Chapter 11: Adolescence: Physical and Cognitive Development

Pataasin ang iyong marka sa homework at exams ngayon gamit ang Quizwiz!

Firearms account for 50% of adolescent suicides in the United States.

True

An example of a hallucinogenic drug is

ecstasy

Sex hormones

stimulate the hypothalamus, perpetuating the feedback loop in puberty.

Firearms account for 80% of homicides and approximately what percentage of suicides?

50%

Puberty most often coincides with which developmental period?

Adolescence

Which of the following is true of the adolescent growth spurt?

Adolescents tend to eat enormous quantities of food to fuel their growth spurts.

Which of the following is a maladaptive response that some females experience to lose weight after gains from menarche?

Anorexia nervosa

Which of the following statements is true of gender differences in cognitive abilities?

As a group, females surpass males in verbal ability throughout their lives.

Which of the following statements is true about gender differences in cognitive abilities?

Boys begin to outperform girls on many types of visual-spatial tasks starting at age eight or nine

Which of the following is an eating disorder characterized by recurrent cycles of binge eating and purging?

Bulimia nervosa

An example of the personal fable is

Darria, a 15-year-old, who chain-smokes and feels she is invulnerable to the harmful effects of nicotine.

Which type of drugs include alcohol, narcotics derived from the opium poppy (such as heroin, morphine, and codeine), and sedatives (such as barbiturates and methaqualone)?

Depressants

Which hormone causes the labia, vagina, and uterus to develop during puberty?

Estrogen

Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by recurrent cycles of binge eating and purging.

False

Death rates are low in adolescence, but they are nearly twice as great for female adolescents as male adolescents.

False

Late-maturing boys are more poised, relaxed, and good-natured than early-maturing boys.

False

Legs reach their peak growth after the shoulders and chest.

False

Substance abuse is the leading cause of death in the United States for adolescents.

False

Testosterone typically brakes the male growth spurt some years before estrogen brakes that of females.

False

The personal fable is connected with behaviors such as being reserved and avoiding risks.

False

The transition from elementary school appears to be more difficult for boys than girls.

False

Which of the following statements is true of adolescents in school?

Girls are more likely to be undergoing puberty and to earn the attention of boys in higher grades

Which group of people among the following is at greater risk of dropping out of school

Involvement of families or community organizations

Which of the following statements is true of alcohol?

It distorts perceptions.

Which of the following statements is true of adolescent employment?

It enhances occupational aspirations in adolescents

Which of the following statements is true of marijuana?

It helps users relax and elevates their mood.

In the context of adolescent egocentrism, which of the following is true of the concept of the imaginary audience?

It involves the assumption that other people are concerned with one's appearance more so than they really are

In the context of Kohlberg's postconventional level of moral development, which of the following statements is true of Stage 5?

It is recognized that many rights have great value and should not be violated.

Which of the following statements is true of estrogen?

It promotes the growth of the fatty and supporting tissue in the hips and buttocks.

In the context of puberty, which of the following statements is true of the pituitary gland?

It releases hormones that control physical growth and the gonads.

In the context of Kohlberg's postconventional level of moral development, which of the following statements is true of Stage 6

It relies on supposed universal ethical principles, such as those of human life, individual dignity, justice, and reciprocity

Which of the following statements is true of cocaine?

It spikes the blood pressure.

Which of the following statements is true regarding adolescent changes?

Many adolescents are relatively slender compared with their preadolescent stature.

Which of the following statements is true of menarche among adolescent girls?

Menarche comes later to girls who have a lower percentage of body fat.

Which of the following examples illustrates a personal fable?

Monica is experimenting with the drugs available on campus. She thinks she can never get addicted to any of it because she is young and healthy.

Which of the following statements is true of intervention efforts to prevent school dropouts?

Most intervention efforts are usually not introduced until students are on the verge of dropping out.

Which of the following statements is true of nutrition during adolescent years?

Most teenagers do not consume enough calcium.

Which of the following statements is true of people who dropout of high school?

People who dropout of high school are more likely to develop delinquency, criminal behavior, and substance abuse.

In the context of gender differences in cognitive ability, which of the following improves visual-spatial performance?

Playing with toys such as blocks, Legos, and construction sets

In the context of adolescent employment, which of the following scenarios is true about adolescents who work for more than 11 to 13 hours a week?

Rajat, an Asian American student, notices a fall in his grade point average since he has started working.

In middle childhood, conventional thought tends to emerge, and children usually begin to judge right and wrong in terms of

Rules and laws

Ahmed and Marla are social activists. They organized demonstrations and other forms of civil disobedience in protests against fur dealers because they firmly believe that it is wrong to kill animals for their fur. According to Kohlberg, Ahmed and Marla are in which stage of postconventional level of moral development?

Stage 6

In the context of adolescent development, which of the following statements is true of junior high school?

Teachers in junior high typically allow less student input and exert more control than teachers in elementary school.

Which of the following best describes the personal fable?

The personal fable is the belief that a person's feelings and ideas are special and unique and that they are invulnerable.

According to Kohlberg, the postconventional level is a period during which moral judgments are derived from moral principles and people set moral standards according to

Themselves

In the context of puberty, which of the following statements is true of the gonads?

They respond to pituitary hormones by increasing their production of sex hormones.

22. Students from households with incomes below the Federal poverty threshold and large urban areas are at greater risk of dropping out of school.

