Chapter 11 Adolescent

According to Chapter 11, one benefit of globalization has been A) making daily life easier in traditional cultures. B) the increased wealth of industrialized nations. C) creating a similar set of world beliefs. D) all of these answers are correct.

A

According to Holland's theory (1993) of personality, "conventional" personalities are best suited to be in occupations such as a. bank tellers. b. teachers. c. truck drivers. d. counselors.

A

According to research, what work factor is positively related to psychological well-being and self-esteem? A job that involves a. learning new skills. b. working 15 hours a week. c. repetitive skills. d. major amounts of overtime.

A

According to the text, adolescents who become cynical about their part-time work are potentially justifying their a. occupational deviance. b. debt bondage. c. community service. d. retention rate.

A

According to the text, technologically-driven changes in work are likely to a. allow an increasing proportion of work to be done at home. b. allow less flexibility in the workplace for both men and women. c. increase women's second shift because of longer hours at their job. d. allow men to be the primary caretaker of young children.

A

Before industrialization began as early as the ________ century, America was similar to many current traditional cultures in terms of adolescent work. a. 17th b. 19th c. 20th d. 21st

A

Carl works for a delivery company. He works most weekdays after school and long shifts on the weekends. During most pay periods, he has banked over 25 hours a week. From this we can conclude that Carl a. may be more anxious than his classmates. b. comes from a low-income family. c. has younger stepbrothers and sisters. d. gets more sleep than his friends.

A

For recent veterans, military service has been found to a. increase self-confidence and leadership skills. b. broaden emerging adults intellectually. c. contribute to alcohol abuse. d. negatively impact future career choice.

A

Gillian is a 14-year-old girl living in Columbus, Ohio. If Gillian is typical of most adolescent girls, Gillian's first job is most likely a. baby-sitting. b. lawn mowing. c. sales clerk. d. restaurant hostess.

A

Imagine you bought an Indian rug with a RUGMARK label. This means that the rug a. not made with child labor b. an antique. c. made by hand. d. authentic Indian made

A

In terms of occupational choice, what benefits do adolescents from preindustrial traditional cultures have? A) Having the security of knowing from an early age the kind of work they will do as adults. B) They have a wide range of choices with little gender bias. C) Traditional cultures allow adolescents time to decide on their career choice. D) Their individual talents are matched to their occupations.

A

It "requires a personal investment in which the action of helping others becomes part of one's identity and thus is understood and articulated in terms of what makes one feel good." This statement describes a. community service. b. apprenticeships. c. occupational deviance. d. international labor regulations.

A

Jenny lives in Alabama and volunteers with the Red Cross four times a month. According to research, when Jenny becomes a young adult, compared to others who have not volunteered, she is a. more likely to be politically active. b. less likely to be politically active. c. more likely to move out of Alabama. d. more likely to stay in Alabama.

A

What benefit do adolescents and their families in traditional cultures derive from adolescents working? a. improves basic necessities like food and clothing b. creates an opportunity for families to travel and see loved ones c. builds opportunities for younger siblings to work and earn d. there are no expressed benefits to the family only the working adolescent.

A

Which statement best characterizes "life cycle service"? A) Adolescents moved out of parents' homes to become an apprentice. B) Young people began to learn the trades of their parents. C) Adolescents who were sold into slavery to feed their families. D) Young people learning a trade by attending a vocational school.

A. Adolescents moved out of parents' homes to become an apprentice

According to research, approximately how many adolescents participate in community service at least once a year? a. one-third b. two-thirds c. one-half d. three-quarters

B

According to research, the part-time work done by American adolescents a. is strongly connected to their career paths. b. rarely involves close partnerships with adult role models. c. is usually in apprenticeships that connect to school curriculum. d. increases a student's grade point average.

B

According to the text, approximately how many Peace Corps volunteers are currently serving? A) 5,000 B) 9,000 C) 15,000 D) 178,000

B

According to the text, at what age do most Western European adolescents enter an apprenticeship program if they have chosen that direction? a. 13 years old b. 16 years old c. 18 years old d. 21 years old

B

According to the text, one implication that follows from increasing technology in manufacturing is a. higher wages for unskilled U.S. workers. b. the decline of high-paying, low-skilled manufacturing jobs. c. factories moving overseas or to the suburbs. d. an increase in the urban tax base.

B

According to the text, one potential explanation for higher substance use among adolescents who work part-time while attending high school is that they abuse substances a. for enjoyment. b. as a stress reliever. c. because of peer pressure. d. all of these answers are correct.

