Chapter 11 Homework

Which of the following statements would indicate that the speaker is making an internal attribution? Multiple Choice "I can't believe she's so overweight. She must be a very lazy person." "She got the job because she was in the right place at the right time." "That man slipped on the sidewalk because it's icy." "No wonder he's a juvenile delinquent—just look at his home life!"

"I can't believe she's so overweight. She must be a very lazy person."

Implicit bias is measured by a person's Multiple Choice active discrimination against individuals. claims of having a bias. speed at processing stimuli consistent with the bias. denial of having any bias.

?

Which of the following best illustrates explicit bias? Multiple Choice Earnest thinks no one should get married. Mona is horrified by fur coats. Natasha loves fur coats. Simon has trouble recognizing two gay men as a couple relative to a male-female pair, even though Simon himself is gay. Abe says he can always trust a woman wearing blue jeans.

?

Which method of persuasion is the most effective? Multiple Choice Both the central route and the peripheral route can be effective means of persuasion. The central route of persuasion is the most effective. Neither the central route nor the peripheral route has been proven to be an effective means of persuasion. The peripheral route of persuasion is the most effective.

Both the central route and the peripheral route can be effective means of persuasion.

Which of the following best illustrates explicit bias? Multiple Choice Herman noticed that Harriot rarely brushed her teeth. Martha says she likes actors with British accents better than actors with American accents. The committee unanimously approved hiring the candidate. No one on the hiring committee could agree which was the best candidate. Morton was quicker at identifying male surgeons than female surgeons.

Martha says she likes actors with British accents better than actors with American accents

Which of the following best illustrates implicit bias? Multiple Choice The committee unanimously approved hiring the candidate. Martha says she likes actors with British accents better than actors with American accents. No one on the hiring committee could agree which was the best candidate. Morton was quicker at identifying male surgeons than female surgeons. Herman noticed that Harriot rarely brushed her teeth.

Morton was quicker at identifying male surgeons than female surgeons.

Which of the following researchers conducted a famous experiment on conformity in which a group of confederates purposefully said the wrong answer about a perceptual consistency question to see if the participant would go along with their answer or select the correct one? Multiple Choice Bandura Asch Milgram Zimbardo

Psychologist Solomon Asch

________, which suggests that people are less likely to help in an emergency situation when others are present, is explained by the concept of diffusion of responsibility. Multiple Choice The bystander effect Altruism Group influence The false consensus effect

The bystander effect

What does social psychological research have to say about decreasing within-group prejudice? Multiple Choice When groups work together to achieve a common goal, prejudice is decreased. Competitive activities between members of groups result in decreased prejudice. Prejudice is deep-rooted and cannot be influenced by psychological intervention. Exposure to members of the out-group results in decreased prejudice.

When groups work together to achieve a common goal, prejudice is decreased.

A student thinks of himself as above average in intelligence. This is an example of Multiple Choice self-objectification. a positive illusion. a self-fulfilling prophecy. the fundamental attribution error.

a positive illusion

Deindividuation

a state when you become so immersed in the norms of the group that you lose your sense of identity and personal responsibility. An individual relinquishes individual responsibility for actions and sees behavior as a consequence of group norms and expectations. (example: keyboard warriors)

People are most likely to apply the fundamental attribution error to Multiple Choice a stranger. a parent. themselves. a good friend.

a stranger

We are most likely to apply the fundamental attribution error to ________ and least likely to apply it to ________. Multiple Choice a stranger; ourselves ourselves; a stranger ourselves; a friend a friend; a stranger

a stranger; ourselves

The first day of class, Jalen is assigned to sit next to a man wearing athletic pants and a baseball cap with a sports logo of his rival team. Jalen has an immediate negative evaluative reaction to his classmate. This is referred to as Multiple Choice informational social influence. cognitive dissonance. an attitude. lowballing.

an attitude.

