Chapter 10: The Person Centered Approach to Groups

Genuine therapists or facilitators tend to do which of the following? a. Engage in authentic encounters with their clients b. Pretend to be interested when they are not c. Fake attention or understanding d. Adopt behaviors designed to win approval

a. Engage in authentic encounters with their clients

A person-centered approach to play therapy can be particularly helpful when working with children. a. True b. False

a. True

Confrontation typically occurs very early in the person-centered group process. a. True b. False

a. True

Empathy involves understanding the client's perspective. a. True b. False

a. True

Even when dealing with people who have committed crimes, it is important for a client-centered therapist to maintain an attitude of unconditional positive regard. a. True b. False

a. True

Person-centered therapy rests on the belief that people seek to realize their full potential. a. True b. False

a. True

Research confirms that the quality of the therapeutic relationship in central in determining outcomes. a. True b. False

a. True

Research supports the use of the person-centered approach in schools. a. True b. False

a. True

The attitudes that facilitate change are the same across cultures. a. True b. False

a. True

The conditions that facilitate growth also typically facilitate artistic creativity. a. True b. False

a. True

The initial stage of person-centered therapy is often somewhat confusing for group members. a. True b. False

a. True

Andrew is a group facilitator of a person-centered group and is listening to a member who is telling his story of depression and anxiety. He is making eye contact with the member, and his body language is indicating that he is fully listening to what the member is saying. What element is Andrew displaying while listening to the member? a. Unconditional positive regard b. Genuineness c. Trust in the group process d. Empathic understanding

a. Unconditional positive regard

Clients who participate in person-centered therapy often identify which of the following as one of the most helpful aspects of their therapy? a. being understood b. their counselor's dynamic and directive style c. the emphasis on being positive d. the widespread use of techniques

a. being understood

In a person-centered group, what the therapist or facilitator expresses externally must be __________ with their inner experience. a. congruent b. learned c. adjacent d. opposite

a. congruent

The person-centered approach emphasizes the personal qualities of the group leader (facilitator) rather than the techniques of ________________. a. leading b. following c. challenging d. learning

a. leading

According to your text, the person-centered approach to therapy challenged which model of therapy? a. medical b. Gestalt c. sociocultural d. existential

a. medical

The key elements of a person-centered learning environment include which of the following? a. teachers place a great deal of emphasis on imparting information to students b. teachers assume responsibility for what students do and do not learn c. teachers emphasize the importance of formal evaluations d. teachers discover ingenious ways to help students learn.

a. teachers place a great deal of emphasis on imparting information to students

Which of the following is a key principle in person-centered expressive arts? a. the role of a facilitator is to evaluate members' art. b. most of us lack creativity, but artistic methods can be taught. c. the creative process is, in itself, profoundly healing. d. feelings and emotions use energy and are thus antithetical to creation.

a. the role of a facilitator is to evaluate members' art.

The concept of unconditional positive regard is most closely associated with which factor? a. warmth b. trust c. congruence d. genuineness

a. warmth

Which of the following occurs when a group of diverse people are deeply in tune with their own feelings and thoughts? a. Psychological freedom b. Collective resonance c. Empathic understanding d. Openness to experience

b. Collective resonance

Which of the following offers many exercises to move the group process forward throughout the life cycle of a client-centered group? a. Stimulating and challenging experiences b. Creative connection for groups c. Collective resonance d. Psychological freedom

b. Creative connection for groups

Which is the third facilitative aspect of person-centered group therapy? a. Genuineness b. Empathic understanding c. Unconditional positive regard d. Rapport

b. Empathic understanding

A strength of the person-centered approach is its emphasis on the active role played by clients. a. True b. False

b. False

Because it is so divisive, discussion of privilege should be avoided in person-centered groups. a. True b. False

b. False

Establishing a climate of safety and trust is crucial to discussing issues like the experience of racism. a. True b. False

b. False

Expressive arts therapy starts with teaching group members artistic skills. a. True b. False

b. False

Group facilitators should strictly refrain from taking the lead in groups. a. True b. False

b. False

In his later work, Rogers focused on developing a useful set of specific therapeutic techniques. a. True b. False

b. False

Rogers believed that groups need facilitators who are actively involved in leading groups. a. True b. False

b. False

The person-centered approach does not work effectively in non-Western cultures. a. True b. False

b. False

The person-centered approach emphasizes the facilitator's technical skills. a. True b. False

b. False

When person-centered groups are not effective, it is usually because group members lack motivation to change. a. True b. False

b. False

Peter presents himself in group as a tough, strong, and stable person, when in reality he is very shy, and unstable. Carl Rogers would say this is an example of what process pattern in a client-centered group? a. Milling around b. Resistance to personal expression c. Cracking of facades d. Description of past feelings

b. Resistance to personal expression

In person-centered approaches, emotionally focused empathy helps clients: a. pay attention to and value their monetary gain. b. increase their confidence in their perceptions and judgment and their ability to make sound decisions and take action. c. process experiences through behavior modification. d. view old experiences as reasons for current behavior and attempt to not relive any of these experiences.

b. increase their confidence in their perceptions and judgment and their ability to make sound decisions and take action.

Person-centered therapy has evolved through diversity, inventiveness, creativity, and ______________ in practice. a. collectiveness b. individualization c. focus d. growth

b. individualization

Which of the following best describes a contribution of the person-centered approach to groups? a. it focuses on an objective view of behavior. b. it has relied on research to validate the concepts and practices of this approach. c. it has generated a wide range of therapeutic techniques. d. it stresses the leader's ability to translate therapy into practice by focusing on the skills.

b. it has relied on research to validate the concepts and practices of this approach.

What did Rogers call person-centered groups whose size reached from 75 to 800 people? a. person-centered villages b. large community groups c. person-centered retreats d. expressive arts camps

b. large community groups

A person-centered therapist is most likely to do which of the following? a. diagnosis b. listen actively c. interpret motives d. educate

b. listen actively

Which of the following in most likely to occur in a person-centered group? a. probing and questioning b. listening and understanding c. direct confrontation of games in an aggressive manner d. structured communication exercises in groups

b. listening and understanding

Which of the following is the best definition of empathy? a. to feel pity for the client. b. to tell the client that you know what he or she is feeling c. to sense the private world of the client as if it were yours d. to feel sympathy

c. to sense the private world of the client as if it were yours

A number of humanistic theorists have contributed to a movement often referred to as the ___________________ in psychology. a. "fourth force" b. "second force" c. "first force" d. "third force"

d. "third force"

Which of the following is considered central to the practice of person-centered group work? a. Collective resonance b. Unconditional positive regard c. Genuineness d. Accurate empathy

d. Accurate empathy

Which of the following would be stressed the most in a person-centered group? a. Confronting members with early decisions that are no longer appropriate b. Giving members written homework assignments to practice skills c. Exploring transference d. Empathy and acceptance

d. Empathy and acceptance

In person-centered approaches, the congruence of a group leader reflects which of the following qualities? a. Empathy b. Immediacy c. Respect d. Genuineness

d. Genuineness

Which of the following is a basic concept of primary importance in all of the humanistic approaches to psychotherapy? a. Belief that humans are stuck b. Concern and respect for the objective experience of each person c. Tendency to remain in one place d. Importance of self-awareness

d. Importance of self-awareness

Which of the following is a lack of defensiveness and an ability to perceive the existential moment as it is without prejudgment? a. Motivation to change b. Self-challenge c. Focus d. Openness to experience

d. Openness to experience

Which of the following statements captures Rogers' perspective on group leadership styles? a. Rogers affirmed the value of a "top-down approach to therapy. b. Rogers felt that leaders ought to create exercised that facilitate catharsis. c. Rogers emphasized the importance of the facilitator-group member relationships. d. Rogers favored a group of specific, structured techniques.

d. Rogers favored a group of specific, structured techniques.

When we are able to listen to the response of others and not be overly concerned with their reactions, we are _________________. a. able to develop an external locus of evaluation b. behaving in a rude manner and should apologize to them c. in denial and are buffering ourselves from criticism d. able to develop an internal locus of evaluation

d. able to develop an internal locus of evaluation

The concept of empathic understanding refers to the group leader's ability to do which of the following? a. genuinely like the members b. feel exactly what the members are feeling c. objectively understand the dynamic of a member d. accurately sense the feelings and meanings of members

d. accurately sense the feelings and meanings of members

By valuing and accepting members' experiences without conditions, group leaders do which of the following? a. increase client defensiveness b. promote comparisons among clients c. foster dependency in the therapeutic relationship d. enable clients to be more involved in their therapy

d. enable clients to be more involved in their therapy

A person-centered group counselor is best described as a which of the following? a. teacher. b. friend. c. judge. d. facilitator.

d. facilitator.