B

Balwant's parents are living in severe poverty in New Delhi, India. Balwant's parents have decided that the only way they can survive is to take out a loan and guarantee the money with Balwant's labor. This is known as a. credentialism. b. debt bondage. c. community service d. apprenticeship loan.

B

Doug is a young adolescent who is facing a job search right after high school graduation in 2012. How would Doug's job prospects likely compare to his father's job prospects in 1968? A) Doug has a better chance of getting a good manufacturing job. B) Doug's father had a better chance at a good manufacturing job. C) Both Doug and his father have the same opportunity. D) None of these answers are correct.

B

Gurjit is 18 years old and has just finished a year in Ethiopia with the Peace Corps. Gurjit helped build a school for a small village. When Gurjit returned to the U.S., she was asked if she would make the same decision to go into the Peace Corps again. If Gurjit is like most Peace Corps members, she would most likely respond, a. "No, I'd never do that again." b. "Yes, I would make the same decision to join." c. "Maybe, but I wouldn't go to Africa again." d. "No comment, and get that microphone out of my face."

B

Heather has a part-time job while attending high school full time. According to research, if Heather is living with her middle-class professional parents she is likely to spend her money a. helping support her parents. b. solely for her own enjoyment and leisure. c. on food, rent, and utilities. d. to save for college.

B

In contrast to adolescents who don't volunteer, those who do tend to A) live in a two-parent family. B) have higher educational goals. C) be an only child. D) all of these answers are correct.

B

In contrast to high school graduates, adolescents who drop out before they graduate are more likely to be A) underemployed. B) unemployed. C) employed. D) none of these answers are correct.

B

In contrast to traditional cultures, adolescents in developed economies A) have security from knowing that they will do what their father and grandfather did. B) have to decide on an achievable career choice. C) only have access to gender-specific career choices. D) none of these answers are correct.

B

Marilina is a young Brazilian girl living in a traditional culture. As such, she will be expected to have the responsibility of helping to care for her younger siblings beginning around ________ years of age. a. 12 or 13 b. 6 or 7 c. 17 or 18 d. 10 or 11

B

Research completed in the United States shows that lower educational attainment, especially for _______________, leads to more difficulty in finding stable jobs. a. African Americans b. Latinos c. Whites d. Asian Americans

B

Researchers have revisited the 1988 study "The Forgotten Half" to see if the plight of high school graduates who do not attend college was the same 10 years later. The current study found that a. their job prospects rose as the economy grew in the United States. b. young people who don't attend college still face declining earnings c) high school graduates now have equal opportunities as two-year college grads. d) there were no clear differences after 10 years of study.

B

Rudyard is a 16-year-old living in Germany. In terms of research conducted on adolescent employment, if Rudyard is typical of most adolescents in Western Europe, we can conclude that A) adolescent employment is non-existent in Rudyard's country. B) Rudyard's work is in an apprenticeship program connected to his schooling. C) in Rudyard's country, most adolescents attend school and work part-time. D) none of these answers are correct.

B

Who is most likely to serve in the Peace Corp? a. An only child b. A recent university graduate c. An adolescent from a single-parent family d. An emerging adult from a traditional culture

B

According to research conducted on Job Corps results over four years, researchers found a. participants were more likely to be arrested. b. higher unemployment rates after the program ended. c. participants were more likely to earn a GED. d. less motivation among nonparticipants to be gainfully employed.

C

According to research, which cultural group has the lowest educational attainment? a. African Americans b. Asian Americans c. Latino Americans d. White Americans

C

According to sociologist William Julius Wilson (1996), what conclusion can we draw about the current system of local funding of schools? The current system a. is centralized and equal between inner-city and suburban schools. b. concentrates the most effective school programs in the inner-city areas. c. perpetuates inequality because poor areas have a smaller tax base. d. creates an inequality in favor of inner-city schools.

C

According to the text, all of the U.S. school-to-work and job-training programs tried thus far have a. met with little or no success. b. been adopted as a nationwide coordinated program. c. only been implemented on a limited scale. d. all of these answers are correct.

C

Approximately _____ of American emerging adults attend college after graduating from high school a. 20% b. 50% c. 70% d. 80%

C

Dennis is a young adolescent working 15 hours a week at the Burger Barn. Similar to adolescents in a study investigating rates of alcohol use and work patterns, Dennis drinks more than his nonworking counterparts. According to research, what is likely to be Dennis's pattern of alcohol use in his early twenties? a. Dennis will continue to have higher rates of alcohol use than girls his own age. b. Dennis will drink less by his early twenties regardless of whether he attends college. c. Dennis's alcohol use will be similar to emerging adults who worked less in high school. d. There is no data to support a conclusion about Dennis's drinking or other social habits.

C

How do the Peace Corps and AmeriCorps differ? a. AmeriCorps sends volunteers abroad. b. The Peace Corps is only open to volunteers who are over 25 years old. c. AmeriCorps does not administer a volunteer program. d. There is no difference between the Peace Corps and AmeriCorps.

C

Imagine you wrote a paper which investigates the connection between unemployment and cultural groups. One likely conclusion your paper would draw is that A) there is no relationship between culture and unemployment. B) unemployment is highest among Asian Americans. C) unemployment is especially high among African American teenagers. D) the U.S. has higher unemployment when compared to most European countries.

C

Kendra is a member of AmeriCorps. She has spent two years volunteering as a tutor for children and adults in low-income families. According to the research, if Kendra is like most AmeriCorps volunteers, we can predict that she a. will not be a volunteer in her adult life. b. will continue on to the Peace Corps. c. has significantly gained in all five "life skills areas." d. will not be able to afford to attend college after AmeriCorps.

C

Ocheling is an adolescent nomadic Bushman of the Kalahari Desert in Africa. If Ocheling wants to get married he will first have to a. get a tattoo. b. wait until he is 20 years old. c. kill an antelope. d. wait until his father dies.

C

One implication that follows from cultures where people are allowed to choose their occupation is that A) unemployment is lower than in traditional cultures. B) people have higher levels of depression associated with occupational choice. C) individuals are able to judge how a job would be suited to their personality. D) people are less likely to choose academic occupations.

C

Research that calls for the "new basic skills" to help high school students find gainful employment without a college degree outlines six skills that increase success in getting a good job. Which of the following is NOT one of the six skills they specify? a. solving semi structured problems b. doing math at a grade-nine level c. collaborating in pairs with persons of similar skills d. communicating orally and in writing

C

Some studies have shown positive findings between adolescent work and psychological functioning that includes a. a more balanced personal fable. b. strong adolescent egocentrism. c. increased self-esteem. d. better relationships with family members.

C

Suppose you wrote a paper detailing the decline of family farming and the increase of factory work among adolescent laborers in the United States. What conclusion would most likely be a part of your paper? a. Farm service increased to over 70% in the 18th and 19th centuries. b. The transition to industrialized labor is known as life cycle service. c. In the 19th century, the proportion of the farming labor force declined to under 40%. d. A large proportion of adolescent workers were unemployed in the 19th century.

C

Susanna is an emerging adult who has to think about what career she wants to pursue. She is also acutely aware of the possibility that she may have to leave her work to raise a family and be a mother. According to research, if Susanna is typical of most girls her age she a. is likely not to let her family aspirations interfere with her career choices. b. is thinking she will have children before she begins her career. c. realizes that motherhood may affect her career choices. d. knows her husband will take a leave of absence to help raise their young children.

C

The _________ Inventory is a vocational interest inventory used for matching a person with a prospective occupation based on Holland's theory of personality. a. Jarvis-Selinger b. Novak-Lauscher c. Strong-Campbell d. Woodcock-Johnson

C

A recent study reported that Americorps volunteers were higher than a comparison group on all but which of the following? A) understanding community problems. B) engagement in civic activities. C) overall life satisfaction. D) all of these answers are correct.

D

According to Murnane & Levy (2004), high schools are failing to connect to the new economy by NOT providing adolescents with what? a. volunteer opportunities b. work experience c. hot lunches d. computer skills

D

According to research, working more than _________ hours a week is associated with a variety of types of problem behavior including vandalism, driving while intoxicated, and beating up someone. a. 4 b. 8 c. 10 d. 20

D

According to the text, adolescent girls in developing countries may become prostitutes in several ways which can include A) kidnapped and taken to another country. B) promised jobs in domestic service. C) sold into prostitution by parents. D) all of these answers are correct.

D

According to the text, in contrast to adolescents who don't work, those who work more than 10 hours per week are more likely to a. have more regular sleep patterns. b. live in an urban center. c. come from a single-parent family. d. use alcohol and smoke cigarettes.

D

According to the text, in terms of research, "retention rate" refers to a. the length of time a research participant was able to recall information. b. the amount of information a participant is able to learn during an intervention study. c. how long a person holds onto negative feelings while participating in a study. d. the percentage of participants who continued in a longitudinal study after the first year.