Implicit bias is typically defined as Multiple Choice having a low opinion of one's own group. hinting at disfavoring a particular group. automatic stereotyped associations. repressing one's hatred of other groups.

automatic stereotyped associations

Which of the following is an example of cognitive dissonance? Multiple Choice the accused claiming to be innocent, but the prosecution asserting guilt liking chocolate and liking a hamburger, but not liking the two mixed together believing in regular exercise, but realizing you don't exercise a viewer rejecting the claims made on public television

believing in regular exercise, but realizing you don't exercise

An elderly man falls when exiting a crowded movie theater. There is an extremely long pause before anyone moves to help the man. What is this an example of? Multiple Choice altruism bystander effect aggression egoism

bystander effect

Tyrone is supportive of the legalization of marijuana. However, the political candidate for whom he plans to vote opposes marijuana legalization. Tyrone is likely experiencing Multiple Choice the bystander effect. cognitive dissonance. conformity. the self-fulfilling prophecy.

cognitive dissonance

As a news anchor, Craig is used to people approaching him to argue about things he reported. Though he loves his job, he is constantly explaining that just because he reports on an issue doesn't mean he personally subscribes to it. In situations like this, people are Multiple Choice committing the fundamental attribution error. relying on the norm of reciprocity. relying on the peripheral route of persuasion. using the door-in-the-face technique.

committing the fundamental attribution error.

Members of some hate groups cover their faces and sometimes their entire bodies while they mistreat their targeted group. This can also happen if the hate group is extremely large or a "mob mentality" forms. In these situations, people find it easier to participate in crimes they would not normally commit, due to Multiple Choice the self-fulfilling prophecy. lowballing. deindividuation. equal status contact.

deindividuation

In his famous studies on obedience, Stanley Milgram asked participants to Multiple Choice judge which of a series of lines is the same length as another line. behave aggressively after watching a violent television show. deliver electrical shocks to another person. provide assistance to the victim of a crime.

deliver electrical shocks to another person

Dissonance is Multiple Choice discomfort at clashing stimuli. disobeying an authority. an illusion. expressing a minority opinion.

discomfort at clashing stimuli

If you believe it is wrong to steal but you sneak into a movie theater with a friend, you would likely experience cognitive Multiple Choice dissonance. ambivalence. discord. dissension.

dissonance

Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory is used to explain Multiple Choice how one's own actions can change one's beliefs. how consensus within a group can be reached on controversial issues. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. why upsetting events are easily forgotten.

how one's own actions can change one's beliefs

Social psychology is more interested in studying ________ in social situations, whereas sociology is more interested in studying ________ in similar situations. Multiple Choice cognitions; behaviors groups; individuals behaviors; cognitions individuals; groups

individuals; groups

Ethnocentrism consequence

it implies that ethnic out-groups arent just different, they're worse than one's group which means it may trigger prejudice

Jane and Blaine meet at a party, have a short conversation with each other, and then return to their friends. Later that evening, they have another brief conversation. In predicting whether these two individuals will be interpersonally attracted to each other, we should Multiple Choice pay equal attention to both conversations they shared with each other. pay more attention to the first conversation they shared with each other. pay little attention to either conversation. pay more attention to the last conversation they shared with each other.

pay more attention to the first conversation they shared with each other

Janna describes Mike as smart, funny, selfish, and lazy. Vanna describes Ike as lazy, selfish, funny, and smart. Based on these descriptions, we are more likely to Multiple Choice prefer Mike first, then prefer Ike. prefer Mike to Ike. have no preference for Mike or Ike. prefer Ike to Mike.

prefer Mike to Ike

Matthew did poorly when trying out for his school's soccer team. To make himself feel better about his performance, he said to himself "at least I wasn't as bad as Brad." Matthew's self-talk is an example of Multiple Choice the fundamental attribution error. social comparison. self-serving bias. cognitive dissonance.

social comparison

Which theory says that people seek to maximize benefits and minimize costs in their personal relationships? Multiple Choice social contagion theory social influence theory risky shift theory social exchange theory

social exchange theory

Glynnis has been involved in her college's theater department for several years. When she first gets a script she practices alone, repeating lines until they sound and feel realistic to her. She always notices that her performance improves significantly when she participates in dress rehearsals with other actors. This is due to Multiple Choice social roles. deindividuation. social facilitation. social norms.

social facilitation

A lot of family wealth in the United States has been accumulated through the ownership of real estate. For many years, racist policies prevented Black Americans from getting certain loans, thus making it more difficult for them to both buy property and accumulate family wealth. This is an example of Multiple Choice ethnocentrism. microaggressions. systemic racism. implicit racism.

systemic racism

Franco is surprised to find that not all of his friends think about affirmative action in the same way he does. Franco's surprise can be explained by Multiple Choice the false consensus effect. heuristics. self-serving bias. the fundamental attribution error.

the false consensus effect

Assuming that the reason a person is obese is because they have no willpower is an example of Multiple Choice a stereotype. the fundamental attribution error. a self-fulfilling prophecy. stereotype threat.

the fundamental attribution error.

