Chapter 10: Common Administrator Tasks

Systemd Journal Daemon (journald)

A Systemd component that logs system events to a journal database.

CUPS Web administration tool

A Web-based management tool for the CUPS printing system.

b./etc/rsyslog.conf

In which file can you configure rules for logging on a Linux system? a./etc/syslogd.conf b./etc/rsyslog.conf c./etc/syslog.rules d./etc/syslog.rules.conf

a. /etc/skel

In which of the following directories can you place files that will be copied to new user directories when new users are created? a./etc/skel b./usr/local/template c./usr/local/useradd d./etc/rc.d

cupsreject command

The command used to force a printer to reject jobs from entering print queue.

chage command

The command used to modify password expiry information for user accounts.

groupmod command

The command used to modify the name or GID of a group on the system.

passwd command

The command used to modify the password associated with a user account.

Printing

The process of sending print jobs from the print queue to the printer is called _____. spooling queuing redirecting printing

lock an account

To make an account temporarily unusable by altering the password information for it stored on the system.

False

UIDs and GIDs are unique to the system and, once used, can never be reused. True or False?

journalctl

What command can you use to view journald log entries on a system that uses Systemd? less journalctl syslog catlog

logrotate

What is the name of the utility used to rotate log files? syslog jetpack logrotate logbackup

newgrp

Which command can be used to temporarily alter the primary group associated with a given user? usermod chggrp gpasswd newgrp

/etc/login.defs

A file that contains default values for user creation.

/etc/cups/cupsd.conf

A file that holds daemon configuration for the cups daemon.

/etc/cups/printers.conf

A file that holds printer configuration for the cups daemon.

queuing

accepting print jobs into a print queue. See spooling.

cancel Printer1-17 Printer1-21

ou use lpstat and determine that a user named User1 has placed two large print jobs in the queue for Printer1 that have yet to start printing. They have print job IDs of Printer1-17 and Printer1-21, respectively. Which command would you use to remove these two jobs from the print queue? cancel Printer1-17 Printer1-21 cancel -u Printer1-17 Printer1-21 cancel -a Printer1-17 Printer1-21 cancel 17 21

useradd command

the command used to add a user account to the system

userdel command

the command used to remove a user account from the system.

lpq command

The command used to view the contents of print queues in the LPD printing system.

lpc command

The command used to view the status of and control printers in the LPD printing system.

/etc/systemd/journald.conf

The configuration file for the Systemd Journal Daemon.

chsh command

The command used to change a valid shell to an invalid shell.

lprm command

The command used to remove print jobs from the print queue in the LPD printing system.

facility

The area of the system from which information is gathered when logging system events.

id command

The command that lists UIDs for a user and the GIDs for the groups that the same user belongs to.

groups command

The command that lists group membership for a user.

groupadd command

The command used to add a group to the system.

cupsaccept command

The command used to allow a printer to accept jobs into the print queue.

/etc/shadow

The file that contains the encrypted password as well as password and account expiry parameters for each user account.

facility, priority

When referring to the /etc/rsyslog.conf file, __________ specifies information from a certain area of the system, whereas ________ is the level of importance of that information. section, priority service, precedents process, degree facility, priority

passwd -u username

Which command would you use to unlock a user account? unlock username open username passwd -u username useradd -U username

/etc/login.defs

Which file contains default information such as UID and GID ranges and minimum password length to be used at user creation? /etc/skel /etc/passwd /etc/login.defs /etc/default/useradd

a.userdel

Which of the following commands can be used to delete a user account? a.userdel b.rmuser c.expireuser d.deluser

a. lp -d printer1 mydocument.txt c.lpr -P printer1 mydocument.txt

Which of the following commands can you use to send a print job to printer1? (Choose all that apply.) a.lp -d printer1 mydocument.txt b.lpr -d printer1 mydocument.txt c.lpr -P printer1 mydocument.txt d.lp -p printer1 mydocument.txt

c.journalctl

Which of the following commands can you use to view events within the journald database? a.viewlogs --journald b.journal --display c.journalctl d.journald --list

a./var/log/btmp

Which of the following files stores information about failed logins on a Linux system? a./var/log/btmp b./var/log/nolo c./var/log/wtmp d./var/log/failed

b. sudoers

Which of the following is a special group that provides its members with the ability to run the su and sudo commands? a.sys b.sudoers c.wheel d.adm

b.dpkg.log

Which of the following is the log file where the Debian Package Manager writes entries for actions taken and packages installed? a.packages.log b.dpkg.log c.dpackage.log d.dpm.log

c.kern.log

Which of the following log files contains information and error messages generated by the Linux kernel? a.dmesg b.wtmp c.kern.log d.secure

the print queue does not accept jobs and sends a message to the user noting that the printer is unavailable

When a printer is rejecting requests,____________. the print queue does not accept jobs and sends a message to the user noting that the printer is unavailable the print queue does accept jobs into the print queue and holds them there until the printer is accepting requests again the printer appears as offline when an lp request is sent the print queue redirects all print jobs sent to it to /dev/null

c. logger

Which of the following two commands can be used to add custom log file entries to the journald database? (Choose two.) a.systemd-make b.mklog c.logger d.systemd-cate.logentry

cupsenable command

The command used to allow print jobs to leave the print queue.

Printers tool

A graphical utility used to configure printers on a Fedora 20 system.

/etc/default/useradd

A file that contains default values for user creation.

print job

The information sent to a printer for printing.

