Chapter 11

According to the text, approximately how many youths are in some form of correctional institution in the United States today? a. 25,000 b. 54,000 c. 72,000 d. 103,000

54,000

Although some states allow it, juveniles do not have a constitutional right to a jury trial. a. True b. False

A

Which of the following statements about a detention hearing is true? a. A detention hearing involves the fact-finding process wherein the juvenile court determines whether there is sufficient evidence to sustain the allegations in a petition. b. A detention hearing is the equivalent of sentencing for adult offenders. c. A detention hearing is normally held to determine whether to remand the child to a shelter. d. A detention hearing finds the child delinquent guilty and the court must decide what should be done to treat the child.

A detention hearing is normally held to determine whether to remand the child to a shelter.

What is not an area for which an evaluation of the Juvenile Mentoring Program (JUMP) found significant reductions in risk? a. Aggressive behavior/delinquency b. Academic achievement c. Peer relationships d. Mental health

Academic achievement

Jessica is 16, single, and a mother of a 3-month-old baby girl. She has been provided weekly visits by a nurse who comes to her place of residence. The nurse gives advice to Jessica about the care of her child, infant development, and the importance of proper nutrition. What is not a long-term desirable effect of home visitation programs? a. Substantial financial benefits for government and taxpayers b. Girls incurred significantly fewer arrests and convictions c. Reduction in child abuse and neglect d. All are desired effects

All are desired effects

What is not one of the key features of a highly structured preschool program? a. Developmentally appropriate learning curricula. b. Activities for parents to support the school experience at home. c. A wide array of cognitive-based enriching activities. d. Allowance for the administration of corporal punishment with parental approval.

Allowance for the administration of corporal punishment with parental approval.

Which of the following programs is not a delinquency prevention effort? a. Mentoring b. Boot camps c. Preschool d. Job training

Boot camps

Which statement about the Nurse-Family Partnership program is false? a. The program targeted first-time mothers-to-be who were under 19 years of age, unmarried, or poor. b. Children of mothers who received home visits had as many arrests as children of mothers who were not in the program c. Those in the program were less reliant on welfare and social services than mothers not in the home visitation program. d. The home visitors gave advice to the mothers about care of the child, infant development, and the importance of proper nutrition and avoiding smoking and drinking during pregnancy.

Children of mothers who received home visits had as many arrests as children of mothers who were not in the program

Tony is 15 and was caught vandalizing school property. He is a first-time, nonviolent offender and was offered to have his case heard in front of his peers. What is not one of the potential benefits of the alternative program Tony participated in? a. Accountability b. Cost savings c. Community disintegration d. Timeliness

Community disintegration

Tony is 15 and was caught vandalizing school property. He is a first-time, nonviolent offender and was offered to have his case heard in front of his peers. Youth courts are part of a comprehensive juvenile justice strategy of which what component is not included? a. Prevention in early childhood b. Intervention for at-risk youths c. Graduated sanctions for serious offenders d. Consistent use of detention for status offenders

Consistent use of detention for status offenders

The juvenile justice system exercises jurisdiction over which two distinct categories of offenders? a. Abused and neglected b. Delinquent and status c. PINS and CHINS d. Chronic and deprived

Delinquent and status

Johnny is 13, impulsive, failing school, and is poorly supervised by his parents. He was placed into Big Brothers/Big Sisters. He was matched with a male volunteer who encourages and supports him in various academic ventures and serves as a role model. What broad category of delinquency prevention is being provided to Johnny through his participation in Big Brothers/Big Sisters? a. Developmental perspective b. Systemic review c. Public health approach d. Deinstitutionalization

Developmental perspective

Tony is 15 and was caught vandalizing school property. He is a first-time, nonviolent offender and was offered to have his case heard in front of his peers. What type of program has been offered to Tony? a. Systematic b. Deinstitutionalization c. Decarceration d. Diversion

Diversion

Of the evaluations of job training programs, what statement is true? a. Participation in the program resulted in varied increases in criminal activity. b. For each dollar that was spent on the program, there was a greater cost to taxpayers. c. Educational attainment did not flourish under the programs. d. Due to skills learned, greater earnings were gained by those in the programs

Due to skills learned, greater earnings were gained by those in the programs

1. Delinquency repression involves any nonjustice program or policy designed to prevent the occurrence of a future delinquent act. a. True b. False

