Chapter 11

What causes a stomach ulcer? Chronic consumption of spicy food A bacterial infection Lack of a key nutrient Consuming too many calories

A bacterial infection

Following an injury to your hand, the injured area appears red and swollen. It feels painful and warm to the touch. What is the cause of these symptoms? external defenses the complement system the inflammatory response natural killer cells

the inflammatory response

If you cut your skin, damaged cells release chemicals to initiate blood clotting. Formation of a blood clot stimulates additional chemical release, which accelerates the clotting process. This is an example of a negative feedback mechanism. True False

False

There are many organs and glands of the endocrine system, but which one is the master controller? Thyroid Pancreas Pituitary Hypothalamus

Hypothalamus

What type of disorder is AIDS? Immunodeficiency Autoimmune disease Immune rejection Allergic reaction

Immunodeficiency

What moves the food from your mouth to your stomach when you swallow? Gravity Pressure difference between zones Undulatory muscle contractions Peristaltic muscle contractions

Peristaltic muscle contractions

What is the role of the epiglottis? Filters dust and other impurities from entering the respiratory system Produces the positive or negative pressures that force air into or out of the lungs Produces vocal sounds Prevents food from entering the windpipe

Prevents food from entering the windpipe

Identify the primary role of the lymphatic system. Distribution of hormones to the body Filter out cellular wastes from the blood Delivery of oxygen to the deep muscle cells Produce and store large numbers of white blood cells

Produce and store large numbers of white blood cells

In what way can the human circulatory system be described as double circulation? The human cardiovascular system includes the pulmonary circuit and a systemic circuit. Blood can go through veins in two different directions. The heart has two chambers. Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Veins return blood to the heart.

The human cardiovascular system includes the pulmonary circuit and a systemic circuit.

What is the role of the villi? To secrete water into the digestive tract To move food along the digestive tract To absorb small nutrient molecules from the digestive tract To secrete digestive enzymes into the digestive tract

To absorb small nutrient molecules from the digestive tract

What is the purpose of dialysis treatments? To remove waste products from the bloodstream To constrict blood vessels to prevent death from anaphylactic shock To keep the airways open so one can breathe To detoxify dangerous chemicals in the bloodstream

To detoxify dangerous chemicals in the bloodstream

Which is not a function of the circulatory system? To distribute heat throughout the body To transport nutrients to the cells and to remove wastes from the cells To produce and store all of the immune system cells To carry chemical signals, such as hormones, throughout the body

To produce and store all of the immune system cells

During diastole, the heart muscles relax; during systole, the atria and ventricles contract sequentially. True False

True

Which form of diabetes would require regular injections of insulin? Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4

Type 1

What is the name of the tubes that run from the kidneys to the bladder? Fallopian tubes Ureters Urethras Nephrons

Ureters

Scurvy is caused by a lack of which nutrient? Calcium Vitamin C Omega-3 fatty acid Vitamin D

Vitamin C

About how much blood does a typical human adult have? 3 liters 5 liters 10 liters 15 liters

5 liters

Select the correct sequence for the pathway of blood through the heart. Body → Left Atrium → Left Ventricle → Lungs → Right Atrium → Right Ventricle → Body Body → Right Ventricle → Right Atrium → Lungs → Left Ventricle → Left Atrium → Body Body → Right Atrium → Right Ventricle → Lungs → Left Atrium → Left Ventricle → Body Body → Left Ventricle → Left Atrium → Lungs → Right Ventricle → Right Atrium → Body

Body → Right Atrium → Right Ventricle → Lungs → Left Atrium → Left Ventricle → Body

What is the name of the response to an injury in which fluids leak from dilated blood vessels causing redness and swelling? Compliment response Inflammatory response Lymphatic response Innate response

Inflammatory response

How is it that red blood cells can bind oxygen in the lungs but then offload it near body cells that need it? A conformational change caused by low pH causes the oxygen to detach near the cells that need it. Oxygen is displaced by carbon dioxide in the body. Oxygen diffuses into or out of the blood following its concentration gradient. A conformational change caused by high pH causes the oxygen to detach near the cells that need it.

