Chapter 11 Cardiovascular system (A/P)

3) The atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His) is represented by ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E

Label C (need pic)

5) The bundle branches are indicated by ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E

Label D (need pic)

1) The Purkinje fibers are indicated by ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E

Label E (need pic)

19) The heart sounds "lub" and "dup" result from ________. A) opening of the heart valves B) firing of the nodes of the intrinsic conduction system C) blood rushing through the chambers D) closure of heart valves E) contraction of the heart

closure of heart valves

35) What is largest artery in the body? A) brachiocephalic artery B) pulmonary trunk C) aorta D) common carotid artery

aorta

30) Which of these pathways correctly traces blood as it travels from the aortic arch to the left arm? A) aortic arch, brachiocephalic trunk, right common carotid artery B) aortic arch, left common carotid artery, left internal carotid artery C) aortic arch, left subclavian artery, left axillary artery, left brachial artery D) ascending aorta, right coronary arteries E) abdominal aorta, celiac trunk, left gastric artery

aortic arch, left subclavian artery, left axillary artery, left brachial artery

true or false The semilunar valves prevent the backflow of blood into the atria when the ventricles are contracting.

false

37) Which fetal shunt bypasses the lungs by directly connecting the right atrium and the left atrium? A) ligamentum arteriosum B) umbilical vein C) foramen ovale D) ductus arteriosus E) ductus venosus

foramen ovale

6) The layer of the heart wall that receives the stimulus from letter E is called the ________. A) pericardium B) epicardium C) endocardium D) myocardium

myocardium (need pic?)

44) The alternating expansion and recoil of an artery that occurs with each beat of the left ventricle creates a pressure wave known as a ________. A) cardiac output B) pulse C) pressure point D) stroke volume

pulse

42) Which of the following hormones promotes sodium ion (and water) reabsorption by the kidney in order to increase blood pressure and blood volume? A) glucagon B) thyroxine C) epinephrine D) aldosterone E) antidiuretic hormone

aldosterone

13) The transportation of blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart is known as ________ circulation. A) systemic B) cardiac C) pulmonary D) coronary

pulmonary

11) Which valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle? A) pulmonary semilunar valve B) tricuspid valve C) bicuspid (mitral) valve D) aortic semilunar valve

tricuspid valve

39) Which of the following vessels has the lowest blood pressure? A) veins B) capillaries C) venae cavae D) arteries E) arterioles

venae cavae

25) During atrial diastole, blood flows from the atria to the ________. A) ventricles B) lungs C) aorta D) pulmonary trunk

ventricles

21) The length of the cardiac cycle is normally ________ second(s) in length. A) 2 B) 4 C) 0.8 D) 0.3

0.8

36) What does the umbilical vein carry? A) metabolic wastes and carbon dioxide from the fetus to the placenta B) metabolic wastes and carbon dioxide from the placenta to the fetus C) oxygen and nutrients from the fetus to the placenta D) oxygen and nutrients from the placenta to the fetus E) blood from the navel into the inferior vena cava

oxygen and nutrients from the placenta to the fetus

true or false The chordae tendineae anchor the semilunar valves to the walls of the ventricles.

false

42) The flaplike opening in the interatrial septum of the fetus through which blood is shunted directly from the right atrium to the left atrium is the ________. A) ductus arteriosus B) ligamentum arteriosum C) ductus venosus D) foramen ovale

foramen ovale

2) The sinoatrial (SA) node is indicated by ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E

Label A (need Pic)

22) Which wave on the electrocardiogram (ECG) results from the firing of the sinoatrial (SA) node? A) QRS B) T C) P D) S-T

P

43) Which of the following is NOT a method or pathway of movement for substances traveling across a capillary wall? A) diffusion through intercellular clefts B) direct diffusion through the plasma membrane C) transport via vesicles by endocytosis or exocytosis D) active transport using proteins and ATP E) diffusion through the pores of fenestrated capillaries

active transport using proteins and ATP

47) Fluid tends to be forced out of a capillary bed by ________ while ________ tends to draw fluid into the capillary bed. A) systolic pressure; diastolic pressure B) blood pressure; osmotic pressure C) osmotic pressure; diastolic pressure D) osmotic pressure; blood pressure Answer: B

blood pressure; diastolic pressure

32) Which vein returns blood to the superior vena cava? A) brachiocephalic vein B) renal vein C) hepatic portal vein D) common iliac vein E) great saphenous vein

brachiocephalic vein

true or false Blood is returned to the right side of the heart from the lungs.

