chapter 10

An oral or written request made to a court at any time before, during, or after court proceedings, asking the court to make a specified finding, decision, or order is also known as:

A motion.

A preliminary hearing is held to:

Allow the defendant to enter a plea.

Which of the following is NOT a type of juror challenge?

Challenges for knowledge

An oral summation of a case presented to a judge, or to a judge and jury, by the prosecution or by the defense in a criminal trial is called the:

Closing argument.

The release by executive decision of a prisoner from a federal or state correctional facility who has not served his or her full sentence and whose freedom is contingent on obeying specified rules of behavior is called a:

Conditional release.

Which is an example of a group designed to help improve the court system and the adjudication process?

Court-watch groups

A defendant is usually present during a grand jury inquiry and the defense counsel cross-examines witnesses.T/F

False

Challenge to the Array is tool used by judges to bar real evidence from the criminal trial.T/F

False

Release on recognizance is the pretrial release of a defendant who posts a minimum of 10% of the cash necessary for release on bond.T/F

False

The motion for a bill of particulars asks the court to order the prosecutor to provide detailed information about the witnesses the defendant will be facing in court.T/F

False

The reasonable doubt standard is the standard of proof necessary for conviction in most, but all, criminal trials.T/F

False

The formal notice of charges is made at what stage of the court process?

First appearance

An appearance before a magistrate during which the legality of the defendant's arrest is initially assessed and the defendant is informed of the charges on which he or she is being held is known as:

First appearance.

Which of the following are comprised of citizens to hear evidence presented by the prosecution and serve primarily as filters to eliminate cases for which there is not sufficient evidence for further processing?

Grand juries

An example of a trial that gains national attention and becomes a media circus occurred with whose 2013 conviction for murder?

Jodi Arias

Which of the following types of pleas is most similar to a guilty plea?

Nolo contendere

Bail serves two purposes. One is to help ensure the reappearance of the accused at trial. The other is to:

Prevent people who have not been convicted from suffering imprisonment unnecessarily.

Weapons, tire tracks, and fingerprints are examples of which type of evidence?

Real evidence

Which term refers to court rules that govern the admissibility of evidence at criminal hearings and trials?

Rules of evidence

Which of the following refers to oral evidence offered by a sworn witness on the witness stand during a criminal trial?

Testimony

The two-sided structure under which American criminal trial courts operate is also known as:

The adversarial system.

Release on recognizance is defined as:

The pretrial release of a criminal defendant on his or her written promise to appear in court as required.

The primary purpose of the criminal trial is:

To determine the guilt or innocence of a defendant.

A "hung jury" is a jury that is deadlocked and cannot come to a unanimous decision. T/F

True

An oral summation of a case presented to a judge, or to a judge and jury, by the prosecution or by the defense in a criminal trial is known as the closing argument.T/F

True

Automatic video recording of the proceedings, using ceiling-mounted cameras with voice-initiated switching, is a step in attempting to improve the adjudication process. T/F

True

Built-in video playback facilities for out-of-court testimony is an example of ways of improving the adjudication process.T/F

True

Dying declarations and spontaneous statements are considered exceptions to the hearsay rule. T/F

True

Hearsay is something that is not based on the personal knowledge of a witness; rather, on the repetition of information.T/F

True

Instituting a professional jury system is an idea for improving the jury system in the United States. T/F

True

Perjury is the intentional making of a false statement as part of the testimony by a sworn witness in a judicial proceeding on a matter relevant to the case at hand.T/F

True

Plea bargaining circumvents the trial process and dramatically reduces the time required for the resolution of a criminal case.T/F

True

Testimony is oral evidence offered by a sworn witness on the witness stand during a criminal trial.T/F

True

Which is the decision of the jury in a jury trial or of a judicial officer in a nonjury trial and decides the guilt or innocence of a defendant?

Verdict

McNabb v. U.S. formally established that a defendant being held in custody has a right to appear in court before a magistrate:

Within 48 hours.