Speech Final Exam

context of

Josh is planning his speech and he carefully considers the following questions: who, to whom, what, where, when, why, and how. Josh is focusing upon the ___________ his presentation

problem-solution

Monroe's Motivated Sequence is essentially a _______________ pattern of organization with an added step

report

a brief, concise, informative presentation that fulfills a class assignment, updates a committee about work performed by a subcommittee, reveals the results of a study, provides recent findings, or identifies the latest developments in a current situation of interest

your theme or main concept

a central idea is

highlighting key words and phrases

a characteristic of a presentation outline is

specific purpose statement

a concise, precise infinitive phrase composed of simple, clear language that encompasses both the general purpose and the central idea and indicates what the speaker hopes to accomplish with the speech

correlation

a consistent relationship between two variables

rule

a followable prescription that indicates what behavior is obligated, preferred, or prohibited in certain contexts

claim

a generalization that remains to be proven with reasoning and evidence

a summary of your main points

a good preview at the end of your introduction would include _____________

do they really need to know this

a good question to ask when preparing an informative speech is: _________

non sequitur

a kind of general fallacy that encompasses many more specific fallacies in which claims do not follow (are unwarranted) from evidence and reasoning

attitude

a learned predisposition to respond favorably or unfavorably toward some attitude subject

attitudes

a mom and daughter go shopping together for a prom dress. When they come home the girl shows her dad the dress, he demands that they return the dress because it is sleeveless. The dad has ______________ different from those of his wife and daughter

commitment

a passion for excellence

what works may not always be ethical

a popular political candidate has been accused of lying to the audience at a public speaking event. Nevertheless, the candidate has won the election. After s/he claims victory, it is proven beyond a doubt that the candidate did lie in that speech. Which of the following statements represents how this author feels about this situation

random sample

a portion of the target population, the entire set of individuals of interest, chosen in such a manner that every member of the entire population has an equal chance of being selected

listen more intently

a positive result of lowering your voice is that it can cause your listeners to ______________

extended example

a profound and moving story

virtual library

a search tool that combines internet technology and standard library techniques for cataloguing an a appraising information

antithesis

a sentence composed of two parts with parallel structure but opposite meanings to create impact

is informative and asks students to balance pros and cons

a speech that compares

true believer

a student selects the Assassination of President Kennedy for a topic. His speech is very interesting and claims that Lee Harvey Oswald was not the lone assassin. His speech lacks valid evidence and solid reasoning. The student is a ______________

ethics

a system for judging the moral correctness of human behavior by weighing that behavior against an agreed upon set of standards of right and wrong

systematic desensitization

a technique used to control anxiety, even phobias, triggered by a wide variety of stimuli

communication

a transactional process of sharing meaning with others

combine keywords into phrases with quotation marks in the search bar

a useful Internet search tip is

it provides fewer websites and a narrower focus

a virtual library is a good resource because _________

true belief

a willingness to accept claims without solid reasoning or valid evidence and to hold these beliefs tenaciously even if a googol of contradictory evidence disputes them wrong

real examples

actual occurrences

proposition of fact

alleges a truth

analogical reasoning

alleges that because two things resemble each other, both should be logically be viewed in similar ways

public speaking

an act of communication in which a clearly identified speaker presents a message in a more formal manner than mere conversation to an audience of multiple listeners on an occasion to achieve a specific purpose

performance

an attempt to satisfy an audience of critics whose members are focused on evaluating your presentation

speaking fluently

an example of a communication skill is:

"you know..."

