Chapter 11: Adolescence: Physical and Cognitive Development
Firearms account for 50% of adolescent suicides in the United States.
True
An example of a hallucinogenic drug is
ecstasy
Sex hormones
stimulate the hypothalamus, perpetuating the feedback loop in puberty.
Firearms account for 80% of homicides and approximately what percentage of suicides?
50%
Puberty most often coincides with which developmental period?
Adolescence
Which of the following is true of the adolescent growth spurt?
Adolescents tend to eat enormous quantities of food to fuel their growth spurts.
Which of the following is a maladaptive response that some females experience to lose weight after gains from menarche?
Anorexia nervosa
Which of the following statements is true of gender differences in cognitive abilities?
As a group, females surpass males in verbal ability throughout their lives.
Which of the following statements is true about gender differences in cognitive abilities?
Boys begin to outperform girls on many types of visual-spatial tasks starting at age eight or nine
Which of the following is an eating disorder characterized by recurrent cycles of binge eating and purging?
Bulimia nervosa
An example of the personal fable is
Darria, a 15-year-old, who chain-smokes and feels she is invulnerable to the harmful effects of nicotine.
Which type of drugs include alcohol, narcotics derived from the opium poppy (such as heroin, morphine, and codeine), and sedatives (such as barbiturates and methaqualone)?
Depressants
Which hormone causes the labia, vagina, and uterus to develop during puberty?
Estrogen
Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by recurrent cycles of binge eating and purging.
False
Death rates are low in adolescence, but they are nearly twice as great for female adolescents as male adolescents.
False
Late-maturing boys are more poised, relaxed, and good-natured than early-maturing boys.
False
Legs reach their peak growth after the shoulders and chest.
False
Substance abuse is the leading cause of death in the United States for adolescents.
False
Testosterone typically brakes the male growth spurt some years before estrogen brakes that of females.
False
The personal fable is connected with behaviors such as being reserved and avoiding risks.
False
The transition from elementary school appears to be more difficult for boys than girls.
False
Which of the following statements is true of adolescents in school?
Girls are more likely to be undergoing puberty and to earn the attention of boys in higher grades
Which group of people among the following is at greater risk of dropping out of school
Involvement of families or community organizations
Which of the following statements is true of alcohol?
It distorts perceptions.
Which of the following statements is true of adolescent employment?
It enhances occupational aspirations in adolescents
Which of the following statements is true of marijuana?
It helps users relax and elevates their mood.
In the context of adolescent egocentrism, which of the following is true of the concept of the imaginary audience?
It involves the assumption that other people are concerned with one's appearance more so than they really are
In the context of Kohlberg's postconventional level of moral development, which of the following statements is true of Stage 5?
It is recognized that many rights have great value and should not be violated.
Which of the following statements is true of estrogen?
It promotes the growth of the fatty and supporting tissue in the hips and buttocks.
In the context of puberty, which of the following statements is true of the pituitary gland?
It releases hormones that control physical growth and the gonads.
In the context of Kohlberg's postconventional level of moral development, which of the following statements is true of Stage 6
It relies on supposed universal ethical principles, such as those of human life, individual dignity, justice, and reciprocity
Which of the following statements is true of cocaine?
It spikes the blood pressure.
Which of the following statements is true regarding adolescent changes?
Many adolescents are relatively slender compared with their preadolescent stature.
Which of the following statements is true of menarche among adolescent girls?
Menarche comes later to girls who have a lower percentage of body fat.
Which of the following examples illustrates a personal fable?
Monica is experimenting with the drugs available on campus. She thinks she can never get addicted to any of it because she is young and healthy.
Which of the following statements is true of intervention efforts to prevent school dropouts?
Most intervention efforts are usually not introduced until students are on the verge of dropping out.
Which of the following statements is true of nutrition during adolescent years?
Most teenagers do not consume enough calcium.
Which of the following statements is true of people who dropout of high school?
People who dropout of high school are more likely to develop delinquency, criminal behavior, and substance abuse.
In the context of gender differences in cognitive ability, which of the following improves visual-spatial performance?
Playing with toys such as blocks, Legos, and construction sets
In the context of adolescent employment, which of the following scenarios is true about adolescents who work for more than 11 to 13 hours a week?
Rajat, an Asian American student, notices a fall in his grade point average since he has started working.
In middle childhood, conventional thought tends to emerge, and children usually begin to judge right and wrong in terms of
Rules and laws
Ahmed and Marla are social activists. They organized demonstrations and other forms of civil disobedience in protests against fur dealers because they firmly believe that it is wrong to kill animals for their fur. According to Kohlberg, Ahmed and Marla are in which stage of postconventional level of moral development?
Stage 6
In the context of adolescent development, which of the following statements is true of junior high school?
Teachers in junior high typically allow less student input and exert more control than teachers in elementary school.
Which of the following best describes the personal fable?
The personal fable is the belief that a person's feelings and ideas are special and unique and that they are invulnerable.
According to Kohlberg, the postconventional level is a period during which moral judgments are derived from moral principles and people set moral standards according to
Themselves
In the context of puberty, which of the following statements is true of the gonads?
They respond to pituitary hormones by increasing their production of sex hormones.
22. Students from households with incomes below the Federal poverty threshold and large urban areas are at greater risk of dropping out of school.
True
Abstinence syndrome is a characteristic cluster of symptoms that results from a sudden decrease in the level of usage of a substance.
True
According to research, boys in the United States are more likely than girls to have reading problems.
True
Bulimia nervosa is connected with irregular menstrual cycles.
True
During the adolescent growth spurt, girls develop relatively broader hips compared with their shoulders, whereas the opposite is true for boys.
True
Economically marginalized adolescent female Black Americans are more likely to graduate from high school and avoid coercive romantic relationships.
True
In middle childhood, conventional thought tends to emerge, and children usually begin to judge right and wrong in terms of social conventions, rules, and laws.
True
In the postconventional level, moral reasoning is based on the person's own moral standards.
True
Menarche comes later to girls who have a lower percentage of body fat, such as those with eating disorders or athletes.
True
Most American adolescents are healthy.
True
Puberty is a stage of development characterized by reaching sexual maturity and the ability to reproduce.
True
The primary sex characteristics are the structures that make reproduction possible.
True
The transition to the new school setting is often accompanied by a decline in grades and participation in school activities.
True
Visual-spatial ability refers to the ability to visualize objects or shapes and to mentally manipulate and rotate them.
True
For adolescents, the transition to the new school setting is often accompanied by
a decline in grades
A characteristic associated with anorexia nervosa is
a distorted body image
A persistent pattern of drug use characterized by frequent intoxication; impairment of physical, social, or emotional well-being; and possible physical addiction is called
a substance use disorder
The first noticeable sign of puberty in boys is the
accelerated growth of the testes
. A potential benefit of adolescent employment is that
adolescents learn to appreciate the value of money and education
An example of a stimulant is
amphetamine
An example of a sex hormone is
androgen
A difference between early-maturing girls and girls who mature later on is that early-maturing girls
are at greater risk for substance abuse than girls who mature later on.
In the context of moral development, in adolescence, many—not all—individuals'
become capable of formal-operational thinking
In adolescent girls, the vaginal lining varies in thickness according to the amount of
estrogen
The female growth spurt during adolescence brakes because of
estrogen
A predictor of a person dropping out of school is
excessive school absence.
The top level in Jean Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory is the stage of
formal operations
The process known as epiphyseal closure is most directly responsible for
growth cessation
The transition to middle, junior high, or high school generally involves a shift from a smaller neighborhood elementary school to a school that
has different teachers for different classes
A students who work more than 11 to 13 hours per week
have higher rates of drug and alcohol use.
Puberty is controlled by a feedback loop involving the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, the gonads—the ovaries in females and the testes in males—and
hormones
Amanda is giving a speech at a meeting of the school's honor society. She is dressed in a dark blazer and slacks and perfect accessories. In spite of that, she feels awkward and self-conscious. She thinks each person in the meeting is watching and judging her appearance critically. Amanda's example illustrates the concept of
imaginary audience
Olivia is attending a birthday party with her friends. She is wearing a new fitness tracker that she recently bought online. She is quite self-conscious about how stylish 'her fitness tracker looks on her wrist and is assuming that her friends are also scrutinizing the new accessory. This scenario illustrates the concept of
imaginary audience
Bulimia nervosa, like anorexia nervosa,
is connected with irregular menstrual cycles
The structure that is responsible for the deepening of the voice among adolescent boys is the
larynx
The female athlete triad describes women who have menstrual problems, lessened bone density, and
low availability of energy
Visual-spatial ability refers to the ability to
mentally manipulate and rotate shapes or objects.
Unlike early-maturing boys, late-maturing boys are
more dependent and insecure than early-maturing boys
Victor, a boy in high school, has matured earlier than his other male friends. He plays on many of the sports teams with his seniors. In this scenario, Victor is
more likely to be poised, relaxed, and good-natured
In comparison with their late-maturing peers, early-maturing boys are
more poised, relaxed, and good-natured
Janee received a sport-utility vehicle as a present from her parents for her 17th birthday. As a result, she has become quite popular among her schoolmates. She often brags about her new vehicle and takes her friends on long rides, usually driving over the speed limit. She believes that driving at high speeds is a thrilling experience. She considers herself too smart to be caught by cops for violating the traffic rules. This scenario illustrates the concept of
personal fable
Children in early childhood tend to view right and wrong in terms of rewards and punishments. Lawrence Kohlberg referred to such judgments as
preconventional
Calcium intake is particularly important for females to
prevent osteoporosis later in life
The structures that make reproduction possible are referred to as
primary sex characteristics
A difference between primary sex characteristics and secondary sex characteristics is that
primary sex characteristics are structures that make reproduction possible, while the secondary sex characteristics are not directly involved in reproduction.
Osteoporosis is a condition involving
progressive loss of bone tissue
The stage of development that is characterized by reaching sexual maturity and the ability to reproduce
puberty
Physical indicators of sexual maturation that are not directly involved in reproduction are known as
secondary sex characteristics
In girls, the pituitary gland
signals the ovaries to boost estrogen production at puberty
Gynecomastia
stems from the small amount of female sex hormones secreted in males by the testes
Nicotine, cocaine, and amphetamines are the most common
stimulants
At puberty, the pituitary gland stimulates the testes to increase their output of
testosterone
The development of acne during adolescence is triggered by
testosterone
Which of the following is a depressant?
Barbiturate
