chapter 10 bone and joint
rheumatoid arthritis
A chronic systemic disease characterized by inflammation of the joints, stiffness, pain, and swelling that results in crippling deformities
talipes equinovarus
congenital deformity of the foot; also called clubfoot
osteoporosis
decrease in bone density with an increase in porosity, causing bones to become brittle and increasing the risk of fracture
bunion
deformity characterized by lateral deviation of the great toe as it turns in toward the second toe (angulation) with an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe
Contracture
fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint
ganglion cyst
fluid filled tumor that most commonly develops along the tendons or joint of the wrists or hands but may also occur in the ankles and feet
sequestrum
fragment of necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue
gout
hereditary metabolic disease that is a form of acute arthritis, characterized by excessive uric acid in the blood and around the joints
herniated disk
herination or rupture of the nucleus pulpous (center gelatinous material within an intravertebral disk) between two vertebrae; also called prolapsed disk
Ewing sarcoma
malignant tumor that develops from bone marrow, usually in long bones or the pelvis
carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
pain or numbness resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel (wrist canal through which the flexor tendons and median nerve pass)
subluxations
partial or complete dislocation
Paget disease
skeletal disease affecting elderly people that causes chronic inflammation of bones, resulting in thickening and softening of bones and bowing of long bones; also called osteitis deformans
crepitation
the grating sound made by movement of bone ends rubbing together, indicting a fracture or joint destruction
rotator cuff injury
trauma to the capsule of the shoulder joint, which is reinforced by muscles and tendons