, she continues to hyperventilate with a marked reduction in tidal volume. You should: A. restrain her and provide ventilatory assistance. B. insert a nasopharyngeal airway and give oxygen. C. explain to her that you will assist her ventilations. D. ventilate her at the rate at which she is breathing.

C

The hypoxic drive—the primary stimulus to breathe for patients with certain chronic respiratory diseases—is influenced by: A. high blood oxygen levels. B. low blood carbon dioxide levels. C. low blood oxygen levels. D. high blood carbon dioxide levels.

C

The nasopharyngeal airway is MOST beneficial because it: A. is generally well tolerated in conscious patients with an intact gag reflex. B. effectively maintains the airway of a patient in cardiopulmonary arrest. C. can maintain a patent airway in a semiconscious patient with a gag reflex. D. can effectively stabilize fractured nasal bones if it is inserted properly.

C

The pressure of gas in a full cylinder of oxygen is approximately _______ pounds per square inch (psi). A. 500 B. 1,000 C. 2,000 D. 1,500

C

When carbon dioxide is not exchanged, the net result is high carbon dioxide, a condition called ________, within the blood. A. hyperglycemia B. hyperthermia C. hypercarbia D. hyperoximia

C

When testing a mechanical suctioning unit, you should turn on the device, clamp the tubing, and ensure that it generates a vacuum pressure of more than: A. you do not need to test suction equipment B. 2000 mm Hg. C. 300 mm Hg. D. 10 pounds Hg.

C

Which of the following patients is breathing adequately? A. a conscious male with respirations of 18 breaths/min and reduced tidal volume B. an unconscious 52-year-old female with snoring respirations and cool, pale skin C. a conscious male with respirations of 19 breaths/min and pink skin D. a conscious female with facial cyanosis and rapid, shallow respirations

C

Which of the following patients should you place in the recovery position? A. a 19-year-old conscious male with a closed head injury and normal respirations B. a 40-year-old conscious female with a possible neck injury and regular respirations C. a 31-year-old semiconscious male with low blood sugar and adequate breathing D. a 24-year-old unconscious female who overdosed and has a reduced tidal volume

C

Which of the following respiratory rates should be cause for alarm in a 2-month-old child? A. 28 breaths/min B. 40 breaths/min C. 16 breaths/min D. 32 breaths/min

C

A 51-year-old female presents with a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She is conscious and alert and able to speak in 2-3 word sentences. Her respirations are 30 breaths/min and regular. You should: A. insert a nasal airway in case her mental status decreases. B. perform a secondary assessment and then begin treatment. C. assist her breathing with a bag-mask device and 100% oxygen. D. administer high flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask.

D

Hypoxia is MOST accurately defined as: A. a decrease in arterial oxygen levels. B. an increase in carbon dioxide in the blood. C. low venous oxygen levels. D. inadequate oxygen to the tissues and cells.

D

In the presence of adequate oxygen, the mitochondria of the cells convert glucose into energy through a process called: A. perfusion. B. anaerobic metabolism. C. respiration. D. aerobic metabolism

D

To select the proper size oropharyngeal airway, you should measure from the: A. center of the mouth to the posterior ear. B. corner of the mouth to the superior ear. C. angle of the jaw to the center of the mouth. D. corner of the mouth to the earlobe.

D

Which of the following factors will cause a decreased minute volume in an adult? A. increased tidal volume B. respirations of 20 breaths/min C. slight decrease in respiratory rate D. shallow breathing

D

You are ventilating a patient with a stoma; however, air is escaping from the mouth and nose. To prevent this, you should: A. thrust the jaw forward. B. ventilate with less pressure. C. thoroughly suction the stoma. D. seal the mouth and nose.

D

You are ventilating an 85-year-old male without difficulty. A nurse tells you that the patient has dentures. To ensure a good mask seal, you should: A. remove the dentures. B. tape the dentures in place. C. use an infant mask over the nose. D. leave the dentures in place.

D