Chapter 11: Growth and Development: Infancy Through Adolescence

During the first trimester of pregnancy, the most important teaching a nurse can provide the expectant mother is:

acquiring adequate prenatal care.

The school nurse reminds the eighth grade boys' physical education classes to make time for warm-up exercises and stretching before strenuous physical activity because:

bones are growing faster than muscles and tendons and may result in injury.

The nurse advises the young mother that most pediatricians recommend feeding newborns using _____.

breast milk

An 11-year-old who obeys all the rules set down by the teacher to avoid guilt or disapproval is acting out Kohlberg's theory of:

conventional reasoning.

When a 3-year-old toddler repeatedly tries to reach some cookies on top of a counter and then, after several failures to do so, drags a chair over to the counter and climbs on the chair to get the cookies, she is exhibiting:

adaptation as described by Piaget.

A group of fifth grade boys play together at school and after school are seen in each other's company. The school nurse is aware that this sort of group is representative of Freud's:

latency stage.

The nurse reminds parents that social competence can be recognized in their child if the child:

learns to cope with minor stressors.

An anxious father to be tells the nurse that his wife's due date was 5 days ago and there are still no signs of labor. The nurse's most helpful response would be:

"Any time 2 weeks on either side of the due date is considered normal."

A 15-year-old girl reports to the school nurse that she feels she does not fit in and feels near tears all the time. She states her grades are declining. The nurse's best approach to this situation would be:

"I think I better refer you to the school psychologist to help you."

The nurse instructs the mother of an infant about infant safety factors. The nurse would assess the need for further instruction if the caregiver states:

"I will place my infant on her stomach for sleep."

A distressed mother confides in the school nurse that she witnessed her 15-year-old son and a 15-year-old friend masturbating in her son's bedroom. The nurse's best response would be:

"Many kids have a homosexual encounter, but it does not mean they are homosexual."

A mother of an 11-month-old is concerned about her baby not walking and states that his older brother was walking at 10 months. The nurse's response, based on knowledge of normal development, should be:

"The rate of development can be very different from one child to another, even among brothers and sisters."

A woman who has just given birth expresses concern about the cheesy, waxy substance that is covering her neonate. The nurse accurately responds:

"This is a normal finding and is called vernix caseosa."

Based on the theory of Erikson, the nurse advises that the best discipline for an adolescent would be to:

"ground" him and deprive him of contact with friends.

As a nurse working in an adolescent mental health clinic, sees many young people struggle with sexual orientation issues. Which of the following is true according to the 2013 National Health Interview Survey?

0.7% of the population is bisexual.

The sperm and ovum each contain __________ unpaired chromosomes.

23

A parent asks how long she should enforce a "time-out" for her 4-year-old, who frequently hits her younger brother and takes his toys. The nurse recommends:

4 minutes.

A woman in her first trimester of pregnancy asks the nurse how much weight she can expect to gain by the time of EDD (estimated delivery date). The nurse correctly responds approximately by informing her:

35 to 40 pounds.

The nurse instructs the caregiver of a newborn that newborns should double their birth weight by:

5 to 6 months.

The nurse encourages the parent to allow the toddler to dress himself and feed himself and make simple choices about clothing or food in order to follow the theory of:

Erik Erikson.

A person who demonstrates the ability to logically manipulate abstract and unobservable concepts is in which stage of Jean Piaget's cognitive development theory?

Formal operations

The nurse recognizes that the parenting style in which a parent is firm, in control, and has a warm encouraging relationship with the child is:

authoritative.

When the clinic nurse speaks to the 3-year-old child and says, "You can get dressed now and put your shirt and pants back on," she is promoting his sense of:

autonomy.

The nurse explains that babies can lift their heads before they can lift their chests, control their shoulders before they control their arms and fingers, sit before they stand, and crawl before they walk. This is a result of ______________ development.

cephalocaudal

The nurse emphasizes the influences that help maintain a healthy pregnancy, which are:

early prenatal care. health of the mother. mother's age. emotional stress.

A nurse assessing a 13-year-old girl observes that she has begun her menstruation cycle. The nurse is aware the hormone responsible for this change is:

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

The school nurse suspects a 14-year-old of having anorexia nervosa because the nurse has observed that the adolescent:

is doing excessive rigorous exercises.

The nurse instructs the parents that emotional intelligence can be supported in a child by the parents:

talking to the child about his or her feelings.

The school nurse is teaching parents of fifth graders (10 year olds) about the physical changes of puberty that they can expect in their children, such as:

there will be children in different stages of puberty throughout the next several years.

The anxious father to be asks the nurse when the sex of the fetus can be determined. The nurse's answer is based on the knowledge that the external genitalia appear in the:

third month.

The home health nurse reminds parents that dental care for a child should begin:

with tooth brushing and flossing of the first teeth by a parent or caregiver.

A 4-year-old child tells other children that last night he flew to the moon and walked around with his friend Sam. He says that he is the only one who can see Sam. The nurse should:

recognize that imaginary friends and fantasy are normal at this age.

The nurse would anticipate that the child who prefers onlooker play would be:

1 year old.

A nurse teaches a woman who is considering pregnancy that her intake of folic acid to help prevent congenital abnormalities should be:

400 mcg/day.

The nurse is assessing 6-month-old infant. The infant was born at 38 weeks gestation, weighed 4 pounds at birth, and was 18 inches long. Which of the following statements by the mother indicates that further parental education is needed?

My baby is considered a small for date baby.

A school nurse is planning an education course for high school students on the effects of early sexual activity. Which of the following topical points, from the CDC would she include?

Adolescent students may have difficulty with the emotional aspects of sexual activity.

