Chapter 10 Infancy and Childhood
A 4-year-old has broken his leg and is fitted with a full leg cast that impairs his mobility greatly. At a follow-up visit, the mother expresses concern that he has "started wetting the bed again." What response should the nurse provide the mother to address her concerns?
" A child's behaviour may regress to an earlier stage of development during an acute illness."
Which statement made by a child indicates they are functioning at the concrete operations level of Piaget's theory?
"There is a difference in the words here and here."
develop social smile, respond to pleasurable interactions such as looking at human faces
2 to 3 months
Laugh, squeal, loof for objects at several seconds, reach for and grasp objects
3 months
What is considered to be a normal attention span for a toddler?
5 to 10 minutes
Develop preferred sleeping position, cry to signal needs
6 weeks
The nurse observes that an infant continuously smiles, babbles, follows light and react to the noises in the environment. Based on this information, the nurse concludes that the child is approximately how old?
8 weeks
smile, babble, follow lights, react to sounds
8 weeks
A nurse is explaining cognitive development in children to a client, with the help of Piaget's theory of cognitive development. What would be the best explanation by the nurse about the formal operations level of cognitive development?
After age 12, children can think in the abstract including complex problem-solving.
Attachment to parents and other family caregivers that is of vital importance to infants
Bonding
from heat to tail
Cephalocaudal
What are the characteristics displayed by infants during the preoperational phase?
Child investigates and explores the environment
Knowledge, understanding, or perception
Cognitive
A mother tells the nurse that her child has been able to recognize a quart of milk whether it is in the milk container or poured into a plastic jug as the same amount. Based on this information that the nurse collected about the child's current cognitive development, this skill most likely is an example of what concrete operation characteristic of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
Conservation of matter
Which should the nurse identify as a common fear faced by preschoolers?
Darkness
What instruction should a nurse give to caregivers in order to handle a toddler's separation anxiety?
Deal with the toddler firmly
Change in body function
Development
Bed wetting
Enuresis
Sum of all the conditions and factors surrounding the child
Environment
Attachment is not an interactive process and does not rely on interaction from the adult or infant to be successful.
False
Change in body size and structure
Growth
Genetic factors inherited from parents
Hereditary
What advice should a nurse offer to a caregiver whose preschooler is experiencing sibling rivalry?
Individualize attention
Period of human life from age 1 to 12 months
Infancy
Based on age, what should the nurse teach the mother of a 3-month-old regarding the cognitive development of her child?
Laughs, squeals, and looks at objects for several seconds, and reaches for and grasps objects.
the knowledge that an object is seen in a particular spot but temporarily hidden form a view under a blanket continues to exist and will return to view when it is uncovered
Object Permanence
What should a nurse communicate to parents about how they can offer anticipatory guidance in their child's growth and development?
Recognize the child's pace of learning abilities
What instruction should a nurse give to caregivers in order to handle toddler tantrums in public?
Remove the child from public view
When considering human growth and development, what example describes proximodistal direction movements?
Rolling over before grasping objects.
A nurse is caring for an infant who has been diagnosed with nursing bottle mouth. The nurse knows that which is the effect of nursing bottle mouth?
Serious dental condition
What kind of play do older school-aged children indulge in?
Structured games with defined roles
The mother of an infant wants know what to expect for this infant's normal growth and development until age 2. According to Pagets theory of cognitive development, what should the nurse tell this mother?
The infant can lern by touching, tasting, and feeling.
An understanding of basic human needs is necessary before you attempt to study growth and development across the lifespan.
True
Erikson stresses that each individual is the product of interactions among hereditary, environment, and culture.
True
Infants need routines to establish feelings of trust as they begin to learn what to expect.
True
What is the most important psychosocial challenge experienced by an infant?
Trust in primary caregivers
The nurse is collecting data about a baby in the well-baby clinic. The nurse reads in the electronic medical records that are present. What behavior is observed during the physical assessment of a child confirms the presence of cephalocaudal direction movements?
While on their belly, child lifts head off the bed.
An understanding of normal behavior is not necessary before you can recognize abnormal behavior.
false
all aspects of growth and development are influenced by each other
interdependent
handling and self-stimulation of the genital organs
masturbation
the first four weeks of human life
newborn
From the center to the outside
proximodistal
return to a former state such as when the child is ill
regression
clinging to family members and pulling away from unfamiliar people
stranger anxiety
stage of human life from ages 1 to 3 years
toddler