Chapter 11 Anatomy
The length of the cardiac cycle is normally ________ second(s) in length.
0.8
What part of the heart's intrinsic conduction system carries impulses into the interventricular septum?
AV bundle
Where does the sinoatrial node send an impulse after it initiates the electrical signal?
AV node
Which of the following occurs when the pressure in the ventricles rises higher than the pressure in the atria?
Atrioventricular valves close.
When ventricles ________, the AV valves are closed.
Contract
Oxygented blood nourishing the myocardium comes from vessels that branch off the aorta called ________.
Coronary arteries
Which of the following supply the myocardium with oxygen-rich blood?
Coronary arteries
What information can a clinician obtain from an electrocardiogram (ECG)?
abnormality in electrical activity of heart
Which of the following is a warning sign of an impending myocardial infarction?
angina pectoris
Blood leaves the left ventricle through an artery known as the ________.
aorta
Which valve guards the base of the aorta and opens when the ventricles are contracting?
aortic semilunar valve
The pointed, inferior portion of the heart, known as the ________, rests on the diaphragm and is oriented toward the left hip.
apex
The two superior receiving chambers of the heart are known as the ________, while the two inferior discharging chambers of the heart are known as the ________.
atria; ventricles
The first heart sound, "lub," is caused by the closure of the ________ valves.
atrioventricular (AV)
Pulmonary arteries transport ________.
blood rich in carbon dioxide to the lungs
The tiny white cords that anchor the cusps or flaps of endocardium to the walls of the ventricles are called the ________.
chordae tendineae
What anchors the flaps of the atrioventricular valves to the walls of the ventricles?
chordae tendineae
The heart sounds "lub" and "dup" result from ________.
closure of the heart valves
The coronary veins empty blood from the myocardium into a large vein on the posterior side of the heart known as the ________.
coronary sinus
The layer of the heart wall synonymous with the visceral layer of the serous pericardium is ________.
epicardium
The visceral layer of the serous pericardium is actually the same layer as the ________.
epicardium
Which of these events is NOT associated with ventricular systole?
heart is relaxed
Pericarditis is most closely related to which of the following cardiac conditions?
inadequate amounts of serous fluid
What structure divides the left atrium from the right atrium?
interatrial septum
The walls of the ________ are substantially thicker because that chamber acts as the more powerful systemic pump of the heart.
left ventricle
What chamber of the heart will blood enter after passing through the bicuspid valve?
left ventricle
When the ventricles contract, the bicuspid (mitral) valve prevents blood from flowing from the ________.
left ventricle to left atrium
Pulmonary circulation involves blood flow to and from the heart and the ________.
lungs
The bicuspid valve is also referred to as the ________ valve.
mitral
What is the function of the heart valves?
prevents backflow of blood
The transportation of blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart is known as ________ circulation.
pulmonary
Which one of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood?
pulmonary vein
The left atrium receives blood from the ________.
pulmonary veins
The sinoatrial node is located in the ________.
right atrium
The tricuspid valve is located between the ________.
right atrium and right ventricle
Which one of the following represents the correct path for the transmission of an impulse in the intrinsic conduction system of the heart?
sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
The anatomy of the intrinsic conduction system causes contraction of the ventricles to begin at the apex and move superiorly. Why is this important?
so blood is forced upward, toward the semilunar valves
Which of these will decrease heart rate?
stimulation by vagus nerves
The volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle with each beat of the heart is called the ________.
stroke volume
The volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle with each heartbeat is known as ________.
stroke volume (sv)
The term that means heart contraction is ________.
systole
Coronary artery disease results from ________.
the accumulation of fatty substances within blood vessels
The valves located between the atria and ventricles are known as the ________ valves.
trioventricular (AV)
During mid-to-late diastole, blood flows from the atria to the ________.
ventricles
The mitral valve is normally closed ________.
when the ventricle is in systole
Where does the blood travel in the heart?
1. right atrium 2.tricuspid valve 3. right ventricle 4. pulmonary semilunar valve 5. pulmonary trunk 6. right and left pulmonary arteries 7.pulmonary capillaries (lungs) 8.pulmonary veins 9. left atrium 10. bicuspid valve 11. left ventricle 12. aortic semilunar valve 13. aorta 14. systematic arteries 15. systematic capillaries 16. systematic veins 17. vena cavae
A person with a heart rate of 75 beats per minute and a stroke volume of 60 mL per beat has a cardiac output of ________.
4500 mL/minute
The average heart beats about ________ times per minute.
75
The electrocardiogram (ECG) wave that results from the firing of the sinoatrial (SA) node is the ________ wave.
P
The sinoatrial node, located in the right atrium of the heart, is often called the ________.
Pacemaker
What term refers to the contraction of the heart?
Systole
Through which valve will blood flow when leaving the right atrium?
Tricuspid valve