When the nurse makes a loud noise near the infant, the infant reacts by arching his back and assuming a typical posture with flexion and adduction of the extremities, and his fingers fan initially. This is called the:

Moro reflex.

A middle school female student is evaluated for depression. During the assessment, it was evident that she was a victim of cyberbullying. According to The Cyberbullying Research Center, which of the following will promote a positive outcome for this patient?

She has a group of loving, supportive adults in her family.

The pediatric nurse identifies egocentrism in:

a 2-year-old who hits playmates and takes all the toys.

The nurse tells a parent of adolescents that teenage pregnancies, although on the decline, often result in the baby having:

a low birth weight.

A new parent with her first child tells the nurse that her mother has advised her to feed the baby on a schedule and let the baby cry between feedings so that he does not get spoiled. Based on Erikson's growth and development theory, the nurse's most informative response would be:

a sense of trust is developed in infancy when a child's needs are met by warm, loving people.

The risk for poisoning is most likely in a situation in which:

a toddler is staying with his grandparents for a week while his mother is in the hospital.

Parents of a 5-month-old ask the nurse what they can feed their infant besides breast milk. The nurse would appropriately suggest:

baby cereals. strained fruits. strained vegetables.

The nurse uses a diagram to show that the fetal prenatal period begins after the ____________ week.

eighth

A nurse assessing a 13-year-old female is aware that the presence of axillary and pubic hair indicates the presence of:

estradiol.

The well baby clinic nurse suggests that the most important aspect parents should consider when selecting a day care facility for their preschooler would be the:

facility's approach to discipline and a nurturing atmosphere.

A 4-year-old attends a preschool group three mornings a week. He has been treated kindly and lovingly at home. At school, according to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, he is likely to:

follow the rules regarding peer interactions to avoid punishment.

The school nurse recognizes that the adolescent most at risk for a problem relative to body image would be the 15-year-old:

girl with severe acne.

The nurse confirms that in the embryonic stage of prenatal development (third to eighth week), the embryo's:

heart begins to beat.

A 9-year-old has returned to the pediatric unit from the recovery room after having his appendix removed. He has an intravenous solution running into a vein and a dressing covering the operative site. His parents went home briefly. When he becomes upset and starts crying, the nurse should:

help the child recall the events of the previous day, explaining that his mother will be back later in the morning.

A 10-year-old girl has recently grown 3 inches and gained 20 pounds. She began having menstrual periods and is embarrassed about her breast development. The parents are concerned about her complaints of fatigue. The most helpful response from the nurse would be to suggest:

helping the child recognize bodily self-consciousness and fatigue as a normal part of maturation.

The nurse explains that the Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) evaluated gross motor skills by observing the child's ability to:

hop on one foot.

The mother of a 13-year-old girl tells the school nurse that her daughter will appear one day neatly dressed and groomed and the next will have on tattered jeans and a T-shirt and untidy hair. The nurse realizes that these are "trials" to find:

identity.

The school nurse is alert to the behavior of a child who has extremely permissive parents, because this sort of parenting style produces children who are:

impulsive.

An 8-year-old's mother asked the child to set the table, but then remarked that it was not very neat and then reset the table herself. According to Erikson, this sort of behavior on the part of the mother will cause the child to feel:

inferior.

When asked, the nurse explains that the superego described in Sigmund Freud's theory influences human behavior by playing the part of the:

moral dictator.

In planning anticipatory guidance for the parents of an 18-month-old child at a well-child clinic, the nurse should include information about the:

need for close supervision and making the environment safe related to poisons, motor vehicles, stairs, and electrical hazards.

The well child clinic nurse reminds the parents of a 2-year-old that the primary environmental influence for physical development is:

nutrition.

The nurse points out that an infant who pulls at a drawer handle to open a drawer that holds a toy that is out of view is exhibiting:

object permanence.

The nurse is aware that according to Piaget's theory, the child's cognitive development is:

occurring in stages, which allows a child to organize knowledge and adapt to the environment in increasingly complex ways.

A nurse arranges for cooperative play in a pediatric unit by:

organizing a checkers game between two 10 year olds.

When a 4-year-old boy announces that he is going to marry his mother, the nurse recognizes that this statement is an indicator that he is in the Freudian stage of:

phallic.

A dejected 8-year-old has brought home an art project that was finished at school that didn't get put up on the bulletin board with some better projects. The best way to support the child's sense of industry would be for the parents to:

post the project on the front of the refrigerator.

A child who can draw pictures of objects not in evidence in the room is exhibiting Piaget's:

preoperational stage.

A nurse instructing a group of adolescents about development includes in her remarks that the presence of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) will cause boys to:

produce sperm.

The nurse clarifies that growth differs from development in that growth:

progresses in an orderly, predictable way.

A nurse encourages the father of a newborn infant to hold the baby close, talk softly, stroke the baby's fingers, and make eye contact in order to:

promote bonding, which in turn promotes a sense of trust in infancy.

A school nurse suspects that a 7-year-old child at the school is being physically abused. The nurse should:

report the suspected abuse to the authorities.

The nurse reminds parents that infants who have developed trust by the age of 6 months will be able to:

tolerate short separations from parents.

A nurse would expect a child of 2 years to communicate in:

two word sentences.

The nurse reminds a parent that a major milestone for a 2- to 3-year-old child is to learn to:

use the toilet for bladder and bowel functions.

A parent asks the nurse about how to discipline her 2-year-old who has become uncooperative and negative and is having temper tantrums. The most helpful suggestion made by the nurse would be for the parent to deal with this normal behavior by:

using a "time-out" (a quiet time without toys).