D

According to the text, what was the first country in which industrialization took place and the first to use child and adolescent labor in industrial settings? a. United States b. Turkey c. South Africa d. Great Britain

D

According to the text, which of the following illustrates gender socialization? A) Teaching girls that math and science should not be male-dominated. B) The developmental period when boys and girls learn about their own sexuality. C) Learning that no job is either "male" or "female" but everything is based on talent. D) None of these answers are correct.

D

According to the text, who would be considered unemployed? A) A mother caring for her children B) A full-time college student C) A young man who is not looking for a job D) All of these answers are correct

D

Carl is a young man who is introspective, imaginative, and sensitive. Most people would think of Carl as an unconventional person who loves unstructured activity. According to Holland's personality theory, what "type" is Carl? a. Intellectual b. Social c. Enterprising d. Artistic

D

Generally, adolescents view their part-time jobs as A) apprenticeships to their school work. B) the beginning of career development. C) strongly connected to their postsecondary education. D) none of these answers are correct.

D

Georgia is an emerging adult living in Philadelphia. She lives in a downtown apartment with her mother. According to research, Georgia's chances of securing a well-paid job are low because A) most jobs are being created in the suburbs. B) she does not own a car. C) she is less likely to have access to many personal contacts for jobs. D) all of these answers are correct.

D

In research that investigated the jobs available to high school grads, six "new basic skills" were found to be necessary for job success. If Harjeet is a young girl facing decisions about jobs after high school graduation, which of Harjeet's skills would be considered helpful to her finding a good job? Being able to A) collaborate in diverse groups. B) read at a ninth-grade level or higher. C) use a computer for word processing. D) all of these answers are correct.

D

In traditional farming cultures, who is typically responsible for the livestock and farmland? a. mothers and daughters b. fathers and daughters c. mothers and sons d. fathers and sons

D

Julie lives with her mom and dad in Pittsburgh. Julie is an only child and just celebrated her 15th birthday. Her father is a lawyer and her mother volunteers at the YMCA. According to research, what factor in Julie's life is most likely to predict the fact that Julie engages in community service? The fact that a. she lives with both her mom and dad. b. she is 15 years old. c. her father is a professional. d. her mother volunteers.

D

One implication that follows from American schools placing low demands on their students is that adolescents a. have higher achievement scores. b. often choose vocational careers by their mid-teens. c. will eventually have lower paying jobs. d. are able to hold part-time jobs.

D

One implication that follows from adolescent community service is that, in contrast to adolescents who don't volunteer, those who do are a. less likely to be politically active. b. more likely to become cynical about what volunteering can accomplish. c. less likely to be reflective on their lives. d. more likely to be conscious of themselves as citizens.

D

Renata is considering an apprenticeship program. She lives in Dusseldorf, Germany. According to the text, what options does Renata have in terms of potential apprenticeship placements? Renata can choose placements A) in the trades. B) as a skilled laborer. C) in professional positions. D) all of these answers are correct.

D

Samantha is 16 years old and works after school at the local gas station. If Samantha is typical of other high students, working more than 10 hours a week will affect her A) sleep patterns. B) eating habits. C) level of exercise. D) all of these answers are correct.

D

Shelby is a 20-year-old girl entering the psychology program at her local college. She is doing so because she has decided she wants to work with abused children. According to Super's theory of occupational goals, what stage would Shelby be? a. Crystallization b. Consolidation c. Implementation d. Specification

D

Suppose you were an adolescent girl in a study about costs and benefits of employment. When asked about the benefits of working, you would likely agree that _________ is one positive factor. a. access to a mentor b. connections to school c. thinking about work during boring classes d. gaining a sense of responsibility

D

What is the last stage of Super's (1992) theory of the development of occupational goals? a. Implementation b. Specification c. Stabilization d. Consolidation

D

Which statement most accurately represents the relationship between American schools and adolescent work? A) Apprenticeships are the cornerstone to the adolescent work/school experience. B) Work experiences are directly related to school curriculum. C) Widespread mentoring programs in American schools create a smooth transition to adolescent work. D) None of these answers are correct.

D

Hunting, fishing, and farming are occupational pursuits most common in ________ cultures. a. Western cultures b. traditional cultures c. industrialized cultures d. Eastern cultures

b

According to the text, one disadvantage of increased globalization is a. more competition among nations resulting in higher production. b. lower wages in Western countries which affects unionized workers. c. brutal working conditions in countries changing from a preindustrial to a global economy. d. creating large debts in Eastern countries particularly after the fall of Communism.

c