Chapter 11: Digestive System Diseases and Disorders

DEFINE TERMS: Jejunum

2nd part of small intestine

TRUE/FALSE: A low-fiber diet is essential for good GI function

F

TRUE/FALSE: A strep throat is best diagnosed by inspection

F

TRUE/FALSE: Chewing and swallowing very rapidly is a good strategy to prevent bloated feelings after eating

F

TRUE/FALSE: Colon cancer is most common before age 40

F

TRUE/FALSE: Antibiotics should be taken as prescribed until all capsules are gone

T

TRUE/FALSE: Continued use of laxative preparations can disrupt normal GI function

T

TRUE/FALSE: Good hand washing is a preventive strategy for avoiding poisoning

T

TRUE/FALSE: Kudzu root has been used in chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of several GI disorders

T

TRUE/FALSE: More microorganisms ingested are destroyed by acid in the stomach

T

TRUE/FALSE: The tongue can tell a great deal about the health of a person

T

SHORT ANSWER: What are the purposes of the digestive system? (2)

a. change foods into smaller substances b. eliminate waste products

DEFINE TERMS: Epigastric

above stomach

DEFINE TERMS: Ileus

absence of peristalsis

COMPLETION: The absence of HCL is called __________

achlorhydria

DEFINE TERMS: Perforation

an abnormal opening in a tissue or an organ

COMPLETION: Absence of symptoms is also known as __________

asymptomatic

ID DIAGNOSTIC TESTS: Upper GI Series

barium swallow, allowing visualization of esophagus

DEFINE TERMS: Hematochezia

bright red blood in feces

COMPLETION: The first section of the colon is called the ___________

cecum

SHORT ANSWER: List some effects of aging on the gastrointestinal system

changes in lining of the stomach, decreased circulation, esophagus motility decreases, loss of teeth

COMPLETION: The condition caused by hard, dry stool is called __________

constipation

DEFINE TERMS: Peristalsis

contraction of muscles along the gastrointestinal tract to move food

COMPLETION: Inflammatory bowel syndrome is also called _________ ________

crohn's disease

COMPLETION: Loose, watery stools are called ____________

diarrhea

DEFINE TERMS: Diarrhea

disorder characterized by frequent watery stools

COMPLETION: The inflammation of the diverticula is called _____________

diverticulitis

COMPLETION: The three sections of the small intestine are the __________, __________, and ___________ .

duodenum jejunum ileum

COMPLETION: The procedure allowing a physician to look directly into the digestive organs is called ___________

endoscopy

COMPLETION: ___________ __________ are enlargements of the veins of the esophagus

esophageal varices

DEFINE ABBREVIATIONS: EGD

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

ID DIAGNOSTIC TESTS: Ova and Parasites

exam of stool specimen for presence of adult parasites or eggs (ova)

ID DIAGNOSTIC TESTS: Stool Culture

feces is examined to identify bacteria

COMPLETION: The three parts of the stomach are the ____________, ___________, and ___________

fundus body pylorus

COMPLETION: Inflammation of the stomach is called _________

gastritis

DEFINE ABBREVIATIONS: GI

gastrointestinal

DEFINE TERMS: Malaise

general ill feeling

COMPLETION: Inflammation of the gums is called __________

gingivitis

DEFINE TERMS: Defecate

having a bowel movement

SHORT ANSWER: What are the most common signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders? (3)

hemorrhage, perforation, altered motility

COMPLETION: Varicose veins of the rectum are called _________

hemorrhoids

COMPLETION: A __________ ___________ is the sliding of part of the stomach into the chest cavity

hiatal hernia

DEFINE TERMS: Occult

hidden blood

COMPLETION: Absence of peristalsis is called __________

ileus

DEFINE TERMS: Appendicitis

inflammation of the appendix

DEFINE TERMS: Gingivitis

inflammation of the gums

DEFINE TERMS: Peritonitis

inflammation of the peritoneum

DEFINE TERMS: Gastroenteritis

inflammation of the stomach and intestine

DEFINE TERMS: Reflux Esophagitis

inflammation of tissue at the lower end of the esophagus

DEFINE ABBREVIATIONS: IBD

inflammatory bowel disease

DEFINE ABBREVIATIONS: IBS

inflammatory bowel syndrome

COMPLETION: The substance necessary for the absorption of vitamin B is called the ________ _________

intrinsic factor

DEFINE TERMS: Diverticula

little pouches

ID DIAGNOSTIC TESTS: Barium Enema

lower GI series, visualization of large intestine

COMPLETION: ________ is dark, tarry stools

melena

SHORT ANSWER: Trace a piece of food from the mouth to the anus

mouth --> pharynx --> esophagus --> small intestine --> large intestine --> anus

DEFINE TERMS: Achlorhydria

no HCL

DEFINE TERMS: Asymptomatic

no symptoms

DEFINE ABBREVIATIONS: NPO

non per os - nothing by mouth

DEFINE TERMS: Inguinal Hernia

outpouching of the small intestine and peritoneum into the groin area

DEFINE ABBREVIATIONS: O & P

ova and parasite

DEFINE TERMS: Adhesions

parts of tissue that cling to the surface of adjoining organs as scar tissue

COMPLETION: The main reason for tooth loss is __________ __________

periodontal disease

COMPLETION: Movement of food from the pharynx to the stomach is called __________

peristalsis

COMPLETION: _________ __________ is the result of the loss of intrinsic factor

pernicious anemia

SHORT ANSWER: List some causes of constipation

poor dietary & elimination habits, avoiding urge to defecate

COMPLETION: The backflow of stomach acids through the cardiac sphincter upward into the esophagus is called ________ ____________

reflux esophagitis

ID DIAGNOSTIC TESTS: Biopsy

removal of tissue for microscopic examination

COMPLETION: The common name for pharyngitis is _________ _________

sore throat

COMPLETION: The condition that causes an individual to be sensitive to gluten proteins is called ________ or __________ ___________

sprue or celiac disease

COMPLETION: When part of the intestine is herniated and becomes twisted, thus cutting off the blood supply to the organ, this is called a ____________

strangulation

DEFINE TERMS: Exacerbation

symptoms flare up or become worse

DEFINE TERMS: Melena

tarry, dark stools

ID DIAGNOSTIC TESTS: Occult Blood

tests for hidden blood

DEFINE TERMS: Hemorrhoids

varicose veins in the rectum

ID DIAGNOSTIC TESTS: Colonoscopy

viewing of colon w/ scope

ID DIAGNOSTIC TESTS: Sigmoidoscopy

viewing of sigmoid colon w/ scope

ID DIAGNOSTIC TESTS: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

visual exam of entire GI area

ID DIAGNOSTIC TESTS: Gastroscopy

visual exam of inside of the stomach

DEFINE TERMS: Hematemesis

vomiting blood

DEFINE TERMS: Vermiform

worm like