Chapter 11 & 12 Psychology

Simon bites his mother

According to the frustration aggression theory, which of the following is likely to occur when Simon gets frustrated with his toilet training?

Regression

After Mike does not get the job he interviewed for, he moves back in with his parents and spends his days playing video games. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

Freudian slip

Asa is buying a gift for his mother, an overbearing woman who is difficult to please. When a clerk asks him who he is shopping for he replies, "my smother" instead of "my mother." What does this exemplify?

having groups meet under equal terms and cooperate on a task

Based on the discussion in your text, which of the following strategies would effectively reduce prejudice between groups?

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Carl Jung's view of extroverted and introverted types serves as a basis of the ________.

beliefs and expectations

Cognitive processes refer to all characteristics previously learned: ________.

self-serving bias

Following an outcome, ________ are those attributions that enable us to see ourselves in favorable light.

Scapegoating

In California, undocumented migrants are often blamed for high unemployment in the state, although statistics show that high unemployment is not related to the number of illegal migrants. In this example, illegal migrants are victims of ________: the act of blaming an out-group when the in-group experiences frustration or is blocked from obtaining a goal.

an internal locus of control

Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices constantly, and cooks well because she takes cooking classes. Julian Rotter would say that Jessica has ________.

fundamental attribution error

Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she likes to bully him, not because she had a bad day. Lee is making a ________.

self-serving bias

Penny gets an acting job on Friday that she attributes to her good acting. She doesn't get the next acting job; therefore, she blames the casting director for not wanting to hire a woman. This is an example of ________.

diffusion of responsibility

Suppose you are walking down a street. A woman has fallen down, but because there are so many people around it does not occur to you that you should help. You just assume someone else is about to help her and keep walking. This is an example of ________.

Just-world

The ________ hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve.

Milgram lied to his respondents, making his study borderline unethical.

What is a major problem with the original Milgram study?

Neo-Freudians reduced the emphasis on sex.

What is the main difference between Sigmund Freud and the neo-Freudians?

The word "Asch" should be replaced by "Zimbardo."

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Asch conducted his prison experiment to demonstrate that social roles have a great deal of influence on individual behavior.

reciprocity

When it comes to relationships, we expect to share thoughts, feelings, and ideas in a mutual exchange called ________.

influence of the group majority on an individual's judgment

Which of the following best defines the Asch effect?

Foot-in-the-door

Which type of persuasion involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item?

central route

Which type of persuasion involves logic-driven arguments using data and facts to convince people of an argument's worthiness?

informational

Which type of social influence involves conformity to a group norm prompted by the belief that the group is competent and has the correct information?

Zimbardo

Who conducted the Stanford prison experiment?

Albert Bandura

Who developed social-cognitive theory?

Sigmund Freud

Who developed the first comprehensive theory of personality?

Milgram

Who was the social psychology professor at Yale who designed an obedience study in order to test the defense of "I was just following orders" typically used by accused Nazis?

heritability

________ describes a proportion of difference among people that is attributed to genetics.

Dispositionism

________ holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors.

Trait

________ theorists attempt to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving.