Chapter 11 Bio 109

A nerve impulse moves away from a neuron's cell body along _____. a.) dendrites b.) Nissl bodies c.) synapses d.) axons e.) glia

axons

A neuron's nucleus is located in its _____. a.) cell body b.) axon c.) myelin sheath d.) dendrite e.) synaptic terminals

cell body

Graded potentials __________. a.) occur in a local area of the membrane b.) always depolarize the membrane c.) are permanent changes in the resting potential of a membrane d.) grow stronger as they spread through the cell body

occur in a local area of the membrane

A spinal reflex requires the participation of each of the following, EXCEPT __________. a.) a motor neuron b.) an interneuron c.) the cerebral cortex d.) a sensory neuron

the cerebral cortex

Control of smooth muscle and internal organs is the role of the ________ division of the nervous system? a.) endocrine b.) somatic c.) sensory d.) postsynaptic e.) autonomic

autonomic

The brain and spinal cord make up the __________. a.) parasympathetic nervous system b.) sympathetic nervous system c.) central nervous system d.) sensory nervous system

central nervous system

The central nervous system is enclosed by membranes or meninges called the what? a.) dura mater, alma mater, and pia mater b.) pleura, parietal, and arachnoid c.) fore, mid, and hind meninges d.) glial, Schwann, and interstitial e.) dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid

dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid

What type of neurons are specialized to respond to a certain stimulus such as pressure or light?

sensory neurons

Which one of the following establishes and maintains the resting potential? a.) K+ leak channel b.) repolarization c.) Na+ leak channel d.) sodium-potassium pump e.) depolarization

sodium-potassium pump

Axons branch into axon terminals, which have ________ located at the terminal ends. a.) nodes of Ranvier b.) Schwann cells c.) hillocks d.) bulbs e.) dendrites

bulbs

Which one of the following provides the central nervous system with information about the outside environment? a.) sensory division b.) sympathetic division c.) autonomic division d.) parasympathetic division e.) motor division

sensory division

What part of a neuron relays signals from one neuron to another neuron or to an effector? a.) dendrite b.) axon hillock c.) synaptic terminal d.) axon e.) node of Ranvier

synaptic terminal

What are the two major subdivisions of the nervous system?

The Central Nervous system and The peripheral nervous system

An action potential __________. a.) can travel in both directions down an axon or dendrite b.) is self-propagating c.) is larger in response to larger stimuli d.) travels faster in response to larger stimuli

is self-propagating

What type of cell makes up the myelin sheath of a motor neuron? a.) astrocytes b.) microglial cells c.) Ranvier cells d.) ependymal cells e.) Schwann cells

Schwann cells

An __________ neurotransmitter causes __________ of the postsynaptic membrane. a.) inhibitory; hyperpolarization b.) inhibitory; depolarization c.) excitatory; depolarization d.) both excitatory; depolarization and inhibitory; hyperpolarization are correct

both excitatory; depolarization and inhibitory; hyperpolarization are correct

The three main anatomical and functional divisions of the brain are the what? a.) frontal, parietal, occipital b.) cerebellum, medulla oblongata, pons c.) hypothalamus, thalamus, pituitary d.) ventricles, meninges, nerve tracts e.) forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

Convergence occurs when several presynaptic cells do what? a.) activate the sodium-potassium pump of a Schwann cell b.) form a synapse with a single postsynaptic cell c.) depolarize sequentially d.) depolarize simultaneously e.) form a synapse with multiple postsynaptic cells

form a synapse with a single postsynaptic cell

Which component of the nervous system is divided into the somatic and autonomic divisions? a.) central b.) parasympathetic c.) sensory d.) peripheral e.) motor

motor

What cells provide physical support and protection to neurons, the most numerous cells in the nervous system?

Neuroglial cells

Which one of the following activities would be facilitated by the sympathetic nervous system? a.) decreased heart rate b.) decreased respiratory rate c.) increased digestion and absorption d.) increased bladder contraction e.) increased blood pressure

increased blood pressure

What neuron transmits impulses within the central nervous system? a.) motor neurons b.) interneurons c.) sensory neurons

interneurons

Which of the following is true of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)? a.) it includes a sensory division and a motor division. b.) The motor division carries from the body to the CNS. c.) It consists of the brain and spinal cord. d.) The somatic division controls smooth muscle activity.

it includes a sensory division and a motor division.

Which of the following is characteristic of psychoactive drugs? a.) They alter the speed with which action potentials travel. b.) They can alter the amplitude of action potentials. c.) They do not readily cross the blood-brain barrier. d.) They alter levels of neurotransmitters.

they alter levels of neurotransmitters

What do Motor neurons of the peripheral nervous system do? transmit impulses away from the central nervous system.

they transmit impulses away from the central nervous system.

Which of the following statements correctly characterizes an action potential? a.) Action potentials are more likely to result when the membrane is hyperpolarized. b.) Action potentials are initiated by depolarization of the membrane to threshold. c.) Action potentials reverse the membrane potential so that the interior is negatively charged and the exterior is positively charged. d.) A stronger action potential will travel faster than a weaker action potential.

Action potentials are initiated by depolarization of the membrane to threshold.

