Chapter 10 Infancy and Childhood

A 4-year-old has broken his leg and is fitted with a full leg cast that impairs his mobility greatly. At a follow-up visit, the mother expresses concern that he has "started wetting the bed again." What response should the nurse provide the mother to address her concerns?

" A child's behaviour may regress to an earlier stage of development during an acute illness."

Which statement made by a child indicates they are functioning at the concrete operations level of Piaget's theory?

"There is a difference in the words here and here."

develop social smile, respond to pleasurable interactions such as looking at human faces

2 to 3 months

Laugh, squeal, loof for objects at several seconds, reach for and grasp objects

3 months

What is considered to be a normal attention span for a toddler?

5 to 10 minutes

Develop preferred sleeping position, cry to signal needs

6 weeks

The nurse observes that an infant continuously smiles, babbles, follows light and react to the noises in the environment. Based on this information, the nurse concludes that the child is approximately how old?

8 weeks

smile, babble, follow lights, react to sounds

8 weeks

A nurse is explaining cognitive development in children to a client, with the help of Piaget's theory of cognitive development. What would be the best explanation by the nurse about the formal operations level of cognitive development?

After age 12, children can think in the abstract including complex problem-solving.

Attachment to parents and other family caregivers that is of vital importance to infants

Bonding

from heat to tail

Cephalocaudal

What are the characteristics displayed by infants during the preoperational phase?

Child investigates and explores the environment

Knowledge, understanding, or perception

Cognitive

A mother tells the nurse that her child has been able to recognize a quart of milk whether it is in the milk container or poured into a plastic jug as the same amount. Based on this information that the nurse collected about the child's current cognitive development, this skill most likely is an example of what concrete operation characteristic of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

Conservation of matter

Which should the nurse identify as a common fear faced by preschoolers?

Darkness

What instruction should a nurse give to caregivers in order to handle a toddler's separation anxiety?

Deal with the toddler firmly

Change in body function

Development

Bed wetting

Enuresis

Sum of all the conditions and factors surrounding the child

Environment

Attachment is not an interactive process and does not rely on interaction from the adult or infant to be successful.

False

Change in body size and structure

Growth

Genetic factors inherited from parents

Hereditary

What advice should a nurse offer to a caregiver whose preschooler is experiencing sibling rivalry?

Individualize attention

Period of human life from age 1 to 12 months

Infancy

Based on age, what should the nurse teach the mother of a 3-month-old regarding the cognitive development of her child?

Laughs, squeals, and looks at objects for several seconds, and reaches for and grasps objects.

the knowledge that an object is seen in a particular spot but temporarily hidden form a view under a blanket continues to exist and will return to view when it is uncovered

Object Permanence

What should a nurse communicate to parents about how they can offer anticipatory guidance in their child's growth and development?

Recognize the child's pace of learning abilities

What instruction should a nurse give to caregivers in order to handle toddler tantrums in public?

Remove the child from public view

When considering human growth and development, what example describes proximodistal direction movements?

Rolling over before grasping objects.

A nurse is caring for an infant who has been diagnosed with nursing bottle mouth. The nurse knows that which is the effect of nursing bottle mouth?

Serious dental condition

What kind of play do older school-aged children indulge in?

Structured games with defined roles

The mother of an infant wants know what to expect for this infant's normal growth and development until age 2. According to Pagets theory of cognitive development, what should the nurse tell this mother?

The infant can lern by touching, tasting, and feeling.

An understanding of basic human needs is necessary before you attempt to study growth and development across the lifespan.

True

Erikson stresses that each individual is the product of interactions among hereditary, environment, and culture.

True

Infants need routines to establish feelings of trust as they begin to learn what to expect.

True

What is the most important psychosocial challenge experienced by an infant?

Trust in primary caregivers

The nurse is collecting data about a baby in the well-baby clinic. The nurse reads in the electronic medical records that are present. What behavior is observed during the physical assessment of a child confirms the presence of cephalocaudal direction movements?

While on their belly, child lifts head off the bed.

An understanding of normal behavior is not necessary before you can recognize abnormal behavior.

false

all aspects of growth and development are influenced by each other

interdependent

handling and self-stimulation of the genital organs

masturbation

the first four weeks of human life

newborn

From the center to the outside

proximodistal

return to a former state such as when the child is ill

regression

clinging to family members and pulling away from unfamiliar people

stranger anxiety

stage of human life from ages 1 to 3 years

toddler