false

38) Which one of the following areas is NOT a pressure point? A) renal artery B) radial artery C) facial artery D) dorsalis pedis artery E) posterior tibial artery

renal artery

13) The sinoatrial (SA) node is located in the ________. A) aorta B) right atrium C) left atrium D) right ventricle E) interventricular septum

right atrium

8) The tricuspid valve is located between the ________. A) right atrium and left atrium B) right atrium and right ventricle C) left ventricle and pulmonary artery D) left ventricle and aorta E) right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk

right atrium and right ventricle

28) Which one of the following does NOT receive blood directly from the aortic arch? A) brachiocephalic artery B) left subclavian artery C) left common carotid artery D) right common carotid artery E) thoracic aorta

right common carotid artery

30) Our vessels lose elasticity as we age, as happens in arteriosclerosis. Which vessel layer is affected? A) tunica intima B) tunica externa C) tunica media D) tunica adventitia

tunica media

32) What drains capillary beds? A) venules B) venae cavae C) arterioles D) arteries

venules

4) The atrioventricular (AV) node is indicated by ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D E) Label E

Label B (need pic)

25) Which type of vessel is constructed only from tunica intima? A) arteries B) arterioles C) capillaries D) veins E) venules

capillaries

29) Which of the following arteries is the first branch of the abdominal aorta? A) splenic artery B) superior mesenteric artery C) celiac trunk D) femoral artery E) hepatic artery

celiac trunk

15) Oxygenated blood nourishing the myocardium comes from vessels that branch off the aorta called ________. A) pulmonary arteries B) pulmonary veins C) coronary arteries D) venae cavae

coronary arteries

15) Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood from cardiac circulation to the right atrium of the heart? A) coronary sulcus B) coronary artery C) coronary sinus D) circumflex artery E) pulmonary vein

coronary sinus

18) Which of the following is NOT a major branch of the coronary arteries? A) coronary sinus B) marginal artery C) circumflex artery D) anterior interventricular artery

coronary sinus

35) The brachial vein ________. A) drains blood from the radial and ulnar veins, then empties that blood into the axillary vein B) drains blood from the internal jugular vein, then empties that blood into the superior vena cava C) drains blood from the popliteal vein, then empties that blood into the external iliac vein D) drains blood from the axillary vein, then empties that blood into the superior vena cava E) drains blood from the popliteal vein, then empties that blood into the femoral vein

drains blood from the radial and ulnar veins, then empties that blood into the axillary vein

18) Cardiac output is the product of which two variables? A) heart rate and blood pressure B) heart rate and stroke volume C) contraction and relaxation D) diastole and systole E) blood pressure and peripheral resistance

heart rate and stroke volume

28) The vagus nerve operates under the control of the parasympathetic nervous system and causes the ________. A) heart rate to decrease B) heart rate to increase, then decrease C) heart rate to increase D) blood pressure to increase

heart rate to decrease

39) The single vessel that drains blood from the digestive tract organs to the liver is the ________. A) hepatic vein B) hepatic portal vein C) renal vein D) inferior vena cava

hepatic portal vein

40) Which vessel feeds oxygenated blood into the cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) of the brain? A) external carotid artery B) internal carotid artery C) external iliac artery D) subclavian artery

internal carotid artery

7) The partition where the bundle branches are located is called the ________. A) left atrioventricular groove B) interatrial septum C) interventricular septum D) right atrioventricular groove

interventricular septum

16) The walls of the ________ are substantially thicker because that chamber acts as the more powerful systemic pump of the heart. A) left atrium B) left ventricle C) right atrium D) right ventricle

left ventricle

34) What organ receives blood from the hepatic portal vein? A) liver B) kidney C) pancreas D) large intestine E) brain

liver

1) The heart is situated within the medial section of the thoracic cavity known as the ________. A) mediastinum B) hiatus C) pleural cavity D) hilus E) diaphragm

mediastinum

9) What is the muscular layer of the heart wall? A) epicardium B) myocardium C) fibrous pericardium D) endocardium

myocardium

31) The external carotid artery serves the skin and muscles of the head and ________. A) armpit B) groin C) neck D) abdomen E) leg

neck

10) Which one of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood? A) superior vena cava B) inferior vena cava C) coronary sinus D) pulmonary artery E) pulmonary vein

pulmonary vein

4) Which vessels return oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart? A) pulmonary arteries B) superior vena cava C) aorta D) pulmonary veins E) inferior vena cava

pulmonary veins

38) Veins draining the head and arms empty into the ________, which carries blood to the right atrium of the heart. A) superior vena cava B) inferior vena cava C) common iliac vein D) great saphenous vein

superior vena cava

24) Which term means heart contraction? A) diastole B) tachycardia C) systole D) fibrillation

systole

45) Coronary artery disease results from ________. A) persistent parasympathetic nervous system stimulation of the heart B) the accumulation of fatty, calcified deposits within blood vessels C) temporary loss of oxygen to the heart D) incompetent venous valves E) scar tissue in the myocardium of the heart from repeated myocardial infarctions

the accumulation of fatty, calcified deposits within blood vessels

true or false During ventricular systole, blood is ejected from the ventricles through the large arteries connected to the heart.

true

true or false The functional blood supply that oxygenates the myocardium is provided by the right and left coronary arteries

true

41) Which of the following promotes vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure? A) sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system B) cold C) alcohol D) epinephrine E) angiotensin II

alcohol

12) Which blood vessels are direct branches of the left coronary artery? A) circumflex and marginal arteries B) anterior and posterior interventricular arteries C) anterior interventricular and marginal arteries D) anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries E) posterior interventricular and marginal arteries

anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries

12) Blood leaves the left ventricle through an artery known as the ________. A) pulmonary trunk B) aorta C) superior vena cava D) coronary sinus

aorta

7) An incompetent aortic semilunar valve would allow blood to backflow from the ________. A) right ventricle to the right atrium B) left ventricle to the left atrium C) aorta to the left ventricle D) aorta to the left atrium E) pulmonary trunk to the left ventricle

aorta to the left ventricle

11) Which valve guards the base of the aorta and opens when the ventricles are contracting? A) mitral valve B) aortic semilunar valve C) bicuspid valve D) pulmonary semilunar valve E) tricuspid valve

aortic semilunar valve

17) Which valve is closed during heart relaxation to prevent blood from backflowing from the aorta into the heart? A) bicuspid (mitral) valve B) tricuspid valve C) pulmonary semilunar valve D) aortic semilunar valve

aortic semilunar valve

8) The pointed, inferior portion of the heart, known as the ________, rests on the diaphragm and is oriented toward the left hip. A) base B) mediastinum C) apex D) pericardium

apex

29) What large blood vessels carry blood away from the heart? A) arteries B) capillaries C) veins D) venae cavae

arteries

21) The path of blood flow within the systemic vascular system is ________. A) arterioles, arteries, capillary beds, venules, veins B) arterioles, arteries, capillary beds, veins, venules C) arterioles, arteries, venules, veins, capillary beds D) arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, veins, venules E) arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, venules, veins

arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, venules, veins

10) The two superior receiving chambers of the heart are known as the ________, while the two inferior discharging chambers of the heart are known as the ________. A) ventricles; atria B) atria; ventricles C) arteries; veins D) veins; arteries

atria; ventricles

9) The atrioventricular valves are closed when ________. A) atrial pressure is greater than ventricular pressure B) the atria contract C) the ventricles fill with blood D) atrial pressure is less than ventricular pressure E) atrial systole occurs

atrial pressure is less than ventricular pressure

23) The first heart sound, "lub," is caused by the closure of the ________ valves. A) semilunar B) pulmonary C) atrioventricular (AV) D) aortic

atrioventricular (AV)

44) Substances tend to leave the bloodstream at the arterial end of the capillary because ________. A) osmotic pressure is higher than blood pressure at the arterial end of the capillary B) osmotic pressure is higher than blood pressure at the venule end of the capillary C) blood pressure is higher than osmotic pressure at the arterial end of the capillary D) blood pressure is higher than osmotic pressure at the venule end of the capillary E) interstitial pressure is higher than osmotic pressure at the arterial end of the capillary

blood pressure is higher than osmotic pressure at the arterial end of the capillary

5) Pulmonary arteries transport ________. A) oxygenated blood to the lungs B) blood rich in carbon dioxide to the lungs C) oxygenated blood to the heart D) oxygenated blood directly to the aorta E) blood rich in carbon dioxide to the right atrium of the heart

blood rich in carbon dioxide to the lungs

14) What are the tiny white cords that anchor the cusps or flaps of endocardium to the walls of the ventricles? A) chordae tendineae B) ligamentum arteriosum C) ductus venosus D) myocardium

chordae tendineae

19) The coronary veins empty blood from the myocardium into a large vein on the posterior side of the heart known as the ________. A) pulmonary vein B) inferior vena cava C) superior vena cava D) coronary sinus

coronary sinus

2) The layer of the heart wall synonymous with the visceral layer of the serous pericardium is ________. A) myocardium B) endocardium C) epicardium D) parietal layer of the serous pericardium E) either endocardium or epicardium

epicardium

23) Which of the following increases heart rate? A) low levels of calcium B) parasympathetic nervous system stimulation C) vagus nerve stimulation D) cold E) epinephrine

epinephrine

37) What does each femoral vein become as it enters the pelvis? A) external iliac vein B) great saphenous vein C) internal iliac vein D) anterior tibial vein

external iliac vein

true or false The heart sounds, "lub" and "dup," occur when the atria contract and subsequently when the ventricles contract.

