Chapter 11 & 12 Medical Terminology
systole
contraction of the heart
expectoration
coughing up and spitting out of material from the lungs
cilia
hair like structures
stethoscope
instrument for listening to respiratory and cardiac sounds
myocardial infraction
is another word for a heart attack, where parts of the heart may die
apnea
not breathing
unstable angina
occurs at rest or with exertion and has changed intensity, frequency, and/or duration
hemoptysis
spitting or coughing up blood
EKG
(electrocardiogram) instrument used in measuring the electrical potential during a heartbeat
pulmonary valve
A semilunar valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.
Capillary
A tiny blood vessel where substances are exchanged between the blood and the body cells.
bronchi
Airways in the lungs that lead from the trachea to the bronchioles.
respiration
breathing
inhalation
breathing in
exhalation
breathing out
atherosclerosis
hardening of fatty plaques
left lung
has 2 lobes
right lung
has 3 lobes
congestive heart failure (CHF)
heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood
normal sinus rhythm
heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node with a resting rate of 60 to 100 beats per minute
dysphonia
hoarseness
emphysema
hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls ( caused by smoking)
phlebotomy
incision in the vein
thoracotomy
incision into the chest
diastole
relaxation of the heart
lobectomy
removal of the lobe
bradycardia
slow heart beat ( -60 bpm)
bronchioles
smallest branches of the bronchi
mediastinum
space between the lungs
coronary arteries
supply the heart with oxygen
tracheostomy
surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck
arterial anastomosis
surgical joining together of two arteries
thoracentesis
surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space
endarterectomy
surgical removal of the lining of an artery
internal respiration
the exchange of gases within the cells of the body organs, cells, and tissues
oropharynx
the second division of the pharynx, the portion that is visible when looking into the mouth
laryngopharynx
the third division of the pharynx, is shared by both the respiratory and digestive systems
trachea
windpipe
veins
blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
angiogram
record of a vessel
bundle of his
AV bundle
pharynx
throat
pulmonary artery
Carries oxygen-deficient blood to each long
Arteries
Large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
diaphragm
Large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that helps with breathing
atrioventricular node
Node that sends an electrical impulse to the "Bundle of His" in the heart
Right bundle branch
Part of bundle of His. Carry impulse down through the ventricles.
alveoli
Terminal air sacs that constitute the gas exchange surface of the lungs.
heart block
a block or delay of the normal electrical conduction of the heart
epiglottis
a flap of cartilage that covers the windpipe while swallowing
pneumothorax
abnormal air in the chest
dyspnea
abnormal breathing
cyanosis
abnormal coloration of blue
paranasal sinuses
air-filled cavities lined with mucous membrane, located in the bones of the skull
coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)
arteries and veins are anastomosed to coronary arteries to detour around blockages
percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)
balloon-tipped catheter inserted into a coronary artery to open the artery and stent put in place
aortic valve
between left ventricle and aorta
pulmonary embolism (PE)
blocking of a pulmonary artery due to a blood clot
hemothorax
blood in the chest
inferior vena cava
carries blood from lower regions of the body to right atrium
pulmonary veins
carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
arteries
carry blood away from the heart
fibrillation
chaotic, irregular contractions of the heart, as in atrial or ventricular fibrillation
asthma
chronic respiratory disease in which the air passageways become narrower than normal
atelectasis
collapsed lung
pacemaker
device that regulates cardiac electrical activity
coronary artery disease (CAD)
disease of the arteries surrounding the heart
lobes
divisions of the lungs
pleura
double-layered membrane surrounding each lung
orthopnea
easier breathing in up right position
echocardiography (ECHO)
echoes generated by high-frequency sound waves produce images of the heart
cardiomegaly
enlargement of the heart
external respiration
exchange of gases between lungs and blood
rales (crackles)
fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli
rhinorrhea
flow from the nose
endocarditis
inflammation of the inner lining of the heart
laryngitis
inflammation of the larynx
inspiration
inhalation
visceral pleura
inner layer of pleura lying closer to the lung tissue
endocardium
inner lining of the heart
asphyxia
lack if pulse, death by breathing
aorta
largest artery in the body
auscultation
listening to sounds in the body
aneurysm
local widening of an arterial wall
palatine tonsils
located on the left and right sides of the throat in the area that is visible through the mouth
nasal cavity
located within and posterior to the nose
capillary
long and slender with a very small internal diameter
hypoxia
low oxygen
left ventricle
lower left heart chamber
right ventricle
lower right heart chamber
sputum
material expelled from the lungs by coughing
sphygmomanometer
measures pressure ( pulse)
pericardium
membranous sac enclosing the heart
myocardium
muscular, middle layer of the heart
nose
nasal
left bundle branch
nerve tissue that carries electricity through left ventricle
parietal pleura
outer layer of pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall
sinoatrial node (SA node)
pacemaker of the heart
pharyngeal tonsils
pair of non-encapsulated lymphatic tissue in nasopharynx; aka adenoids
nasopharynx
part of the pharynx directly behind the nasal passages
visceral
pertaining to internal organs
endotracheal intubation
placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, and trachea to establish an airway
empyema
puss in chest ( infection)
tachypnea
rapid breathing ( hyperventilation)
tachycardia
rapid heart beat ( +100 BPM)
superior vena cava
receives blood from the head and arms and chest and empties into the right atrium of the heart
left atrium
receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs through the four pulmonary veins
right atrium
upper right heart chamber
mitral valve
valve between the left atrium and left ventricle
tricuspid valve
valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle
bronchoscopy
visual examination of the bronchi
larynx
voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords