Chapter 11 aphrodisiac

Nuclear steam supply

A ___ system is a steam generation system consisting of a nuclear reactor, reactor coolant system, chemical and volume control system, auxiliary cooling system, safeguard system, waste treatment system, and fuel-handling system.

flash steam geothermal power plant

A ___ utilizes high-pressure hot water from deep inside the Earth, converting it to steam to drive generator turbines.

False

A combined cycle power plant uses gases and steam turbines together to produce up to 70% more electricity than a traditional simple-cycle plant from the same fuel.

25

A high-temperature hot water system must have pressure at least ___ psi above the saturation pressure of the maximum temperature to prevent pump cavitation and flashing of superheated water to steam.

Heat recovery steam generator

A(n) ___ creates steam from the gas turbine exhaust heat and delivers it to the steam turbine.

Reactor

A(n) ___ generates heat by the interaction of nuclear particles rather than by chemical reaction.

High temperature hot water system

A(n) ___ operates at export temperatures of 350°F to 420°F (176.7°C to 215.6°C) with the pressure at least 25 psi (172.4 kPa) above the saturated temperature.

District Energy System

A(n) ___ produces an HTF, normally steam, hot water, or chilled water, at a central plant and then distributes the HTF through piping systems to buildings connected to the system.

Dish / sterling

A(n) ___ system uses a conclave (dish-like) reflecting surface to concentrate direct solar radiation onto a receiver.

Parabolic trough

A(n) ___ system uses a linear solar-energy reflector to concentrate energy on a receiver.

Surplusing

A(n) ___ valve is a reverse acting pressure reducing valve.

True

At a minimum, the steam in a nuclear energy system must be directed through a separator to ensure dry steam is provided to the LP turbine.

False

At present, the only nuclear reaction capable of sustained and large-scale production of heat is fusion.

True

Biomass waste generally contains excessive moisture and will not sustain a flame without fossil fuels in a cofiring furnace.

False

Fossil fuels are a renewable source of energy.

False

Fuel oil burns cleaner than other fuels, causing less pollution.

2

Geothermal energy is used to generate approximately ___% of the electrical power in both the United States and Canada.

Desuperheater

HP turbines may require a min/max temperature variation of 0.1%, making precise temperature control via a(n) ___ essential.

Torus

If an emergency shutdown is required in a boiling water reactor, water from the ___ is pumped into the reactor.

Surplusing

If the flash steam is not sufficient to heat the feedwater heaters or deaerator, then the ___ valve supplies steam from other sources.

Economizer

In a 1990s steam generation plant, the hot gases of combustion, after traveling through the furnace and tube areas, are further utilized to add more heat to the boiler feedwater in the ___.

Combined cycle power plant

In a ___, a gas turbine generator generates electricity while the waste heat from the gas turbine is used to make steam to generate additional electricity via a steam turbine.

???

In a ___, the geothermal HTF causes the secondary HTF to turn to steam, which is used to drive a generator turbine, then the water is injected back into the ground to be reheated.

Dry system geothermal power plant

In a ___, the steam is piped directly from underground wells and from there directed into a turbine/generator unit.

False

In a boiling water reactor (BWR), when the control rods are positioned close to the nuclear source, more energy is available for the production of steam.

Suppression chamber

In a boiling water reactor, a torus-shaped ___ is located below the drywell and is approximately half-full of water.

Deaerator

In a modern (2010s) steam generation plant, feedwater is gravity fed from the ___ to the boiler feed pump, where it must overcome the operating pressures at the steam drum and frictional loses through the piping system.

Primary loop

In a pressurized water reactor, the ___ is the portion that utilizes nuclear fuel to produce steam.

Reactor core

In a pressurized water reactor, the nuclear reactor consists of a pressure vessel containing the ___, including fuel assemblies and control rods.

Boiling water reactor

In a(n) ___, the steam generated in the reactor is supplied directly to the main turbine and other steam-using accessories or auxiliaries of the various systems.

Solar tower plant

In a(n) ___, the tracking reflectors, or heliostats, surround a tower and focus direct solar radiation at a receiver sitting atop the tower.

True

Individual buildings connected to a district energy system do not have their own boilers or chillers as piping mains deliver the HTF to and from the buildings.

False

Induced draft fans are usually smaller than forced draft fans since the air they draw is usually cooler with less volume than the hot flue gas.

250

Low-temperature hot water systems (LTHWs) are normally below ___°F.

True

Most modern steam generation plants that use coal reheat the steam in a second superheater, a reheater, after it has passed through a portion of the turbine.

False

Secondary exhaust steam does not require a second reheat.

True

Solar water heating technologies may be categorized by the temperature requirements needed for the specific hot water use.

300

The absorber pipe in a parabolic trough system contains an HTF that is heated to between ___°F and 660°F by the reflector.

???

There are ___ types of geothermal power plants.

True

There are two specific areas where geothermal energy can be captured for use, ground source geothermal and deep earth geothermal.

Hog Fuel

Wood scrap can be ground up by a chipper to make ___ and burned in a boiler.

Biomass

___ can be purposely grown energy crops, wood or forest residues, waste from food crops, horticulture or yard waste, food processing waste, animal farming waste, or human waste from sewage plants.

Fuel oil

___ consists primarily of hydrocarbons, hydrogen, and carbon and is produced by distilling crude oil in a refinery.

Coal

___ for firing steam boilers is anthracite or bituminous and fed into a boiler hopper using pulverizers or stokers.

Natural

___ gas is colorless and consists mainly of methane with small quantities of ethylene, hydrogen, and other gases.

Landfill

___ gas is mainly made up of methane gas and carbon dioxide with varying amounts of miscellaneous gases.

Deep earth

___ geothermal energy is energy that utilizes the naturally high temperatures existing about 1 to 3 miles (1.6 to 4.8 km) below the Earth's surface to produce energy.

Biofuel

___ is a substitute for conventional fossil fuel, contains no sulfur, and produces low carbon monoxide and toxic emissions.

Digestor gas

___ is produced by breaking down organic material, such as manure, sewage, municipal waste, plant material, and dedicated energy crops, including grass and corn, in an anaerobic digester.

Municipal solid waste

___ is the trash or garbage from residential and commercial users collected for disposal.

Precipitators

___ scrub fly ash and particles from flue gases by means of electrostatic charging.

Concentrated solar power

___ technology uses mirrors and lenses to reflect solar radiation from a large area onto a smaller target area.

geo-exchange systems

___ utilize shallow piping buried either horizontally or installed in a drilled, vertical configuration to provide heat transfer.