false

46) Sustained elevated arterial blood pressure above 140/90 mm Hg is a condition known as ________. A) hypertension (high blood pressure) B) orthostatic hypotension C) circulatory shock D) myocardial infarction

hypertension (high blood pressure)

16) All four heart valves are briefly closed as pressure begins to rise in the ventricles, a phase known as ________. A) atrial systole B) isovolumetric contraction C) ventricular systole D) ventricular diastole E) atrial diastole

isovolumeteric contraction

36) What organs are served by the renal arteries and veins? A) ovaries B) kidneys C) testes D) lungs

kidneys

3) Pulmonary circulation involves blood flow to and from the heart and the ________. A) body B) digestive organs C) skin D) lungs E) brain

lungs

34) What is the flow of blood through a capillary bed called? A) pulmonary circulation B) hepatic portal circulation C) systemic circulation D) microcirculation

microcirculation

24) Veins ________. A) carry blood away from the heart B) branch into smaller vessels called arterioles C) transport oxygen-rich blood D) operate under high pressure E) often have valves to prevent the backflow of blood

often have valves to prevent the backflow of blood

43) Due to the presence of plasma proteins, what pressure draws fluids into capillaries? A) blood pressure B) systolic pressure C) osmotic pressure D) diastolic pressure

osmotic pressure

40) The friction blood encounters as it flows through the vessels is called ________. A) cardiac output B) stroke volume C) peripheral resistance D) blood pressure E) diastolic pressure

peripheral resistance

33) Which vein returns blood to the femoral vein? A) popliteal vein B) common iliac vein C) superior vena cava D) hepatic portal vein E) external iliac vein

popliteal vein

31) Arteries are normally depicted as red while veins are colored blue due to the oxygenation of the blood being transported by each type of vessel. The exceptions to this rule are the ________ arteries and veins. A) systemic B) hepatic C) coronary D) pulmonary

pulmonary

27) Which of the following blood vessels is a direct branch of the ascending aorta? A) right subclavian artery B) left internal carotid artery C) right pulmonary artery D) left brachiocephalic artery E) right and left coronary arteries

right and left coronary arteries

true or false The sinoatrial (SA) node is the pacemaker of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart.

true

true or false 1) The heart is enclosed by three membranes: an outer fibrous layer and an inner serous membrane pair.

true

26) The correct sequence of layers of a typical blood vessel, from superficial to deep, are ________. A) tunica media, tunica intima, tunica externa B) tunica media, tunica externa, tunica intima C) tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima D) tunica externa, tunica intima, tunica media E) tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa

tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima

41) The vessel that carries oxygenated and nutrient-rich blood to the fetus is the ________. A) hepatic portal vein B) umbilical vein C) ductus arteriosus D) umbilical artery

umbilical vein

33) Large veins have ________ to prevent the backflow of blood. A) tunics B) sphincters C) valves D) shunts

valves

45) What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the diameter of blood vessels? A) vasodilation B) no effect C) vasoconstriction D) vasodilation, then vasoconstriction

vasoconstriction

17) The mitral valve is normally closed ________. A) when the ventricle is in diastole B) when the ventricle is in systole C) when the atrium is contracting D) by the movement of blood from the atrium to the ventricle E) when the ventricle is relaxed

when the ventricle is in diastole

26) The normal resting heart rate is about ________ times per minute. A) 35 B) 50 C) 75 D) 105

75

6) What structure divides the left ventricle from the right ventricle? A) interventricular septum B) interatrial septum C) bicuspid valve D) tricuspid valve E) chordae tendineae

interventicular septum

14) Which one of the following represents the correct path for the transmission of an impulse in the intrinsic conduction system of the heart? A) atrioventricular (AV) node, sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers B) atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), sinoatrial (SA) node, Purkinje fibers, right and left bundle branches C) sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), atrioventricular (AV) node, Purkinje fibers, right and left bundle branches D) sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), atrioventricular (AV) node, right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers E) sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers

sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His), right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers

22) You notice a missing P wave on a patient's electrocardiogram (ECG) and believe there is a problem with the ________. A) atrioventricular (AV) node B) Purkinje fibers C) left bundle branch D) atrioventricular (AV) bundle E) sinoatrial (SA) node

sinoatrial node

20) Which of the following is often called the pacemaker of the heart? A) Purkinje fibers B) sinoatrial (SA) node C) atrioventricular (AV) bundle (bundle of His) D) atrioventricular (AV) node

sinolatrial node

20) The volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle with each beat of the heart is called the ________. A) cardiac output B) cardiac cycle C) stroke volume D) heart rate E) diastolic pressure

stroke volume

27) What is the volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle with each heart beat? A) heart rate (HR) B) stroke volume (SV) C) cardiac output (CO) D) blood pressure (BP)

stroke volume (SV)