an example of a filler is ____________________

to explain why preschool is important in the development of young children

an example of a good specific purpose statement is

the key points are

an example of a signpost is _______________

brief example

an example that is short and to the point

simile

an explicit comparison of two seemingly dissimilar things using the words like or as

a story

an extended example is the same as which of the following

it is not probable that it will happen again

an icicle fell from a skyscraper and hit your friend's mother. Sadly, she did not survive. Although this is a true story, it would not be a good idea to persuade your classmates to stay out of the city during bad weather because, although it happened, ___________

metaphor

an implied comparison or two seemingly dissimilar things

euphemism

an indirect or vague word or phrase used to numb us to or conceal unpleasant or offensive realities

explain a confusing topic

an informative speech seeks to __________

demonstration

an informative speech that shows the audience how to use an object or perform a specific activity

signpost

an organizational marker that indicates the structure of a speech and notifies listeners that a particular point is about to be addressed

elaboration likelihood model

an overarching explanation for how listeners cope with the bombardment of persuasive messages by sorting them into those that are important, or central, and those that are less relevant, or peripheral

comparison

another student in the class decides to look at two voting districts and how these two districts affect local elections differently. This is an example of which type of informative speech

refutation

answering opposing arguments

variable

anything that can change

order

appeals to ________ should be more persuasive in a collectivist culture

a more reasonable solution

as a strategy in a persuasive speech, the contrast effect provides one solution followed by ____________

social judgment theory

as an audience member you hear a speech persuading you to vote for the Republican candidate in the next local election. You are a Democrat, so it is unlikely you will vote for the Republican regardless of how persuasive the speech is. This is an example of _____________ in practice

skepticism

as public speakers we should embrace _____________.

uncertainty reduction theory

as you gain experience speaking in front of groups, the novelty wears off, uncertainty is reduced, and anxiety consequently diminishes because you gain a reservoir of knowledge from giving speeches that helps you handle almost any situation that might occur

shift the burden of proof

at the end of the President Kennedy speech the student invites the other students to prove him wrong. No one says a word. The student has attempted to ______________

self-selected sample

attracts the most committed, aroused, or motivated individuals to fill out surveys on their own and answer polling questions

ad populum fallacy

basing a claim on popular opinion

appropriateness

behavior that is perceived to be legitimate and fits the speaking context

speaking style

being conversational in your speech is an example of your ___________

maintain attitudes and behavior

brands that are popular aim to _______________ through persuasion

logos

building an argument based on logic and evidence

proposition of value

calls for a judgment that assesses the worth or merit of an idea, object, or practice

proposition of policy

calls for a significant change from how problems are currently handled

theme

central idea, focuses on the main concept, issue, point, or conclusion that you want the audience to understand, believe, feel, or do

persuasion

communication process of converting, modifying or maintaining the attitudes or behaviors of others

evidence

consists of statistics, testimony of experts and credible sources, and verifiable facts

visualization

countering negative thoughts of catastrophe with positive images of success

collectivist cultures

culture that emphasizes group harmony, intro-group cooperation and conformity, and individual sacrifice for the sake of the group

individualist cultures

culture that emphasizes personal autonomy and competitive privacy, individual liberties, and toleration of nonconformity

qualifier

degree of truth to the claim

hypothetical example

describes an imaginary situation, one that is connected to make a point, illustrate an idea, or identify a general principle

reasoning

developing an argument begins with a coming together of ________ and evidence

inductive reasoning

drawing conclusions from specific instances

the relationship between speaking context and rules

during your speech, someone yells out, "Wrong! You are giving misinformation!" After the speech, the audience is surveyed and 20% of the audience members felt that the outburst was appropriate. This is an example o

pathos

emotional appeals

are not a substitute for

emotional appeals __________ logic and evidence

ethos

enhancing the speaker through identification with the audience and bolstering credibility

the rules

every communication context is guided by

site a credible source

every time you use a statistic, you should ___________

suitability for you

everyone is assigned a speech topic. You receive: Did Shakespeare really write his plays? You are a biology major. The problem with this topic for you is __________

showing the audience how to make cupcakes

example of informative speech

supporting materials

examples, statistics, and testimony used to bolster a speaker's point of view

you use an outline to speak

extemporaneous speaking means _____________________

speech anxiety

fear of public speaking and the nervousness that accompanies the fear

communication orientation

focuses on making your message clear and interesting to your listeners

a purpose statement

for consistency and clarity, a topic should first be constructed into ___________

that you didn't actually fly a kite for your audience

for your informative speech, you explain in excellent detail how to fly a kite. The problem with this speech is ________________

use a language to shape attitudes

framing your case means to ____________

value

freedom is an example of a __________

anger activism model

helps explain the relationship between anger and persuasion

be distracted

holding a pen while you are speaking on climate change could cause your audience to ___________________