Oxygen is displaced by carbon dioxide in the body.

The human circulatory system constitutes __________. an organ system a tissue an organ connective tissue

an organ system

Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the alveoli and into the pulmonary capillaries, while oxygen diffuses out of the pulmonary capillaries and into the alveolar sacs. True False

false

Proteins are made from 20 different amino acids. All 20 are essential as part of a healthy diet. True False

false

Water soluble vitamins are essential in the diet while fat soluble vitamins are not. True False

false

Maintaining a steady state internal environment, despite a changing external environment, is called ________. bioregulation homeostasis biofeedback heterostasis

homeostasis

Most of the absorption of food nutrients takes place __________. in the small intestine throughout the entire alimentary canal in the large intestine in the stomach

in the small intestine

The pulmonary circuit specifically circulates blood to the ________. heart brain liver lungs

lungs

Which of the following is NOT part of your innate immune system? stomach acid lymphocytes phagocytic cells natural killer cells

lymphocytes

Vaccines can convey long-term immunity because they stimulate the production of __________. memory cells effector cells natural killer cells phagocytic cells

memory cells

The main function of this substance is to aid in the digestion of fat. chyme pepsin bile saliva

saliva

Most of the absorption of nutrients (besides water) takes place in the ________. small intestine stomach large intestine esophagus

small intestine

Animals regulate their internal environments in a way that maintains relative stability in response to changes in their external environments. This tendency, called "homeostasis," is most often maintained by negative feedback mechanisms. True False

true

Blood clotting depends on bits of cells pinched off from larger cells in the bone marrow. True False

true

Epithelial tissues cover most body surfaces and form the inner lining for most body cavities. True False

true

Insulin and glucagon work together to regulate blood glucose levels. This is an example of a negative feedback circuit. True False

true

Oxygen-poor blood enters the heart through two veins: the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava. True False

true

What is the condition called when your body's immune system overreacts to an otherwise harmless foreign particle? Allergy SCID Arthritis Diabetes

Allergy

Which are the thinnest blood vessels? Venules Arterioles Capillaries Bronchioles

Capillaries

What is the role of the epithelium? Contracts to create body movement Transmits electrical signals throughout the body Provides the padding between the joints Covers exposed body surfaces

Covers exposed body surfaces

Urine leaves the kidney though the renal vein. True False

False

Select the feature which is not directly involved in the clotting process. Hemoglobin Platelets Fibrin All of these are involved in the clotting process.

Hemoglobin

Which accessory organ's secretions neutralize stomach acid before it reaches the intestines? Gallbladder Liver Salivary glands Pancreas

Pancreas

Choose the defining characteristic of all arteries. They only carry oxygenated blood. They only carry deoxygenated blood. They only carry blood back to the heart. They only carry blood away from the heart.

They only carry blood away from the heart.

Which medication prevents viral infections by priming the immune system against a specific virus? Antibiotic Diuretic Vaccine Anti-inflammatory

Vaccine

Heartburn is actually __________. an ulcer gallstones inflammatory bowel disease acid reflux

acid reflux

Urine contains mostly __________. urea glucose sodium water

water

How do allergens elicit allergy symptoms? Allergens bind to antibodies embedded in the surface of mast cells, which triggers the mast cells to release histamine. Allergens cause immunodeficiency diseases by destroying helper T cells. Allergens cause B cells to release antibodies. Allergens cause the self-recognition system to break down which, in turn, causes the immune system to improperly turn against the body's own molecules.

Allergens bind to antibodies embedded in the surface of mast cells, which triggers the mast cells to release histamine.

The term interface can be used to describe the surface across which molecules and ions are exchanged, often diffusing between external and internal environments or between organ systems. What part of the respiratory system forms the interface between the respiratory system and the circulatory system? Pharynx Alveoli Trachea Bronchioles

Alveoli

Which type of white blood cells produces defensive proteins called antibodies? Phagocytic cells B cells Natural killer cells T cells

B cells

An essential nutrient is specifically a nutrient that your body ________. needs to grow cannot make by itself cannot store needs to function

cannot make by itself