F

A comprehensive juvenile justice strategy focuses on delinquency prevention without regard for handling serious juvenile offenders. a. True *b. False

F

A key feature of a cognitive-based preschool program focuses on specific attributes and activities so as not to overwhelm the children or parents. a. True b. False

F

According to the latest statistics, about half of all children arrested are referred to the juvenile court. a. True b. False

F

Adults have a constitutional right to counsel, whereas juveniles do not. a. True b. False

F

Head Start and Smart Start are examples of intervention programs that focus on teenage youths. a. True b. False

F

In the 1940s, the U.S. Supreme Court radically altered the juvenile justice system when it issued a series of decisions that established the right of juveniles to receive due process of law. a. True b. False

F

Like adults, juveniles are indicted for a crime. a. True b. False

F

Pretrial motions are not allowed in the juvenile justice system. a. True b. False

F

Research results indicate that early family/parent training has no effect on reducing antisocial behavior and delinquency. a. True b. False

F

Teen courts are similar to other juvenile justice programs because adults determine the disposition in a case. a. True b. False

F

The concept of deinstitutionalization was established by the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Act of 1994. a. True b. False

F

The standard of arrest is similar for adults and juveniles. a. True b. False

F

While moderately effective, only about 10 percent of states are experimenting with juvenile drug courts and teen courts, primarily due to a lack of funding. a. True b. False

F

YouthBuild U.S.A. is the best-known and largest job training program for disadvantaged, unemployed youths. a. True b. False

F

Like adults, juveniles are protected against unreasonable searches and seizures under the ________________ and Fourteenth Amendments of the Constitution. a. Fifth b. Eight c. Fourth d. Seventh

Fourth

Which of the following statements about the U.S. juvenile justice system is false? a. In all 50 states and the District of Columbia, 19 is the maximum age for a youth to fall under the jurisdiction of the juvenile court. b. Most of the nation's police agencies have juvenile components. c. Most children come into the justice system as a result of contact with a police officer. d. None of the above statements are false.

In all 50 states and the District of Columbia, 19 is the maximum age for a youth to fall under the jurisdiction of the juvenile court.

Based on work by Gottfredson and associates, what school-based program does not work? a. Programs aimed at building school capacity to initiate and sustain innovation b. Instructional programs that limit focus to a few social competency skills c. Programs aimed at clarifying and communicating norms about behaviors d. Classroom or instructional management

Instructional programs that limit focus to a few social competency skills

What statement about the developmental perspective on delinquency prevention is false? a. It is informed by human development theories and longitudinal studies. b. It is designed to prevent the development of criminal potential in individuals. c. Prevention activities are organized around different stages of the life course. d. It should be provided to children only due to their age.

It should be provided to children only due to their age.

What statement about either form of delinquency prevention is false? a. Delinquency prevention refers to intervening in young people's lives before they engage in delinquency. b. Delinquency control involves any justice program or policy designed to prevent the occurrence of a future delinquent act. c. Both forms of delinquency prevention have a common goal of trying to prevent the occurrence of a future delinquent act. d. Many types of delinquency prevention programs do not involve juvenile justice personnel such as the police.

Many types of delinquency prevention programs do not involve juvenile justice personnel such as the police.

Johnny is 13, impulsive, failing school, and is poorly supervised by his parents. He was placed into Big Brothers/Big Sisters. He was matched with a male volunteer who encourages and supports him in various academic ventures and serves as a role model. What type of program is Big Brothers/Big Sisters? a. Mentoring b. School c. Restorative justice d. Home visitation

Mentoring

Which of the following is not a benefit of using the comprehensive juvenile justice strategy as discussed in the text? a. Greater integration of services across juvenile justice, child welfare, and other youth-serving agencies b. Fewer delinquents becoming adult offenders c. More youths entering the juvenile justice system d. Decreased costs of juvenile corrections

More youths entering the juvenile justice system

Jessica is 16, single, and a mother of a 3-month-old baby girl. She has been provided weekly visits by a nurse who comes to her place of residence. The nurse gives advice to Jessica about the care of her child, infant development, and the importance of proper nutrition. What type of delinquency prevention is home visitation within this scenario? a. Primary prevention b. Secondary prevention c. Tertiary prevention d. Risk prevention

Primary prevention

According to the text, which of the following is the most common sentence given to juvenile offenders? a. Parole b. Probation c. Detention d. Residential treatment