180-210 wpm

how fast should you speak to an audience

measure of central tendency

how scores cluster so you can get a sense of what is typically occurring

the relationship between speaker and listener

"If they like you, they may listen to you; if they dislike you, they may not." This statement best describes

a brief example

"New York City is the best example of a diverse city in the world." What type of example is this statement

an internal preview

"Now that we have discussed the causes of tornados, let's talk about the devastating effects of tornadoes." The underlined portion of the sentence is _______________

general purpose

identifies the overall goal of your speech: to inform, describe, explain, demonstrate, persuade, celebrate, memorialize, entertain, or eulogize

explanation

if you are advancing your audience's deeper understanding, you are delivering which type of informative speech

respond briefly with prepared remarks before launching into your prepared speech

if you are introduced to an audience, you may need to

shifting the burden of proof

if you challenge your audience to disprove your claims, you are not being reasonable and you are

consider the context of the original quotation

if you decide to paraphrase a quotation, it is important to _____________

more likely

if you have a relationship with someone who has experienced an issue directly, you are ___________ to have a strong attitude about the issue

more likely to affect

if you have actually experienced something, your attitude toward it is __________ your behavior

sound over-scripted

if you rely upon a script when public speaking it is easy to _________________

provide definitions of

if you think most people are familiar with a term and have a general idea of what it means, it is still a good idea to ________ key terms

have a clear, specific recommendation to lessen the fear

if you use fear in your appeal be sure that listeners ___________

a fact-checking site

if you want to check the accuracy of a fact, you should use

bed bugs

if your speech topic is bed bugs, then your general purpose could be to inform your audience about bed bugs

argument

implicitly or explicitly presents a claim and provides support for that claim with reasoning and evidence

alliteration

in John F. Kennedy's Inaugural Address, he uses the following phrases: "whether it wishes us well or ill," "struggling to break the bonds of mass misery," and "the survival and the success of liberty." These examples demonstrate the use of _________________

repetition

in Martin Luther King, Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech, King said, "I say to you today, my friends, even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream. I have a dream that one day this nation will rise. . ." what technique does he use?

provide an effective way to lessen the fear

in order to be effective a fear appeal must

eyewitness

in question number 18, this quotation could also be an example of what type of testimony

conclusions

in syllogisms ______________ logically follow from absolutes

establish credibility

in the previous question, which of the following did the employers most likely fail to do

metaphor

in the same address, JFK also states, "And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house." This is an example of __________

metaphor

in the same speech, King also stated, "We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. So we've come to cash this check, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice." In this passage, what technique does King use

bookending the speech

in your introduction you provide a quotation from Abraham Lincoln. At the end of your speech you use the same quotation. This is an example of ___________

displaying trustworthiness

in your speech about global warming you tell the class you are the president of the campus eco-club and that the world will end in 2020 when the sun explodes. You deliver your message with confidence, control, enthusiasm, energy, and forcefulness. However, the professor says you fell short in one area. Which area

feel confident because you used all the principal objectives for a competent introduction

in your speech on civil rights you discuss the achievements of the Civil Rights Act. In your introduction you gain audience attention with a quotation, make a clear purpose statement, establish the significance of your topic, establish your credibility, and preview your main points. You should _____________

choose a relevant topic

in your speech on the food at the school cafeteria you ask your listeners to support you in your petition to have a better quality salad bar. By choosing this topic, you have shown that you understand how to ____________

inducing dissonance on true believers is unlikely to change behaviors

in your speech you plan to persuade your listeners to choose a vegetarian lifestyle using cognitive dissonance. However, you failed to survey your audience before selecting your topic. After your performance you find out that several students believe that God put animals on the Earth to provide humans with needed nourishment. You should have considered _______________________