In the United States the biggest factor in determining interpersonal attraction to another is Multiple Choice the number of times we interact with the other. how close we live or work to the other. the similarity of the other to us. the physical attractiveness of the other.

the physical attractiveness of the other

There are ________ routes to persuasion. Multiple Choice five four two three

two

While the central route to persuasion ________, the peripheral route ________. Multiple Choice plays on the audience's emotions; uses facts to present the message appeals to the audience's ability to reason; uses facts to present the message uses facts to present the message; appeals to the audience's emotions plays on the audience's emotions; works best when the audience is interested and motivated

uses facts to present the message; appeals to the audience's emotions

Explicit bias is defined as favoring or disfavoring a group Multiple Choice with the conscious realization you are doing so. unconsciously, without realizing you are doing so. to the point you engage in discrimination (for or against) the group. to which you do not belong.

with the conscious realization you are doing so

Which of the following will decrease the likelihood of deindividuation? Multiple Choice darkness large groups costumes saying a person's name

saying a person's name

First impressions have a long-lasting effect on our perceptions of another person because Multiple Choice they are quite memorable. they create a context for us to subsequently assess a person. they bias us for future interactions with that person. All these answers are correct.

All these answers are correct

Dispositional attribution

Dispositional attribution assigns the cause of behavior to some internal characteristic of a person, rather than to outside forces. When we explain the behavior of others we look for enduring internal attributions, such as personality traits.

Two schools, formerly rivals, recently merged. Needless to say, many of the students are not happy about being in the same school. The school officials want to help the two groups to get along better. Which of the following techniques is likely to be most effective? Multiple Choice Have the two groups work on projects where no group can succeed without everyone working together. Have the students sing the new school song. This will reinforce the idea that they are all one school now. Nothing; as long as they're in the same school, all they need now is time. Make sure that each class has a mixture of students from the two original schools.

Have the two groups work on projects where no group can succeed without everyone working together.

"I am a good student but I am not scholarship level. I just don't know what to do." Jarod believes that: (1) higher education is of great value.​(2) there is no way he can afford a higher education. Which two of the following outcomes is consistent with cognitive dissonance theory? Check All That Apply Jarod devalues higher education. Jarod applies for scholarships he is sure he will not get. Jarod wonders if he could cut his budget enough to afford it. .Jarod gives up and goes out to dinner.

Jarod devalues higher education and wonders if he could cut his budget enough to afford it

Keri feels that people should not kiss on the first date, but she just had a first date that was so terrific that she just couldn't help herself, and she kissed her date goodnight. Keri believes that: (1) I shouldn't kiss on the first date.(2) I kissed on the first date. Which of the following outcomes is consistent with cognitive dissonance theory? Multiple Choice Keri hates herself for violating her own standards and stops dating. Keri decides it isn't so bad to kiss on the first date. Keri asks for a second date.

Keri decides it isn't so bad to kiss on the first date

Samantha hates playing board games, but somehow she allowed herself to get roped into going with her friends for an evening of board games. Samantha believes that: (1) I hate playing board games.(2) I spent the evening playing board games. Which of the following outcomes is consistent with cognitive dissonance theory? Multiple Choice Samantha loves her friends despite their poor taste in entertainment. Samantha hates her friends for pressuring her to do something contrary to her values. Samantha hates board games more than ever. Samantha decides board games aren't so bad after all.

Samantha decides board games aren't so bad after all

A woman is concerned that if she does poorly on a math exam, she will confirm the stereotype that women are not as good at math as men. Which of the following is most likely to happen and why? Multiple Choice She will do well on the exam because of the fundamental attribution error. She will do poorly on the exam because of stereotype threat. She will do poorly on the exam because of the fundamental attribution error. She will do well on the exam because of stereotype threat.

She will do poorly on the exam because of stereotype threat.

Which of the following best illustrates implicit bias? Multiple Choice Natasha loves fur coats. Abe says he can always trust a woman wearing blue jeans. Simon has trouble recognizing two gay men as a couple relative to a male-female pair, even though Simon himself is gay. Mona is horrified by fur coats. Earnest thinks no one should get married.