Probation

Jessica is 16, single, and a mother of a 3-month-old baby girl. She has been provided weekly visits by a nurse who comes to her place of residence. The nurse gives advice to Jessica about the care of her child, infant development, and the importance of proper nutrition. What broad category of delinquency prevention is being provided to Jessica and her baby? a. Developmental perspective b. Systemic review c. Public health approach d. Deinstitutionalization

Public health approach

What statement regarding delinquency prevention programs is false? a. Recent research shows that the general public is not supportive of delinquency prevention programs due to costs. b. Early childhood delinquency prevention programs aim at positively influencing the early risk factors or "root causes" of delinquency. c. Early childhood interventions are often multidimensional and targeted at more than one risk factor. d. No statement is false.

Recent research shows that the general public is not supportive of delinquency prevention programs due to costs.

According to research by Tolan and colleagues, in what area did mentoring have the largest effect? a. Reducing aggression/delinquency b. Academic achievement c. Reducing teen pregnancy d. Reducing alcohol and drug use

Reducing aggression/delinquency

2. Key ways to classify delinquency prevention programs include the public health approach and developmental perspective. a. True b. False

T

Both juveniles and adults can be placed in pretrial detention facilities. a. True b. False

T

Effective mentoring relationships point to the need for the mentors to display empathy and pay particular attention to and nurture the strengths of the young person. a. True b. False

T

Efforts to ensure that juveniles are given appropriate treatment are consistent with the doctrine of parens patriae that predominated in the first half of the twentieth century. a. True b. False

T

If a child denies an allegation of delinquency, an adjudicatory hearing or trial is scheduled. a. True b. False

T

In a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of drug courts, it was found that juvenile drug courts had a smaller effect on recidivism than do adult drug courts. a. True b. False

T

Probation is the most commonly used formal sentence for juvenile offenders. a. True b. False

T

Recent evidence has depicted a slowdown of sorts in the get-tough approach toward juvenile offenders in many states. a. True b. False

T

Research has found that the public values early prevention and offender rehabilitation and treatment over the increased incarceration of offenders. a. True b. False

T

School programs that focus on developing self-control and skills in stress management, responsible decision making, social problem solving, and communication have been found to be effective in delinquency prevention. a. True b. False

T

The criminal trial is called an adjudicatory hearing in the juvenile justice system. a. True b. False

T

According to work by Gottfredson and colleagues, what is the main difference between school programs that work and those that do not work? a. Targeting an array of important risk factors b. Increasing school security measures c. Focusing on the biggest risk factor only d. Eliminating poorly evaluated teachers

Targeting an array of important risk factors

Which of the following statements about the juvenile justice system is false? a. The terminology used in juvenile justice is designed to stigmatize kids. b. Some states are experimenting with peer-run teen courts. c. The juvenile justice process consists of a series of steps from intake through postdisposition. d. There are conflicting values in juvenile justice that pit crime control against treatment.

The terminology used in juvenile justice is designed to stigmatize kids.

Which of the following is true about Job Corps? a. The Department of Education developed the program hoping for reductions in social assistance dependence and delinquency. b. The three main components of the program are vocational skills training, basic education, and health care. c. Participation in the program led to an increase in criminal activity due to involvement with deviant and delinquent peers and mentors. d. Most of the young people enrolled in the program are not at risk for delinquency, substance abuse, or social assistance dependency.

The three main components of the program are vocational skills training, basic education, and health care

Jessica is 16, single, and a mother of a 3-month-old baby girl. She has been provided weekly visits by a nurse who comes to her place of residence. The nurse gives advice to Jessica about the care of her child, infant development, and the importance of proper nutrition. Which is true about children of the mothers involved in home visitation programs compared to those whose mothers were not involved in home visitation programs? a. They are arrested as much as other kids. b. They were more likely to run away. c. They have as many convictions. d. They were less likely to drink alcohol.

They were less likely to drink alcohol.

Which of the following is not a feature that accounts for the success of the Nurse-Family Partnership? a. Use of nurses b. Targeted nature c. Use of paraprofessionals d. Intensity

Use of paraprofessionals

According to the text, what is the biggest issue with mentoring programs? a. What the mentors actually do and how they do it b. How the mentor and mentee are matched c. Why the mentee is there d. When the relationship ends

When the relationship ends

What research finding about cognitive-based preschool programs is true? a. Those who received the program reported as many offenses as the control group. b. In comparison to the control group, preschoolers completed more school and had higher monthly earnings. c. Whether in preschool or not, findings demonstrated that the dropout rate was similar for the preschoolers and the control group.

