Chapter 10.4

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neurons are classified into three major groups based on what?

structural differences and functional differences

how are the cells of nervous tissue intimately related?

they extend from the same neural stem cells and remain associated throughout their existence

most sensory neurons have what type of cell structure?

unipolar

the cell bodies of this neuron can be found in ganglia

unipolar

the cell bodies of some interneurons aggregate in specialized masses of nervous tissue called___________?

nuclei

resemble astrocytes, but are smaller and have fewer processes

oligodendrocytes

functional characteristics of an interneuron

relays information between neurons in the brain and spinal chord

at their distal ends, the dendrites of these neurons act as receptors, detecting changes in the outside world

sensory neurons

neurons are functionally classified as ________________?

sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons

the 10 functions of neuroglia

1. fill spaces 2. support neurons 3. hold nervous tissue together 4. help metabolize glucose 5. help regulate potassium ion concentration 6. produce myelin 7. carry on phagocytosis 8. rid synapses of excess ions and neurotransmitters 9. nourish neurons 10. stimulate synapse formation

neuroglia that aids the metabolism of certain substances

astrocytes

neuroglia that provide support and hold structures together with abundant cellular processes

astrocytes

play an important role in the blood brain barrier

astrocytes

star-shaped cells found between blood vessels

astrocytes

the four types of CNS neuroglia

astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependyma

types of neuroglia in the CNS

astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells

these neurons are found in special parts of the eyes, nose, and ears

bipolar neurons

structural characteristic of a bipolar neuron

cell body with a process arising from each end; one axon and the other a dendrite

structural characteristic of a unipolar neuron

cell body with a single process that divides into two branches and functions as an axon

structural characteristic of a multipolar neuron

cell body with many processes, one of which is an axon, the rest dendrites

functional characteristics of a motor neuron

conducts impulses from the brain or spinal chord out to effectors-muscles or glands

functional characteristics of a sensory neuron

conducts impulses from the receptors in peripheral body parts into the brain or spinal chord

location of a unipolar neuron

found in the ganglia

location of a bipolar neuron

in specialized parts of the eyes, nose, and ears

location of a multipolar neuron

most common type of neuron in the brain and the spinal chord; but is also found in the ganglia of the autonomic nervous system

structural characteristic of a sensory neuron

most unipolar, but some are bipolar and multipolar

structural characteristic of a motor neuron

multipolar

structural characteristic of an interneuron

multipolar

most neurons that lie within the brain or spinal chord are this type

multipolar neuron

neurons are structurally classified as ______________?

multipolar, bipolar, and unipolar


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