Simon has trouble recognizing two gay men as a couple relative to a male-female pair, even though Simon himself is gay.

Which of the following statements about the fundamental attribution error is FALSE? Multiple Choice The fundamental attribution error is an error that affects everyone. The fundamental attribution error generally causes us to attribute our own behavior to dispositional causes. Individuals are least likely to say that an individual's behavior "depends on the situation" if they do not know them at all. This error results from the strong human tendency to overlook situational factors when explaining the behavior of others.

The fundamental attribution error generally causes us to attribute our own behavior to dispositional causes.

Which of the following statements about the fundamental attribution error is FALSE? Multiple Choice This error results from the strong human tendency to overlook situational factors when explaining the behavior of others. The fundamental attribution error is an error that affects everyone. The fundamental attribution error generally causes us to attribute our own behavior to dispositional causes. Individuals are least likely to say that an individual's behavior "depends on the situation" if they do not know them at all.

The fundamental attribution error generally causes us to attribute our own behavior to dispositional causes.

Which of the following statements about the fundamental attribution error and self-serving bias is most correct? Multiple Choice The fundamental attribution error is unrelated to stereotypes, while self-serving bias is related to stereotypes. The fundamental attribution error does not take into account all available information, while self-serving bias does. The fundamental attribution error is focused on others, while self-serving bias is focused on the self. The fundamental attribution error attributes successes to internal causes, while self-serving bias attributes successes to external causes.

The fundamental attribution error is focused on others, while self-serving bias is focused on the self.

A good way to help yourself quit smoking is to spend time educating other people about the dangers of smoking. Because one action (smoking) is incongruent with the other action (telling others about dangers related to smoking), you will probably experience Multiple Choice deindividuation. cognitive dissonance. the door-in-the-face technique. normative social influence.

cognitive dissonance

Nia was offered a job and wanted to get a salary of $35,000 per year. When her soon-to-be employer asked her what salary she expected, she said $40,000. She was confident that she would not get that high of a salary but rather expected her employer to reject that figure for a figure closer to $35,000. What strategy is Nia using? Multiple Choice elaboration-likelihood strategy door-in-the-face strategy foot-in-the-door strategy cognitive dissonance strategy

door-in-the-face strategy

As Theo leaves his grocery store, a woman at a table near the door asks him to donate $10 to a cause that Theo has heard of but in which he has no personal investment. Theo politely declines; $10 feels like a lot of money to give to a charity that has no particular meaning for him. The woman asks if he'd be willing to give one dollar instead, and Theo pulls some change out of his pocket and drops some quarters into the bucket on the table. The solicitor used the Multiple Choice lowballing technique. foot-in-the-door technique. door-in-the-face technique. norm of reciprocity.

door-in-the-face technique

Which of the following encourages in-group/out-group, we/they thinking? Multiple Choice microaggression social facilitation groupthink ethnocentrism

ethnocentrism

Consider online dating sites. A heterosexual man is seeking a mate who is attractive and youthful. A heterosexual woman is seeking a mate who is stable, takes care of family, and is committed. Which theory best explains these preferences? Multiple Choice mere exposure gender role social cognitive evolutionary

evolutionary

Social psychologists often use ________ research to understand the causes of how and why people behave the way they do in social situations. Multiple Choice experimental case study correlational pseudo-psychology

experimental

Love that is characterized by intense passion and infatuation is called Multiple Choice consensual love. social exchange love. affectionate love. romantic love.

romantic love

When the Enron Corporation went bankrupt in 2001, the collapse was the largest corporate failure in history, and the name has since become synonymous with corporate fraud. Enron's board of directors failed to monitor, question, or analyze Enron's management and business practices, and billions of dollars' worth of unscrupulous activities were conducted to make Enron look more financially stable than it was. Though the board had access to evidence that something was wrong with Enron's business practices, a culture had developed in which conformity was encouraged and diverse views were not acceptable. In other words, Enron fell prey to Multiple Choice group polarization. social loafing. social facilitation. groupthink.

groupthink

A stranger goes straight to the front of a long line waiting to speak with a customer service representative at a department store. In applying the fundamental attribution error, you would most likely think that the stranger Multiple Choice must have an emergency. was told by another employee to go straight to the front of the line. didn't notice the line of other customers waiting. is a rude person.