What do multiple sclerosis and ALS (amyotropic lateral sclerosis) have in common? a.) They both damage the myelin sheath, slowing action potential transmission. b.) They both impair nerve function in the peripheral nervous system. c.) They both impair the initiation of action potentials. d.) They both are more common in young men than in young women.

They both damage the myelin sheath, slowing action potential transmission.

A ___ is any substance introduced into the body for the purpose of causing a physiological change

drug

What portion of the brain is responsible for basic, automatic and vital tasks?

medulla

Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating the heart and respiratory rates and blood pressure? a.) medulla oblongata b.) thalamus c.) cerebral cortex d.) cerebellum

medulla oblongata

What neuron transmits impulses away from the central nervous system? a.) motor neurons b.) interneurons c.) sensory neurons

motor neurons

Which one of the following cells transmits impulses away from the central nervous system to the muscles and other organs? a.) sensory neurons b.) interneurons c.) motor neurons d.) neuroglia e.) dendrites

motor neurons

An impulse relayed along a myelinated axon "jumps" from _____ to _____. a.) oligodendrocyte ... Schwann cell b.) node of Ranvier ... Schwann cell c.) node of Ranvier ... node of Ranvier d.) Schwann cell ... Schwann cell e.) Schwann cell ... node of Ranvier

node of Ranvier ... node of Ranvier

During synaptic transmission, the influx of ________ causes vesicles in the axon bulb to fuse with the cell membrane, releasing ________. a.) Ca2+, neurotransmitter b.) mitochondrion, neurons c.) neurotransmitters, Ca2+ d.) vesicles, neurons e.) neurons, mitochondrion

Ca2+, neurotransmitter

During a brain surgery, a surgeon passes an instrument through the dura mater. Which one of the following does the surgeon pass through next? a) arachnoid b.) vertebrae c.) bones of the skull d.) cerebrospinal fluid e.) pia mater

arachnoid

Which of the following influence(s) the speed of an action potential? a.) the diameter of the axon b.) the presence of a myelin sheath c.) the extent of depolarization that initiates the action potential d.) both the presence of a myelin sheath and the diameter of the axon

both the presence of a myelin sheath and the diameter of the axon

Which of the following cell types makes up the majority of cells in the nervous system? a.) interneurons b.) motor neurons c.) neuroglial cells d.) sensory neurons

neuroglial cells

Which one of the following divisions of the nervous system predominates during the relaxed state? a.) sensory division b.) somatic division c.) endocrine division d.) parasympathetic division e.) sympathetic division

parasympathetic division

What neuron transmits impulses toward the central nervous system? a.) motor neurons b.) interneurons c.) sensory neurons

sensory neurons

Information coming into the central nervous system arrives via __________, while information going from the central nervous system to the muscles, glands, and organs travels via __________. a.) sensory neurons; interneurons b.) neuroglial cells; motor neurons c.) sensory neurons; motor neurons d.) motor neurons; sensory neurons

sensory neurons; motor neurons

What does the somatic division of the peripheral nervous system control?

skeletal muscles

Oligodendrocytes are similar to Schwann cells in that they? a.) are a type of neuroglial cell b.) are located in the peripheral nervous system c.) are located in the central nervous system d.) help neurons regenerate after injury e.) conduct nerve impulses

are a type of neuroglial cell

People who are intoxicated cannot coordinate their movements or walk a straight line because alcohol disrupts the normal function of which region of the brain? a.) hypothalamus b.) corpus callosum c.) thalamus d.) cerebellum e.) cerebrum

cerebellum

Conscious thought is associated with which one of the following? a.) hypothalamus b.) cerebellum c.) thalamus d.) medulla oblongata e.) cerebral cortex

cerebral cortex

A nerve impulse moves toward a neuron's cell body along _____. a.) dendrites b.) synaptic terminals c.) oligodendrocytes d.) axons e.) nodes of Ranvier

dendrites

Axons insulated by a(n) _____ are able to conduct impulses faster that those not so insulated a.) node of Ranvier b.) synaptic terminal c.) myelin sheath d.) layer of asbestos e.) astrocytes

myelin sheath

White matter of the spinal cord contains __________, whereas gray matter contains __________. a.) meninges; cerebrospinal fluid b.) sympathetic axons; parasympathetic axons c.) myelinated nerves; unmyelinated cell bodies d.) motor neurons; sensory neurons

myelinated nerves; unmyelinated cell bodies

Cells that provide direct protection and physical support to neurons are? a.) myelinated b.) neuroglial cells c.) found primarily in lymphatic fluids d.) located only in the spinal fluid e.) nodes of Ranvier

neuroglial cells

Neurons of the PNS that transmit information to the CNS are __________. a.) motor neurons b.) sympathetic neurons c.) sensory neurons d.) interneurons

sensory neurons

If your heart rate and blood pressure increase in response to a crisis, you are experiencing the immediate effects of the __________ nervous system (NS). a.) parasympathetic b.) reflexive c.) sensory d.) sympathetic

sympathetic

Which of the following would cause an acceleration of heart rate, an increase in blood pressure, and a slowing of digestive processes? a.) sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system b.) motor division of the somatic nervous system c.) parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system d.) sensory branch of the central nervous system

sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system