In person-centered therapy, congruence may also be described which of the following? a. empathy b. respect c. immediacy d. genuineness

d. genuineness

Rogers questioned the validity of which of the following therapeutic procedures, which are widely used in other approaches? a. empathy b. genuineness c. unconditional positive regard d. giving advice

d. giving advice

Which of the following best describes the basic assumption underlying the person-centered approach to groups? a. members are prone to faulty thinking. b. members need guidance from an expert to resolve their problems. c. members need a structured learning experience to benefit from a group. d. human beings tend to move toward self-actualization.

d. human beings tend to move toward self-actualization.

As the group movement developed, the person-centered approach became which of the following: a. decreasingly concerned with reducing human suffering. b. increasingly concerned with increasing conflict and reducing human suffering. c. decreasingly concerned with conflict resolution on an international scale. d. increasingly concerned with reducing human suffering, with cross-cultural awareness, and with conflict resolution on an international scale.

d. increasingly concerned with reducing human suffering, with cross-cultural awareness, and with conflict resolution on an international scale.

Which of the following is considered to be a crucial factor in determining the outcome of the person-centered group? a. the leader's technical skills b. the leader's relationship with group members c. the leader's knowledge of group dynamics d. the members' willingness to think rationally

b. the leader's relationship with group members

Rogers originally asserted that the core conditions for growth operate in which fashion? a. sequentially b. together c. intermittently d. independently

b. together

In person-centered approaches, unconditional positive regard means which of the following? a. Liking everything about the members b. Always approving of what members do outside of the group c. Acceptance, without stipulations, of a member as a person of worth d. Being tolerant of any behaviors in a group

c. Acceptance, without stipulations, of a member as a person of worth

Which of the following is a multimodal client-centered approach integrating mind, body, emotions, and spiritual inner resources through the use of various art forms? a. Interpretive dance therapy b. Play therapy c. Expressive arts therapy d. Sand tray therapy

c. Expressive arts therapy

Which of the following is an example of an obstacle or barrier that works against progress in a client-centered group? a. Acceptance and warmth for every member b. Too much self-disclosure c. Lack of attending and empathy d. Belief that the therapeutic process works for everyone

c. Lack of attending and empathy

The basic tenet underlying the person-centered approach to group work was stated concisely by which theorist? a. Piaget b. Maslow c. Rogers d. Jung

c. Rogers

Which of the following is considered most important in the person-centered approach? a. Accurate diagnosis and formulation of a treatment plan b. Accurate interpretation on the part of the leader c. The attitudes of a group leader d. Analysis of underlying dynamics of behavior

c. The attitudes of a group leader

A person-centered group counselor is best described as: a. a colleague. b. a behavioral coach. c. a facilitator. d. a teacher.

c. a facilitator.

The conditions of genuineness, unconditional positive regard, and empathy are best described by the person-centered approach as which of the following? a. necessary but not sufficient to effect change b. neither necessary nor sufficient factors of client change c. both necessary and sufficient factors to effect change d. sufficient but not necessary to produce changes in clients

c. both necessary and sufficient factors to effect change

According to Rogers, "cracking of facades" refers to which of the following? a. defying the facilitator b. a worsening of symptoms c. dropping masks d. resistance to therapy

c. dropping masks

According to the text, Rogers was regarded as a(n) _________________; his ideas challenged the medical model of traditional therapeutic approaches. a. outspoken and boisterous man b. fraud c. quiet revolutionary d. annoying pest to the medical establishment

c. quiet revolutionary

It is ________ for a group facilitator to be able to genuinely provide unconditional acceptance for every member on a consistent basis. a. poor b. common c. rare d. perfect

c. rare

Which of the following would be stressed the most in a person-centered group? a. confronting members with early decisions that are no longer appropriate b. getting members to involve themselves in fantasy exercises c. the attitudes of the therapist including their empathy d. identifying errors in thinking that lead to pathology

c. the attitudes of the therapist including their empathy

Which of the following is considered important in the person-centered approach? a. accurate interpretation on the part of the leader b. accurate diagnosis and formulation of a treatment plan c. the personal qualities of a group leader d. analysis of underlying dynamics of behavior

c. the personal qualities of a group leader

The underlying philosophy behind creative arts groups is that a safe and creative environment will allow participants to discover which of the following? a. the meaning of life b. their unconscious processes c. their genuine selves d. significant past conflicts

c. their genuine selves