is a rude person

Subtle everyday acts that communicate bias to members of marginalized groups—such as a white woman holding her purse closer to her body when she passes a Black man on the street—are referred to as Multiple Choice microaggressions. ethnocentrism. implicit bias. institutional racism.

microaggressions

Galatea attended a high school that encouraged and emphasized creativity and the arts until her junior year. When her mother's employer transfers her to another state, Galatea and her father must also move. Because there isn't a special arts magnet in the new town, Galatea is enrolled in the public high school. On her first day she dresses as she always has—an eclectic, funky style that is uniquely hers. The other students, who appear to Galatea to be dressed in boringly similar styles, stare and laugh at her appearance, and by the end of the day Galatea is uncomfortable. If she conforms to be accepted by her new schoolmates, Galatea will have succumbed to Multiple Choice normative social influence. deindividuation. a self-serving bias. the fundamental attribution error.

normative social influence

Sometimes soldiers will commit acts of violence against others because they were ordered to do so by superior officers. This is an example of Multiple Choice obedience. conformity. groupthink. cognitive dissonance.

obedience

An employer who thinks that members of a specific group are inferior is an example of ________; the employer's refusal to hire members of that group is an example of ________. Multiple Choice social comparison; stereotyping stereotyping; social comparison prejudice; discrimination discrimination; prejudice

prejudice; discrimination

The mere exposure effect works because of ________, which suggests that the more we encounter someone, the more likely it is that we will become attracted to the person. Multiple Choice similarity romantic love closure proximity

proximity

Yoon did well on her first exam in psychology. She congratulated herself for studying hard and being naturally gifted. When she failed her second exam, she became angry at the professor for creating an unfair test and for not explaining the concepts well. Yoon's reactions are an example of Multiple Choice stereotype threat. self-serving bias. cognitive dissonance. self-objectification.

self-serving bias

How people relate, influence, and think about each other is the focus of ________ psychology. Multiple Choice social behavioral community clinical

social

The engineers at the Optimum Computing Corporation have developed a superior notebook computer. The advertising department knows that the purchase of a notebook is a significant investment for the average computer buyer. Since their product is more expensive than their competitors', they will have to convince their target audience that the technology is extraordinary enough to warrant the additional cost. Which of the following approaches would be most likely to achieve their goal? Multiple Choice the central route to persuasion the peripheral route to persuasion lowballing the door-in-the-face technique

the central route to persuasion

Mike and his wife Amanda are arguing about Mike's in-laws. Mike doesn't want them to visit because they fight all the time when they come to the house and he is worried about the effect that their fighting is having on Mike and Amanda's children. Amanda finally yells out: "What about our fighting?" Mike replies, "Well, that's different. We fight because we're having a disagreement, they fight because they hate each other!" This is an example of Multiple Choice the fundamental attribution error. an assumed similarity bias. the halo effect. self-serving bias.

the fundamental attribution error.

Which type of persuasion relies more on emotion or cues outside the message to influence? Multiple Choice the cognitive route the extreme route the central route the peripheral route

the peripheral route

Randy is sitting at home watching TV. He just had dinner, but a commercial for a frozen dessert appears on his television. In the commercial, a happy family is eating the dessert. Randy, who had not been hungry moments before, suddenly decides to take his son out to get ice cream. Randy's decision has likely been influenced by Multiple Choice the central route to persuasion. the central and peripheral routes to persuasion. the peripheral route to persuasion. neither the central nor peripheral routes to persuasion.

the peripheral route to persuasion

The upscale Ethan Grant Company has created a new cologne called "Ethan." The company's advertising executives know that their new fragrance will be competing with hundreds of others and that the human nose can only discriminate among so many smells. They know there's no way they can logically convince someone to pay an exorbitant price for Ethan; instead, they will need to rely on Multiple Choice the foot-in-the-door technique. the central route to persuasion. deindividuation. the peripheral route to persuasion.

the peripheral route to persuasion

Khalid and some of his friends have decided to pool their money together to invest in the stock market. Individually, each of them is usually a relatively conservative investor, but as a group they wound up making some very daring investment choices. This illustrates the concept of Multiple Choice the peripheral route of persuasion. the risky shift phenomenon. groupthink. the group polarization effect.

the risky shift phenomenon

According to contemporary relationship research, regardless of gender, people share an interest in finding partners who are Multiple Choice warm and trustworthy. passionate and attractive. physically strong and mentally agile. different and unfamiliar.

warm and trustworthy