Chapter 11: Digestive System Diseases and Disorders
DEFINE TERMS: Jejunum
2nd part of small intestine
TRUE/FALSE: A low-fiber diet is essential for good GI function
F
TRUE/FALSE: A strep throat is best diagnosed by inspection
F
TRUE/FALSE: Chewing and swallowing very rapidly is a good strategy to prevent bloated feelings after eating
F
TRUE/FALSE: Colon cancer is most common before age 40
F
TRUE/FALSE: Antibiotics should be taken as prescribed until all capsules are gone
T
TRUE/FALSE: Continued use of laxative preparations can disrupt normal GI function
T
TRUE/FALSE: Good hand washing is a preventive strategy for avoiding poisoning
T
TRUE/FALSE: Kudzu root has been used in chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of several GI disorders
T
TRUE/FALSE: More microorganisms ingested are destroyed by acid in the stomach
T
TRUE/FALSE: The tongue can tell a great deal about the health of a person
T
SHORT ANSWER: What are the purposes of the digestive system? (2)
a. change foods into smaller substances b. eliminate waste products
DEFINE TERMS: Epigastric
above stomach
DEFINE TERMS: Ileus
absence of peristalsis
COMPLETION: The absence of HCL is called __________
achlorhydria
DEFINE TERMS: Perforation
an abnormal opening in a tissue or an organ
COMPLETION: Absence of symptoms is also known as __________
asymptomatic
ID DIAGNOSTIC TESTS: Upper GI Series
barium swallow, allowing visualization of esophagus
DEFINE TERMS: Hematochezia
bright red blood in feces
COMPLETION: The first section of the colon is called the ___________
cecum
SHORT ANSWER: List some effects of aging on the gastrointestinal system
changes in lining of the stomach, decreased circulation, esophagus motility decreases, loss of teeth
COMPLETION: The condition caused by hard, dry stool is called __________
constipation
DEFINE TERMS: Peristalsis
contraction of muscles along the gastrointestinal tract to move food
COMPLETION: Inflammatory bowel syndrome is also called _________ ________
crohn's disease
COMPLETION: Loose, watery stools are called ____________
diarrhea
DEFINE TERMS: Diarrhea
disorder characterized by frequent watery stools
COMPLETION: The inflammation of the diverticula is called _____________
diverticulitis
COMPLETION: The three sections of the small intestine are the __________, __________, and ___________ .
duodenum jejunum ileum
COMPLETION: The procedure allowing a physician to look directly into the digestive organs is called ___________
endoscopy
COMPLETION: ___________ __________ are enlargements of the veins of the esophagus
esophageal varices
DEFINE ABBREVIATIONS: EGD
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
ID DIAGNOSTIC TESTS: Ova and Parasites
exam of stool specimen for presence of adult parasites or eggs (ova)
ID DIAGNOSTIC TESTS: Stool Culture
feces is examined to identify bacteria
COMPLETION: The three parts of the stomach are the ____________, ___________, and ___________
fundus body pylorus
COMPLETION: Inflammation of the stomach is called _________
gastritis
DEFINE ABBREVIATIONS: GI
gastrointestinal
DEFINE TERMS: Malaise
general ill feeling
COMPLETION: Inflammation of the gums is called __________
gingivitis
DEFINE TERMS: Defecate
having a bowel movement
SHORT ANSWER: What are the most common signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders? (3)
hemorrhage, perforation, altered motility
COMPLETION: Varicose veins of the rectum are called _________
hemorrhoids
COMPLETION: A __________ ___________ is the sliding of part of the stomach into the chest cavity
hiatal hernia
DEFINE TERMS: Occult
hidden blood
COMPLETION: Absence of peristalsis is called __________
ileus
DEFINE TERMS: Appendicitis
inflammation of the appendix
DEFINE TERMS: Gingivitis
inflammation of the gums
DEFINE TERMS: Peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
DEFINE TERMS: Gastroenteritis
inflammation of the stomach and intestine
DEFINE TERMS: Reflux Esophagitis
inflammation of tissue at the lower end of the esophagus
DEFINE ABBREVIATIONS: IBD
inflammatory bowel disease
DEFINE ABBREVIATIONS: IBS
inflammatory bowel syndrome
COMPLETION: The substance necessary for the absorption of vitamin B is called the ________ _________
intrinsic factor
DEFINE TERMS: Diverticula
little pouches
ID DIAGNOSTIC TESTS: Barium Enema
lower GI series, visualization of large intestine
COMPLETION: ________ is dark, tarry stools
melena
SHORT ANSWER: Trace a piece of food from the mouth to the anus
mouth --> pharynx --> esophagus --> small intestine --> large intestine --> anus
DEFINE TERMS: Achlorhydria
no HCL
DEFINE TERMS: Asymptomatic
no symptoms
DEFINE ABBREVIATIONS: NPO
non per os - nothing by mouth
DEFINE TERMS: Inguinal Hernia
outpouching of the small intestine and peritoneum into the groin area
DEFINE ABBREVIATIONS: O & P
ova and parasite
DEFINE TERMS: Adhesions
parts of tissue that cling to the surface of adjoining organs as scar tissue
COMPLETION: The main reason for tooth loss is __________ __________
periodontal disease
COMPLETION: Movement of food from the pharynx to the stomach is called __________
peristalsis
COMPLETION: _________ __________ is the result of the loss of intrinsic factor
pernicious anemia
SHORT ANSWER: List some causes of constipation
poor dietary & elimination habits, avoiding urge to defecate
COMPLETION: The backflow of stomach acids through the cardiac sphincter upward into the esophagus is called ________ ____________
reflux esophagitis
ID DIAGNOSTIC TESTS: Biopsy
removal of tissue for microscopic examination
COMPLETION: The common name for pharyngitis is _________ _________
sore throat
COMPLETION: The condition that causes an individual to be sensitive to gluten proteins is called ________ or __________ ___________
sprue or celiac disease
COMPLETION: When part of the intestine is herniated and becomes twisted, thus cutting off the blood supply to the organ, this is called a ____________
strangulation
DEFINE TERMS: Exacerbation
symptoms flare up or become worse
DEFINE TERMS: Melena
tarry, dark stools
ID DIAGNOSTIC TESTS: Occult Blood
tests for hidden blood
DEFINE TERMS: Hemorrhoids
varicose veins in the rectum
ID DIAGNOSTIC TESTS: Colonoscopy
viewing of colon w/ scope
ID DIAGNOSTIC TESTS: Sigmoidoscopy
viewing of sigmoid colon w/ scope
ID DIAGNOSTIC TESTS: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
visual exam of entire GI area
ID DIAGNOSTIC TESTS: Gastroscopy
visual exam of inside of the stomach
DEFINE TERMS: Hematemesis
vomiting blood
DEFINE TERMS: Vermiform
worm like