True

Abstinence syndrome is a characteristic cluster of symptoms that results from a sudden decrease in the level of usage of a substance.

True

According to research, boys in the United States are more likely than girls to have reading problems.

True

Bulimia nervosa is connected with irregular menstrual cycles.

True

During the adolescent growth spurt, girls develop relatively broader hips compared with their shoulders, whereas the opposite is true for boys.

True

Economically marginalized adolescent female Black Americans are more likely to graduate from high school and avoid coercive romantic relationships.

True

In middle childhood, conventional thought tends to emerge, and children usually begin to judge right and wrong in terms of social conventions, rules, and laws.

True

In the postconventional level, moral reasoning is based on the person's own moral standards.

True

Menarche comes later to girls who have a lower percentage of body fat, such as those with eating disorders or athletes.

True

Most American adolescents are healthy.

True

Puberty is a stage of development characterized by reaching sexual maturity and the ability to reproduce.

True

The primary sex characteristics are the structures that make reproduction possible.

True

The transition to the new school setting is often accompanied by a decline in grades and participation in school activities.

True

Visual-spatial ability refers to the ability to visualize objects or shapes and to mentally manipulate and rotate them.

True

For adolescents, the transition to the new school setting is often accompanied by

a decline in grades

A characteristic associated with anorexia nervosa is

a distorted body image

A persistent pattern of drug use characterized by frequent intoxication; impairment of physical, social, or emotional well-being; and possible physical addiction is called

a substance use disorder

The first noticeable sign of puberty in boys is the

accelerated growth of the testes

. A potential benefit of adolescent employment is that

adolescents learn to appreciate the value of money and education

An example of a stimulant is

amphetamine

An example of a sex hormone is

androgen

A difference between early-maturing girls and girls who mature later on is that early-maturing girls

are at greater risk for substance abuse than girls who mature later on.

In the context of moral development, in adolescence, many—not all—individuals'

become capable of formal-operational thinking

In adolescent girls, the vaginal lining varies in thickness according to the amount of

estrogen

The female growth spurt during adolescence brakes because of

estrogen

A predictor of a person dropping out of school is

excessive school absence.

The top level in Jean Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory is the stage of

formal operations

The process known as epiphyseal closure is most directly responsible for

growth cessation

The transition to middle, junior high, or high school generally involves a shift from a smaller neighborhood elementary school to a school that

has different teachers for different classes

A students who work more than 11 to 13 hours per week

have higher rates of drug and alcohol use.

Puberty is controlled by a feedback loop involving the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, the gonads—the ovaries in females and the testes in males—and

hormones

Amanda is giving a speech at a meeting of the school's honor society. She is dressed in a dark blazer and slacks and perfect accessories. In spite of that, she feels awkward and self-conscious. She thinks each person in the meeting is watching and judging her appearance critically. Amanda's example illustrates the concept of

imaginary audience

Olivia is attending a birthday party with her friends. She is wearing a new fitness tracker that she recently bought online. She is quite self-conscious about how stylish 'her fitness tracker looks on her wrist and is assuming that her friends are also scrutinizing the new accessory. This scenario illustrates the concept of

imaginary audience

Bulimia nervosa, like anorexia nervosa,

is connected with irregular menstrual cycles

The structure that is responsible for the deepening of the voice among adolescent boys is the

larynx

The female athlete triad describes women who have menstrual problems, lessened bone density, and

low availability of energy

Visual-spatial ability refers to the ability to

mentally manipulate and rotate shapes or objects.

Unlike early-maturing boys, late-maturing boys are

more dependent and insecure than early-maturing boys

Victor, a boy in high school, has matured earlier than his other male friends. He plays on many of the sports teams with his seniors. In this scenario, Victor is

more likely to be poised, relaxed, and good-natured

In comparison with their late-maturing peers, early-maturing boys are

more poised, relaxed, and good-natured

Janee received a sport-utility vehicle as a present from her parents for her 17th birthday. As a result, she has become quite popular among her schoolmates. She often brags about her new vehicle and takes her friends on long rides, usually driving over the speed limit. She believes that driving at high speeds is a thrilling experience. She considers herself too smart to be caught by cops for violating the traffic rules. This scenario illustrates the concept of

personal fable

Children in early childhood tend to view right and wrong in terms of rewards and punishments. Lawrence Kohlberg referred to such judgments as

preconventional

Calcium intake is particularly important for females to

prevent osteoporosis later in life

The structures that make reproduction possible are referred to as

primary sex characteristics

A difference between primary sex characteristics and secondary sex characteristics is that

primary sex characteristics are structures that make reproduction possible, while the secondary sex characteristics are not directly involved in reproduction.

Osteoporosis is a condition involving

progressive loss of bone tissue

The stage of development that is characterized by reaching sexual maturity and the ability to reproduce

puberty

Physical indicators of sexual maturation that are not directly involved in reproduction are known as

secondary sex characteristics

In girls, the pituitary gland

signals the ovaries to boost estrogen production at puberty

Gynecomastia

stems from the small amount of female sex hormones secreted in males by the testes

Nicotine, cocaine, and amphetamines are the most common

stimulants

At puberty, the pituitary gland stimulates the testes to increase their output of

testosterone

The development of acne during adolescence is triggered by

testosterone

Which of the following is a depressant?

Barbiturate


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