/etc/passwd

What is the name of the file that contains a listing of all users on the system and their home directories? /etc/passwd /etc/users /etc/shadow /etc/password

authentication

What is the term used to describe a user providing a user name and password to log in to a system? validation authorization login authentication

c. lpstat -o printer1

Which of the following commands will display the print jobs in the print queue for printer1 only? a.lpq -p printer1 b.lpq -d printer1 c.lpstat -o printer1 d.lp -j printer1

a. *.* /dev/tty10

Which of the following entries could be added to the rsyslog.conf configuration file to have all syslog messages displayed to console 10? a.*.* /dev/tty10 b.all /dev/tty10 c./var/log/* tty10 d.rsyslog tty10

print queue

A directory on the filesystem that holds print jobs that are waiting to be printed.

/etc/skel

A directory that contains files that are copied to all new users' home directories upon creation.

skeleton directory

A directory that contains files that are copied to all new users' home directories upon creation; the default skeleton directory on Linux systems is /etc/skel.

/var/log

A directory that contains most log files on a Linux system.

log file

A file containing information about the Linux system.

/var/log

Most log files on the system are found in which directory? /etc/logfiles /etc/log /var/log /dev/log

b./dev/log

The System Log Daemon, rsyslogd, creates a socket for other system processes to write to. What is the path to this socket? a./var/log.sock b./dev/log c./etc/rsyslog.socket d./tmp/log

authentication

The act of verifying a user's identity by comparing a user name and password to a system database (/etc/passwd and /etc/shadow).

chfn command

The command used to change the GECOS for a user.

lp command

The command used to create print jobs in the print queue in the CUPS printing system.

lpr command

The command used to create print jobs in the print queue in the LPD printing system.

groupdel command

The command used to delete a group from the system.

pwunconv command

The command used to disable the use of the /etc/shadow file.

pwconv command

The command used to enable the use of the /etc/shadow file.

usermod command

The command used to modify the properties of a user account on the system.

lpadmin command

The command used to perform printer administration in the CUPS printing system.

cupsdisable command

The command used to prevent print jobs from leaving the print queue.

journalctl command

The command used to query the database created by the Systemd Journal Daemon.

cancel command

The command used to remove print jobs from the print queue in the CUPS print system.

/etc/group

The file that contains group definitions and memberships.

/etc/logrotate.conf

The file used by the logrotate utility to specify rotation parameters for log files.

primary group

The group that is specified for a user in the /etc/passwd file and that is specified as group owner for all files created by a user.

priority

The importance of system information when logging system events.

user account

The information regarding a user that is stored in a system database (/etc/ passwd and /etc/shadow), which can be used to log in to the system and gain access to system resources.

Common Unix Printing System (CUPS)

The printing system commonly used on Linux computers.

spooling

The process of accepting a print job into a print queue.

c./etc/systemd/journald.conf

What is the path to where the journald.conf file is located? a./etc/journald/journald.conf b./etc/rsyslogd/journald.conf c./etc/systemd/journald.conf d./etc/rsyslog/journald.conf

the print queue accepts jobs into the print queue and holds them there until the printer is enabled again

When a printer is disabled, ________. the print queue does not accept jobs and sends a message to the user noting that the printer is unavailable the print queue accepts jobs into the print queue and holds them there until the printer is enabled again the printer appears as offline when an lp request is sent the print queue redirects all print jobs sent to it to /dev/null

lp file lp -d Printer1 file

Which command can be used to send a print job to the default printer named Printer1? (Choose all that apply.) lp -d Printer1 file lp Printer1 file lp file lp -m Printer1 file

usermod -L username

Which command can you use to lock a user account? lock username secure username usermod -L username useradd -L username

userdel username

Which command is used to delete a user account? usermod -d username del username userdel username rm username

True

You can clear a log file simply by redirecting nothing into it. True or False?

True

You can lock a user account by changing the default login shell to an invalid shell in /etc/passwd. True or False

b. cupsdisable Printer1

Which of the following commands can be used to pause a printer named Printer1? a.cupsdisable -c Printer1 b.cupsdisable Printer1 c.cupsreject -p Printer1 d.cupsreject Printer1

User Identifier (UID)

A unique number assigned to each user account

lpstat command

The command used to view the contents of print queues and printer information in the CUPS printing system.

printer class

A group of CUPS printers that are treated as a single unit for the purposes of printing and management.

Line Printer Daemon (LPD)

A printing system typically used on legacy Linux computers.

Group Identifier (GID)

A unique number given to each group.

print job ID

A unique numeric identifier used to mark and distinguish each print job.

logrotate command

The command used to rotate log files; typically uses the configuration information stored in /etc/logrotate.conf.

newgrp command

The command used to temporarily change the primary group of a user.

CUPS daemon (cupsd)

The daemon responsible for printing in the CUPS printing system.

System Log Daemon (rsyslogd)

The daemon that logs system events to various log files via information stored in /etc/rsyslog.conf and files within the /etc/rsyslog.d directory.

General Electric Comprehensive Operating System (GECOS)

The field in the /etc/passwd file that contains a description of the user account.

/etc/passwd

The file that contains user account information. /etc/rsyslog.conf The main configuration file for the System Log Daemon.

Internet Printing Protocol (IPP)

A printing protocol that can be used to send print jobs across a TCP/IP network, such as the Internet, using HTTP or HTTPS.