you may have unintentionally changed the intentional meaning of this quote

in your speech you state, "The average American family spends approximately $800 a month to feed their family." The original quotation, from a credible source read, "The average family spends approximately $800 to feed a family of four." The problem with this is

shifting the burden of proof

inappropriately assuming the validity of a claim unless it is proven false by another person who never made the original claim

directory

internet tool in which humans edit indexes of web pages that match key words typed in a search window

search engine

internet tool that computer generates indexes of web pages that match key words typed in a search window

rationalization of disconfirmation

inventing superficial, even glib, alternative explanations for contradictory evidence

ad hominem fallacy

is a personal attack on the messenger to avoid the message

impromptu speech

is a speech delivered without preparation, or so it seems. You are asked to respond to a previous speaker without warning, or to say a few words on a subject without advance notice

anger activism model

is based upon the fact that listeners do not agree with you at first, but that through anger they are motivated to change

extemporaneous speech

is delivered from a prepared outline or notes

communication competence

is engaging in communication with others that is perceived to be both effective and appropriate in a given context

mixed metaphor

is the use of two or Mose vastly different metaphors in a single expression

internal preview

like a preview in your introduction, except it appears in the body of your speech

contrast effect

listeners are more likely to accept a bigger second request or offer when contrasted with a much bigger initial request or offer

the burden of proof

listeners determine whether ____________ has been met by evaluating reasoning and evidence that support a claim

you have established credibility

listeners should believe you because ____________

parallel processing

listeners use both central and peripheral routes when presented with persuasion

statistics

measures of what is true or factual expressed in numbers

cynicism

nay-saying, fault finding, and ridiculing

burden of proof

obligation to present compelling evidence and reasoning to support your claim

functional speech anxiety

occurs when the fight-or-flight response is managed and stimulates an optimum presentation

dysfunctional speech anxiety

occurs when the intensity of the fight-or-flight responses prevents an individual from giving a speech effectively

scan for topics

on the day the speech is assigned you decide to do your speech on how terrible the cafeteria food used to be and how much better it is now since the university hired a new company. You have trouble finding information on your topic, and find that very few people on campus remember how the food was before the change. Nevertheless you give your speech. Unfortunately, it is a little short, as you just couldn't find enough information. You failed to ______________

cliche

once-vivd expression that has been overused to the point of seeming commonplace

to anticipate impromptu speaking

one of the steps to successful impromptu speaking is _________________

it is hard to sound natural

one problem with manuscript speaking is ____________________

establish identification with your audience

one way to enhance your ethos is to ____________

highly interactive

oral style is ______________; written style is not

a specific set of symbols

outlining uses __________

precision

phrases such as "he has a good job" and "she makes a lot of money" lack __________

anchor

preexisting attitude on an issue

preview

presents the coming attractions of your speech

rhetorical question

question asked by a speaker that the audience answers mentally, but not out loud

direct question

questions that seek overt responses

claim

reasoning that connects to grounds

sensitivity

receptive accuracy whereby you can detect, decode, and comprehend signals in your social environment

repetition

reiterating the same word, phrase, or sentence, usually with parallel structure

alliteration

repetition of the same sound, usually a consonant sound, starting each word

coherence

requires that main points flow directly from the purpose statement

pronunciation

saying words correctly as indicated in any dictionary based on Standard English rules

metasearch engine

sends key word request to several search engines at once

anecdote

short, entertaining, real-life story

offensive

similes and metaphors can be ___________

move to a completely contradictory position

social judgment theory states that conversion is highly unlikely when you ask your listeners to ____________

cynic

someone who is nay-saying, fault-finding, and ridiculing

articulation

speaking words clearly and distinctly

examples

specific instances of a general category of objects, ideas, people, places, actions, experiences, or phenomena

certainty

statements of true believers are typically stated as which one of the following

library reference works

students do not need to evaluate the information they find while researching when using _____________

jargon

teachers know what course learning outcomes are; however, you may want to avoid this type of ____________ in a speech

