Chapter 11 & 12 Medical Terminology

systole

contraction of the heart

expectoration

coughing up and spitting out of material from the lungs

cilia

hair like structures

stethoscope

instrument for listening to respiratory and cardiac sounds

myocardial infraction

is another word for a heart attack, where parts of the heart may die

apnea

not breathing

unstable angina

occurs at rest or with exertion and has changed intensity, frequency, and/or duration

hemoptysis

spitting or coughing up blood

EKG

(electrocardiogram) instrument used in measuring the electrical potential during a heartbeat

pulmonary valve

A semilunar valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.

Capillary

A tiny blood vessel where substances are exchanged between the blood and the body cells.

bronchi

Airways in the lungs that lead from the trachea to the bronchioles.

respiration

breathing

inhalation

breathing in

exhalation

breathing out

atherosclerosis

hardening of fatty plaques

left lung

has 2 lobes

right lung

has 3 lobes

congestive heart failure (CHF)

heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood

normal sinus rhythm

heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node with a resting rate of 60 to 100 beats per minute

dysphonia

hoarseness

emphysema

hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls ( caused by smoking)

phlebotomy

incision in the vein

thoracotomy

incision into the chest

diastole

relaxation of the heart

lobectomy

removal of the lobe

bradycardia

slow heart beat ( -60 bpm)

bronchioles

smallest branches of the bronchi

mediastinum

space between the lungs

coronary arteries

supply the heart with oxygen

tracheostomy

surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck

arterial anastomosis

surgical joining together of two arteries

thoracentesis

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space

endarterectomy

surgical removal of the lining of an artery

internal respiration

the exchange of gases within the cells of the body organs, cells, and tissues

oropharynx

the second division of the pharynx, the portion that is visible when looking into the mouth

laryngopharynx

the third division of the pharynx, is shared by both the respiratory and digestive systems

trachea

windpipe

veins

blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

angiogram

record of a vessel

bundle of his

AV bundle

pharynx

throat

pulmonary artery

Carries oxygen-deficient blood to each long

Arteries

Large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

diaphragm

Large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that helps with breathing

atrioventricular node

Node that sends an electrical impulse to the "Bundle of His" in the heart

Right bundle branch

Part of bundle of His. Carry impulse down through the ventricles.

alveoli

Terminal air sacs that constitute the gas exchange surface of the lungs.

heart block

a block or delay of the normal electrical conduction of the heart

epiglottis

a flap of cartilage that covers the windpipe while swallowing

pneumothorax

abnormal air in the chest

dyspnea

abnormal breathing

cyanosis

abnormal coloration of blue

paranasal sinuses

air-filled cavities lined with mucous membrane, located in the bones of the skull

coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)

arteries and veins are anastomosed to coronary arteries to detour around blockages

percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)

balloon-tipped catheter inserted into a coronary artery to open the artery and stent put in place

aortic valve

between left ventricle and aorta

pulmonary embolism (PE)

blocking of a pulmonary artery due to a blood clot

hemothorax

blood in the chest

inferior vena cava

carries blood from lower regions of the body to right atrium

pulmonary veins

carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

arteries

carry blood away from the heart

fibrillation

chaotic, irregular contractions of the heart, as in atrial or ventricular fibrillation

asthma

chronic respiratory disease in which the air passageways become narrower than normal

atelectasis

collapsed lung

pacemaker

device that regulates cardiac electrical activity

coronary artery disease (CAD)

disease of the arteries surrounding the heart

lobes

divisions of the lungs

pleura

double-layered membrane surrounding each lung

orthopnea

easier breathing in up right position

echocardiography (ECHO)

echoes generated by high-frequency sound waves produce images of the heart

cardiomegaly

enlargement of the heart

external respiration

exchange of gases between lungs and blood

rales (crackles)

fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli

rhinorrhea

flow from the nose

endocarditis

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

laryngitis

inflammation of the larynx

inspiration

inhalation

visceral pleura

inner layer of pleura lying closer to the lung tissue

endocardium

inner lining of the heart

asphyxia

lack if pulse, death by breathing

aorta

largest artery in the body

auscultation

listening to sounds in the body

aneurysm

local widening of an arterial wall

palatine tonsils

located on the left and right sides of the throat in the area that is visible through the mouth

nasal cavity

located within and posterior to the nose

capillary

long and slender with a very small internal diameter

hypoxia

low oxygen

left ventricle

lower left heart chamber

right ventricle

lower right heart chamber

sputum

material expelled from the lungs by coughing

sphygmomanometer

measures pressure ( pulse)

pericardium

membranous sac enclosing the heart

myocardium

muscular, middle layer of the heart

nose

nasal

left bundle branch

nerve tissue that carries electricity through left ventricle

parietal pleura

outer layer of pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall

sinoatrial node (SA node)

pacemaker of the heart

pharyngeal tonsils

pair of non-encapsulated lymphatic tissue in nasopharynx; aka adenoids

nasopharynx

part of the pharynx directly behind the nasal passages

visceral

pertaining to internal organs

endotracheal intubation

placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, and trachea to establish an airway

empyema

puss in chest ( infection)

tachypnea

rapid breathing ( hyperventilation)

tachycardia

rapid heart beat ( +100 BPM)

superior vena cava

receives blood from the head and arms and chest and empties into the right atrium of the heart

left atrium

receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs through the four pulmonary veins

right atrium

upper right heart chamber

mitral valve

valve between the left atrium and left ventricle

tricuspid valve

valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle

bronchoscopy

visual examination of the bronchi

larynx

voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords