Chapter 10

Researchers estimate the heritability of extraverted personality is

40% to 60%

According to Jung's hypothesis, which of the following refers to the primitive images contained in the collective unconscious?

Archetypes

_______ in part reflects the horrors of mass destruction of human life through war and genocide, frequent events in the 20th century.

Existentialism

Identify the factors that make up the Big Five factor model.

Extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness

_______ tests are tests whose items must be answered in a specified, limited manner and have concrete answers.

Objective

According to behaviorists, personality is formed by _________.

Situational or environmental influences

Observational learning is one of the foundations of _________.

Social cognitive theory

Which of the following is a focus of Erikson's theory of personality and development?

Social relationships

________ is the process by which test scores from various population groups, are obtained and organized so that the test results can be compared to those with similar demographic profiles.

Standardization

Which of the following Freudian psychic structures is present in a person at birth?

The Id

Which of the following is a focus of the psychodynamic theory?

The far-reaching effects of childhood events on personality.

The __________ mind contains primitive instincts such as sex and aggression.

Unconscious

Celia is taking an interest inventory. One of the questions asks her to select her preferred activity from among traveling, reading books, and cooking. The question does not give her a "none of the above" option. What is the format of the interest inventory called?

Forced-choice format

Which fo the following is true of collectivists?

They are more likely to conform to group judgements

Research on acculturation shows that people who do not fully surrender their traditional backgrounds:

Have higher self-esteem than those who do

While on a study tour, Kruti realized how the trip had really helped her gain perspective on her life and why she is working towards earning her degree. What theory best explains this?

Humanism

Which of the following is true of the trait theory?

It focuses on describing traits rather than on tracing their origins.

_________ are beliefs that we can accomplish certain things.

Self-efficacy expectations

In the context of the five-factor model, which of the following traits are characteristic of neuroticism?

Nervousness, moodiness, and sensitivity to negative stimuli

_______ can be defined as the reasonably stable patterns of emotions, motives, and behavior that distinguish one person from another.

Personality