mean

the arithmetic average, determined by adding the values of all items and dividing the sum by the total number of items

syllogism

the basic structure of an argument

transitions

the body of your speech should contain your main points and ___________

traditional and more contemporary styles

the challenge for you, as a speaker in the electronic age, is to blend ___________, merging the best of both

comparing two things and one is significantly better

the comparative advantages pattern should be used when

door-in-the-face strategy

the contrast effect,used in sales

skepticism

the critical thinking process of inquiry whereby claims are evaluated by engaging in a rigorous examination of evidence and reasoning used to support those claims

plausible to probable

the degree of truth to a claim is measured by ___________

ego involvement

the degree to which an issue is relevant or important to a person

effectiveness

the degree to which speakers have progressed toward the achievement of their goals

rhythmic phrasing

the effectiveness of antithesis is in the ____________

coercion

the essential difference between _______ and persuasion is the perception of free choice

an abbreviated citation

the first citation of the source should be complete, but when referring to a previously cited source later in a speech, ___________ is acceptable

new

the first guideline for an informative speech is to present _________ information to your audience

use excessive fillers

the fluency of your speech will suffer if you __________________

your requested behavior required little effort

the goal of your speech is to persuade students to support the organization PETA. To show their support, you ask students to put a PETA sticker on their folder after your speech. Ninety percent of the students accept the sticker and put it on their folder. You were successful most likely because __________

framing

the influence wording has on our perception of choices

vocal fillers

the insertion of um, uh, like, you know, know what I mean, whatever, and other variants that substitute for pauses and often draw attention to themselves

identical

the meaning of terms used twice in a syllogism must be __________

fear

the more _________ aroused in listeners the more likely they will be convinced to change

mode

the most frequent score in the distribution of all scores

Monroe's Motivated Sequence

the organizational pattern that includes attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action is _____________

illusion of transparency

the overestimation of the extent to which audience members detect a speaker's nervousness

fight-or-flight response

the physiological defense-alarm process triggered by stress

simple words and phrases that trigger complete thoughts and ideas

the preparation outline is composed of full sentences, while the presentation outline is composed of ________________

it takes practice

the primary drawback to extemporaneous speaking is _____________________

proposition

the primary, overriding claim for a persuasive speech

ethics

the professor reminds students to be honest, respectful, fair, and responsible, and to allow audience members a choice when speaking in public. The professor is describing public speaking

pitch

the range of your voice form high to low sounds

internal summary

the reverse of an internal preview, instead of indicating what is about to be addressed, it reminds listeners of the points already made

transactional

the speaker is both a sender and receiver simultaneously, not merely a sender or a receiver

jargon

the specialized language of a profession, trade, or group

burden of proof

the stronger the claim, the greater your ______________

communication skill

the successful performance of a communication behavior and the ability to repeat such a behavior

confirmation bias

the tendency to seek information that supports one's beliefs, and to ignore information that contradicts those beliefs

reasoning

the thought process of drawing conclusions from evidence

credibility, relevance, sufficiency

the three criteria used for evaluating evidence and reasoning include _________

an awakening of dissonance in listeners

the use of cognitive dissonance in persuasion requires _________________

social judgement theory

theory states that when listeners hear a persuasive message, they compare it with attitudes they already hold

the internet has useful and current information on a variety of topics

to conduct research for your speech, you visit the campus library. You speak with the librarian, search the library catalogs, and consult the reference materials. You have plenty of research for your topic. However, you should have considered that ___________

ask them

to find out what your audience already knows about a topic, you should _________

focus on your message

to look natural on stage you should ___________________

form their beliefs first, then look for confirming evidence

true believers tend to do which of the following

transition

uses words or phrases to connect what was said with what will be said

gain interest

using a relevant story is an example of how to ___________ at the start of your speech

refutation is an effective strategy of persuasion

using a two-sided pattern of organization is a good idea because ___________________

memorable

using vividness in public speaking will make you more _____________

inflection

vocal variety

cognitive dissonance

when a person holds two inconsistent ideas, beliefs, or opinions at the same time, or when an attitude and a behavior are inconsistent