Whether in preschool or not, findings demonstrated that the dropout rate was similar for the preschoolers and the control group.

A(n) __________________ for a juvenile is similar to a criminal trial for an adult. a. bifurcated process b. adjudicatory hearing c. disposition hearing d. sentencing hearing

adjudicatory hearing

A comprehensive juvenile justice strategy includes: a. prevention in early childhood b. intervention for at-risk teenage youths c. proper utilization of detention and confinement d. all of the above

all of the above

Most juvenile court acts require a dispositional hearing separate from the adjudication; this procedure is known as a(n): a. bifurcated process b. adjudicatory hearing c. sanctioned hearing d. juvenile justice process

bifurcated process

Many experts believe that juvenile incarceration is overused and support removing as many youths from secure confinement as possible. This concept is called: a. alternative sanctions b. decarceration c. deinstitutionalization d. waivers

deinstitutionalization

Programs or policies designed to prevent juvenile delinquency that include police making an arrest as part of an operation to address gang problems are considered: a. delinquency prevention b. randomized trials c. delinquency control d. experimental prevention

delinquency control

Programs or policies designed to prevent delinquency that involve day care providers, nurses, teachers, and social workers fall under: a. delinquency prevention b. randomized trials c. delinquency control d. experimental prevention

delinquency prevention

If the youth is adjudicated delinquent, the court must decide an outcome or treatment approach; this decision is made during the: a. adjudication hearing b. pretrial conference c. dispositional hearing d. arraignment

dispositional hearing

Under the parens patriae philosophy, juvenile justice procedures are: a. informal and nonadversarial b. petitioned and sanctioned c. formal and bifurcated d. formal and adversarial

informal and nonadversarial

Which of the following is not a potential benefit of teen courts? a. Offender accountability b. Inhibiting community-court relationships c. Timeliness d. Decreased cost

inhibiting community-court relationships

Juvenile aftercare is similar to ____________________ for adults. a. probation b. parole c. incarceration d. treatment

parole

Programs that focus on improving the general well-being of individuals through such measures as access to health care services and general prevention education are considered: a. primary prevention b. secondary prevention c. tertiary prevention d. delinquency repression

primary prevention

Academic achievement, parental support and efficacy, and religiosity decrease the risk of occurrence of a future delinquent act and are considered: a. risk factors b. protective factors c. control factors d. delinquency repression

protective factor

One of the first efforts to classify juvenile delinquency prevention was divided into primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention and grew out of ________________ approach. a. developmental b. experimental c. public health d. prevention

public health

Child abuse, poverty, intrafamilial violence, and harsh punishment increase the risk of occurrence of a future delinquent act and are considered: a.. risk factors b. protective factors c. control factors d. delinquency repression

risk factors

Johnny is 13, impulsive, failing school, and is poorly supervised by his parents. He was placed into Big Brothers/Big Sisters. He was matched with a male volunteer who encourages and supports him in various academic ventures and serves as a role model. Johnny's characteristics are ______________________ that increase the potential for future delinquency. a. risk factors b. control factors c. protective factors d. suppressive factors

risk factors

Intervention with adjudicated juvenile offenders where the goal is to reduce repeat offending or recidivism through such measures as substance abuse treatment and imprisonment is: a. primary prevention b. secondary prevention c. tertiary prevention d. delinquency repression

tertiary prevention

The National Research Council and Institute of Medicine's Panel on Juvenile Crime expressed alarm over an increasingly punitive juvenile justice system and recommended that the federal government should assist states: a. to develop community-based alternatives b. to develop residential intervention programs designed to reduce delinquency c. in focusing their efforts on the protection of the community d. by limiting monetary incentives for peer-run alternative courts

to develop community-based alternatives

The main goal of Job Corps, developed and designed by the Department of Labor, is: a. to decrease criminal activity among the participants b. to provide health care to participants c. to improve the employability of participants d. to assist with educational attainment

to improve the employability of participants

Waiving a juvenile who committed a serious crime is not dependent upon: a. prior record b. likelihood of rehabilitation c. availability of treatment services d. victim's impact statement

victim's impact statement