false analogies

when a significant point or points of difference exist despite some superficial similarities between the two things being compared

stack examples

when a single example is not enough, you should ____________

vividness effect

when an outrageous, shocking, controversial, and dramatic event distorts our perceptions of the facts

shared meaning

when both the speaker and receivers have mutual understanding of a message

narrative

when delivering your speech on the importance of blood donation, you want to make it clear that blood donation saves lives. You decide to share a very personal story about your grandmother to highlight that point. Which organizational pattern should you use

you should not read your story

when giving an informative speech about a person, you decide to tell a story. You spent a lot of time writing the story, and you want to get it just right. When it is your turn to present your speech, you forget part of your story. Luckily, you have the written story with you, so you read a few sentences to finish the story, and then move on to a visual aid. What did you do wrong

hasty generalization

when individuals jump to a conclusion based on a single or a handful of examples

invent explanations

when presented with evidence to the contrary, a true believer will most likely ____________.

minimal

when the effort required is ____________ it is easier to changes behavior

attitudes and behaviors

when trying to persuade an audience, you are trying to convert, modify, or maintain listener _______________

casual reasoning

when we see events and infer what caused these events

mindless

when you are not cognizant of your communication with others or simply do not care, so no improvement is likely

mindful

when you think about your communication and concentrate on changing what you do to become more effective

the main points are restated

which of a following is achieved in a competent conclusion

the probability model

which of the following describes how the process of skepticism begins?

the title of your presentation

which of the following does not affect the context of any speaking situation

using examples, stats, and quotes

which of the following illustrates the author's reference to the power of three when presenting supporting materials

in the United States, the average age for marriage is 29; in Canada the average age for marriage is 26

which of the following is an example of a statistical comparison

creating and listing additional topic possibilities

which of the following is an example of brainstorming

you choose to speak on baseball because you are on the baseball team

which of the following is an example of establishing credibility

understanding the views of your audience before speaking

which of the following is an example of focusing on your audience

speakers must learn to adapt to change

which of the following is an example of speech being a dynamic process

to explain why the Great Lakes are in danger

which of the following is the best general purpose

if you don't have enough time to study, I may have the solution

which of the following statements would help you establish topic significance

committed audience

which of the following type of audience contains agreeable listeners

concerned audience

which of the following type of audience contains eager listeners

captive audience

which of the following type of audience contains the disengaged listeners

choosing interesting supporting materials

which of the following will best help you gain the interest of your audience

alliteration

which of the following words means the repetition of the same word sound, usually a consonant sound, starting each word

prefer .gov or .edu over .com sites

which one of the following is a recommended way to evaluate information found on the Internet

skepticism

which one of the following is the most like critical thinking

moderate

which positions are the most persuasive

law of truly large numbers

with large enough numbers almost anything is likely to happen to somebody, somewhere, somehow, sometime

the rules

you are asked to speak at a community meeting. You have prepared a 5-minute speech that is effective and appropriate. During your presentation, you are surprised that community members stop and ask you questions in the middle of your speech. You were not aware of the __________ for this context

you failed to match the context

you are asked to speak at graduation to introduce the teacher of the year. While at the podium you read from a manuscript about the importance of selecting the right college. one thing you did incorrectly was _____________________

you are recording this interview without asking for permission

you are beginning to research your topic: hydroponic gardens. You decide it would be useful to conduct an interview with a local botanist. You call them to schedule the interview and you agree to meet at a time and place. When you arrive at the interview you are on time and dressed appropriately. You sit down, hit record on your cell phone, and begin asking your carefully prepared questions. The mistake you made was ________________

hasty generalization

you are told that a certain political party is waging an attack on men. You are a man, so you decide to vote against this party. This is an example of a(n) ______________

subject manageability

you are very passionate about health eating. You share all of your knowledge about vitamins, calories, exercise, and food additives at your next speech. The problem with your speech was most likely ___________

concise

you choose to tell a story to inform your audience about the challenges of urban life. It will be important to remember to keep your story ______________

chronological

you decide to deliver a speech about Michael Jordan. You will divide the body of your speech into three main points: his youth, his college years, and his professional career. This type of organizational pattern is ______________

the fact that any single study proves very little

you find a study that indicates wearing red clothing causes aggression in those around you. In order to verify the results of this study, you scour the Internet, but can't find anything to support it. You decide not to use it because this is an example of ____________

you lack a solid summary, and just because you have demonstrated the steps in changing a tire, your audience may not be able to accomplish this objective

you give an informative speech on "How to change a tire." You provide the class with a wonderful PowerPoint presentation, that illustrates each necessary step. At the end of your speech you say, "Now you can all go change a tire!" Your last comment is a problem because

setting conversion as a goal for persuasion is too high

you know that the majority of your class believes in global warming. However, you are ambitious, so you set out to change their minds and show them that global warming is a hoax. At the end of your speech you ask them to raise their hands if you have convinced them of the hoax. You are shocked when no one raises his/her hand. What explains this

it does not include the qualifications of the expert or a reputable source

you should be skeptical of expert testimony when ____________

you failed to demonstrate stylistic similarity

you understand that it is important to connect with your audience. At your next speech in the gym at a pep rally you dress up in a suit, work to establish social cohesion, and say, "We all want our Bucks to win! Go Bucks!" Why might this not work to connect with your audience

framing

you want to persuade your audience that the economic downturn of 2008 caused many people to lose their homes; thus, the government needs to enact strong legislation to protect homeowners. Instead of calling it the "downturn of 2008," you decide that the "great recession" is more persuasive. This is an example of ________

explanation

you would like to assist your audience in having a deeper understanding of how voting districts affect elections. This is an example of which type of informative speech

there are often inconsistencies between attitudes and behavior

your friend tells you that she thinks drinking alcohol isn't a good idea. She tells you that after last weekend she is no longer going to drink alcohol. However, the following weekend you see her at a bar with a beer in her hand. How can you explain this

watch a videotape of yourself public speaking

your professor and classmates alert you to the fact that you use vocal fillers to the point of distraction. You have no idea what they are talking about. the best thing to do is _____________________

the quantity of arguments was more important than the quality to the non-majors

your professor invites you to an important meeting on campus regarding communication majors. You are a communication major, so you must attend. At the meeting, the professor tries to persuade everyone that a new policy for communication majors will be that they need to complete two internships before graduation. The professor invites six local employers to present their feelings on the issue. Their arguments are weak, and they seem unprepared. The communication majors are skeptical, but the non-communication majors think the new policy is a great idea. why

the way you use words to express your thoughts

your speaking style is achieved primarily by ____________

hypothetical example

your speech begins, "Imagine you were born in the Middle East. Where you are born is, after all, just a matter of luck, isn't it? What would your average day be like in the Middle East? Would you be worried about drone strikes? Would you worry about . . ." This is utilizing what type of example to gain audience interest?

vivid

your speech begins, "On the spring evening of April 4th, I saw a man walk out of his hotel room in the bustling city of Memphis, Tennessee, to address a diverse and exuberant crowd. Suddenly and unexpectedly shots rang out. . ." You have most likely attempted to use a _____________ example

your speech was neutral, but it stimulated thought in a listener who then used the information persuasively

your speech informs your audience about the benefits of a liberal arts education. One of your listeners tells his brother he should attend a liberal arts college. The younger brother follows the advice of his older brother. what happened

avoid interference

your speech is outlined and you have practiced. You realize that you shift your weight from side to side when speaking. You focus on avoiding the shifting and you are successful. you have learned to ____________________

open-mindedness

your speech topic is the idea that immunizations caused autism in children. As you begin to research, however, you find that the evidence does not support this claim. You change the message of your speech to: No link found between autism and immunizations. You have displayed __________

demonstration

your speech will inform your audience how to apply to graduate schools. You plan to take them step-by-step through an application. Which type of informative speech is this

volume

your voice from loud to soft